AIDS Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Perceived Stigma, Quality of Life, and Spiritual Beliefs on Suicidal Ideations among HIV-Positive Patients.","authors":"Nooshin Zarei,&nbsp;Hassan Joulaei","doi":"10.1155/2018/6120127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6120127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicidal ideation is considered a major health problem associated with HIV/AIDS. Suicide rates among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are more than three times higher in the general population and that is a significant difference. This study aimed at investigating the related factors of suicidal ideations among HIV-positive patients in Southwest Iran.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>351 adult volunteer HIV-infected patients that referred to the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center in the south of Iran were evaluated based on convenience sampling. Data was collected utilizing a structured questionnaire from March to August 2015.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the six months prior to the study, 15.4% of the entire sample had been diagnosed with suicidal ideation. There was a significant correlation between the quality of life, spiritual beliefs, perceived stigma, and age with suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation is significantly different in terms of gender and marital status. Perceived stigma and spiritual beliefs showed the highest effect on suicidal ideations, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Having religious beliefs due to accelerating psychological adaptation can motivate HIV patients to survive and have also been considered effective in preventing women from suicide. Perceived stigma and quality of life are other factors that should be taken into consideration as key elements in suicide preventive programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"6120127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/6120127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36658774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Adversities and Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV: Findings from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study.","authors":"Tsegaye Bekele,&nbsp;Evan J Collins,&nbsp;Robert G Maunder,&nbsp;Sandra Gardner,&nbsp;Sergio Rueda,&nbsp;Jason Globerman,&nbsp;Thao Lan Le,&nbsp;Jon Hunter,&nbsp;Anita Benoit,&nbsp;Sean B Rourke,&nbsp;The Ohtn Cohort Study Team","doi":"10.1155/2018/2187232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2187232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We sought to estimate the prevalence of childhood adversity and examine its relationship with health outcomes among people living with HIV. Study participants included 1409 adults living with HIV and receiving care in Toronto, Canada. Data on childhood adversity, health behaviors, HIV outcome measures, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were collected through face-to-face interviews and medical records. Statistical analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regression modeling. The prevalence of any childhood adversity was 71% (individual types ranged from 11% to 44%) and higher prevalence was associated with younger age, Indigenous or African/Caribbean/Black ethnicity, lower socioeconomic status, and higher rates of cigarette smoking and nonmedicinal drug use. Greater number of childhood adversities was associated with greater odds of depression and decreasing mental HRQOL. HIV care providers need to screen for childhood adversities and address childhood trauma within the context of HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2187232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/2187232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36036327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among PLHIV in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 2017.","authors":"Tadele Amare, Wondale Getinet, Shegaye Shumet, Biksegn Asrat","doi":"10.1155/2018/5462959","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/5462959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a substantial contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in all communities across the globe. Depression is the most common psychiatric problem associated with HIV/AIDS and half of all PLWHIV with depression go underdiagnosed and untreated. Psychiatric complications of HIVAIDS delay mental health services in less affluent countries. However, there is lack of study with regard to the pooled estimation prevalence of depression in PLWHIV in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the most current available evidence from 2010 to March 2017 among adult PLWHIV in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The team explored multiple databases searching methods including MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Advance Scholar, and Google Scholar to find studies published with the data on the prevalence of depression among PLWHIV. We searched 150 research articles; of these 143 articles were excluded. Subsequently, thirteen articles were used for synthesis prevalence and four studies were included in the synthesis effect of sex on depression among PLWHIV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total of pooled estimated prevalence of depression in PLWHIV was 36.65. Estimated prevalence of depression in three studies by using CES-D was 31.19% and in six studies by using PHQ-9 was 37.91%. The remaining four studies used a single tool: Kessler-6 Scale (15.5%), HADS (41.2%), HDSQ (43.9%), and BDI (55.8%). Factors such as age, marital status, living alone, poor medication adherence, poor social support, clinical stages II and III of HIV, stigma, income, and occupation were significantly associated with depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and recommendation: </strong>The pooled estimate prevalence of depression among PLWHIV was higher than that in the general population. It is better to offer special attention to these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"5462959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5850898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36031458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Palatability of Lopinavir and Ritonavir Delivered by an Innovative Freeze-Dried Fast-Dissolving Tablet Formulation.","authors":"David W Pittman, Alexandra M Brantly, Alexandra L Drobonick, Hannah T King, Daniel C Mesta, Caroline G Richards, Manjari Lal, Manshun Lai","doi":"10.1155/2018/5908167","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/5908167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Negative hedonic sensory qualities of HIV antiretroviral drugs often reduce patient adherence particularly in pediatric populations requiring oral consumption. This study examines the palatability of an innovative delivery mechanism utilizing a freeze-drying-in-blister approach to create fast-dissolving tablets (FDTs) containing a fixed-dose combination of lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r). Consumption patterns of solutions during brief-access and long-term testing and baby foodstuff consumption were analyzed to evaluate the orosensory detection and avoidance of placebo FDTs containing no LPV/r (FDT-) and FDTs containing LPV/r (FDT+). Rats showed no change in consumption patterns for the placebo FDT- compared with control solutions. Rats can detect but do not avoid FDT+ at body-weight-adjusted dosages in both brief-access (30-s) and long-term (23 h) consumption tests. There is an aversive response to concentrated doses of FDT+ during brief-access tests that cannot be masked by 25% sucrose. However, the strongest FDT+ concentration was not rejected when mixed with 50 g of applesauce, banana sauce, or rice cereal baby foodstuffs. The averseness of the FDT+ was associated with the presence of LPV/r and not the FDT- formulation itself. The novel FDT formulation appears to be a palatable delivery mechanism for oral antiretroviral pharmaceuticals especially when mixed with baby foodstuffs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"5908167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5822810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35957233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal Nitric Oxide Levels in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Cecilia T Costiniuk,&nbsp;Vikram Mehraj,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Routy,&nbsp;Christina de Castro,&nbsp;Natale Wasef,&nbsp;Mohammad-Ali Jenabian,&nbsp;Syim Salahuddin,&nbsp;Bertrand Lebouché,&nbsp;Joseph Cox,&nbsp;Jason Szabo,&nbsp;Marina Klein,&nbsp;Larry Lands,&nbsp;Adam J Shapiro","doi":"10.1155/2018/7645125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7645125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low levels of nasal NO have been associated with increased propensity to rhinosinusitis and respiratory tract infections. Our objective was to describe nasal NO levels in HIV-infected individuals versus healthy controls and determine possible risk factors for reduced nasal NO levels.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>HIV-infected individuals and healthy controls were recruited. Participants underwent nasal NO testing by standardized methods using a CLD88 chemiluminescence analyzer and completed the Sinonasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20) on symptoms of rhinosinusitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants included 41 HIV-infected individuals with suppressed VL on antiretroviral therapy (ART group), 5 HIV-infected individuals with detectable VL off ART (viremic group), and 12 healthy controls (HC group). Mean nasal NO level was 253 (±77) nL/min in the ART group, 213 (±48) nL/min in the viremic group, and 289 (±68) nL/min in the HC group (<i>p</i> = 0.133; ANOVA). There was no correlation between nasal NO level and VL in viremic individuals (<i>r</i> = -0.200; <i>p</i> = 0.747). Differences were observed in mean total points on the SNOT-20 which were 19 (±16)/100, 18 (±26)/100, and 4 (±4)/100 in the ART, viremic, and HC groups, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.013; ANOVA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Healthy individuals, HIV patients on ART, and viremic individuals off ART display similar nasal NO levels. However, rhinosinusitis symptoms remain prominent despite ART-treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"7645125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/7645125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35926599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Diagnosis of HIV among Infants Born to HIV-Positive Mothers on Option-B Plus in Kampala, Uganda.","authors":"Jonathan Izudi,&nbsp;Sylvia Auma,&nbsp;John Bosco Alege","doi":"10.1155/2017/4654763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4654763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Globally, there is delay in accessing early HIV diagnosis (EID) among HIV exposed infants (HEIs). With paucity of data on EID use at Kisenyi Health Center, this study assessed factors associated with EID use among HEIs (HIV exposed infants).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study of 246 HIV-positive mother-baby pairs. Data was collected by structured questionnaire, double-entered in EpiData, and analyzed with STATA using multinomial logistic regression at 5% significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>132 (53.7%) HEIs were not tested, 60 (24.4%) tested outside EID guideline, and 54 (21.9%) tested per the guideline. Testing per guideline was associated with maternal age above 30 years (AOR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.20-6.34; <i>P</i> = 0.017); testing outside the guideline was associated with maternal HIV serostatus disclosure (AOR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.10-6.63; <i>P</i> = 0.003) and four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR = 3.25; 95% CI: 1.23-8.59; <i>P</i> = 0.017). However, maternal knowledge of HIV transmission was associated with testing outside the guideline (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.10-7.65; <i>P</i> = 0.032) and per the guideline (AOR = 3.70; 95% CI: 1.39-9.88; <i>P</i> = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Timely EID testing was low. Improving maternal knowledge of EID during ANC visits and positive living empowerment is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"4654763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/4654763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35307882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Very Early Infant Diagnosis Turnaround Times: Findings from a Birth Testing Pilot in Lesotho.","authors":"Michelle M Gill,&nbsp;Heather J Hoffman,&nbsp;Majoalane Mokone,&nbsp;Vincent J Tukei,&nbsp;Matsepeli Nchephe,&nbsp;Mamakhetha Phalatse,&nbsp;Appolinaire Tiam,&nbsp;Laura Guay,&nbsp;Lynne Mofenson","doi":"10.1155/2017/2572594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2572594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Very early infant diagnosis (VEID) (testing within two weeks of life), combined with rapid treatment initiation, could reduce early infant mortality. Our study evaluated turnaround time (TAT) to receipt of infants' HIV test results and ART initiation if HIV-infected, with and without birth testing availability. Data from facility records and national databases were collected for 12 facilities offering VEID, as part of an observational prospective cohort study, and 10 noncohort facilities. HIV-exposed infants born in January-June 2016 and any cohort infant diagnosed as HIV-infected at birth or six weeks were included. The median TAT from blood draw to caregiver result receipt was 76.5 days at birth and 63 and 70 days at six weeks at cohort and noncohort facilities, respectively. HIV-exposed infants tested at birth were approximately one month younger when their caregivers received results versus those tested at six weeks. Infants diagnosed at birth initiated ART about two months earlier (median 6.4 weeks old) than those identified at six weeks (median 14.8 weeks). However, the long TAT for testing at both birth and six weeks illustrates the prolonged process for specimen transport and result return that could compromise the effectiveness of adding VEID to existing overburdened EID systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"2572594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/2572594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35802049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Tolerability of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Based Regimen as Compared to Zidovudine Based Regimens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Tegene Legese Dadi,&nbsp;Adane Teshome Kefale,&nbsp;Teshale Ayele Mega,&nbsp;Muktar Sano Kedir,&nbsp;Habtamu Acho Addo,&nbsp;Tessema Tsehay Biru","doi":"10.1155/2017/5792925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5792925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)/efavirenz (EFV) and zidovudine (ZDV)/lamivudine (3TC)/efavirenz (EFV) are used as preferred first line regimen, their head-to-head comparison in terms of their efficacy and tolerability was limited. This review aimed to synthesize the best available evidence on the comparative efficacy and tolerability of the two regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven sites and databases in addition to Google search until August 20, 2016, were searched. Only randomized clinical trials conducted on adult population were included in this study. Our primary outcome was viral load suppression while secondary outcomes were death and tolerability. Undetectable viral load is defined as <50 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies/ml. Joanna Briggs institute meta-analysis of statistics assessment and review instrument (JBI-MAStARI) and critical appraisal and data extraction tool were applied for critical assessment and data extraction, respectively. We performed a random effect meta-analysis to pool the relative risk (RR) for viral load suppression (<50 HIV RNA copies/ml and <400 HIV RNA copies/ml), tolerability, and death.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Data was extracted from four articles, which included a total of 2381 participants. We found superior viral load suppression among tenofovir (TDF) arm compared to zidovudine (ZDV) arm. Tenofovir arm achieves viral load <50 HIV RNA copies/ml (RR = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.04, 1.21], <i>I</i>² = 0%) higher than zidovudine arm. Similarly TDF arm is superior in viral load suppression to <400 HIV RNA copies/ml (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.11, 1.27], <i>I</i>² = 0%). Moreover, TDF based regimens were more likely to be tolerated than ZDV based regimens (4 trials, 2381 participants (RR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02, 1.10], <i>I</i>² = 51%)). However, forest plot of death shows that it was not significant (RR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.51, 1.62]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of TDF/FTC/EFV as first line regimen for naïve HIV-1 infected adult patient showed superior viral load suppression and tolerability as compared to ZDV/3TC/EFV. In order to compare the death outcome of both ZDV/3TC/EFV and TDF/FTC/EFV further research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"5792925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/5792925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35110457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Ho Municipality, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"James Osei-Yeboah,&nbsp;William K B A Owiredu,&nbsp;Gameli Kwame Norgbe,&nbsp;Sylvester Yao Lokpo,&nbsp;Christian Obirikorang,&nbsp;Emmanuel Alote Allotey,&nbsp;John Gameli Deku,&nbsp;Emmanuel Akomanin Asiamah,&nbsp;Nana Yaw Barimah Manaphraim,&nbsp;Prince Senyo Kwasi Nyamadi,&nbsp;Edward Yiadom Boakye,&nbsp;Tibemponi Ntoni,&nbsp;Roseline Avorkliyah,&nbsp;Romeo Asumbasiya Aduko,&nbsp;Seyram Tetteh Quarshie,&nbsp;Maxwell Jenkins Gbemu","doi":"10.1155/2017/6806951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6806951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quality of life (QoL) is an important component in the evaluation of the wellbeing of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). This study was aimed at evaluating the QoL of PLHIV attending the antiretroviral clinics in the Ho municipality. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to April 2017 involving 158 purposively selected HIV-positive patients who were attending the antiretroviral clinics both in the Volta Regional Hospital and Ho Municipal Hospital. An Interviewer administered standard questionnaire (WHOQOL-HIV Bref) was used to collect information on sociodemography, medical history, and the quality of life (QoL) of the respondents. Among these 158 HIV-positive respondents, 126 (79.75) and 14 (8.86) presented with excellent and good overall QoL, respectively, whilst 18 (11.39) had their life negatively affected by HIV/AIDS. Religious/personal beliefs (19.62%) were the most affected QoL component, followed by the physical (15.82%) and level of independence (15.19%) domains. Patients' occupation, perception of health, sexual activity, and state of the disease were associated with poor overall QoL. In general, being an HIV-infected man, symptomatic patient, not being sexually active, or being ART naïve was also associated with poorer QoL in several HIV/AIDS QoL domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"6806951"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/6806951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35219388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Assessing Outcomes among Infants of Pregnant HIV-Positive Women Receiving ART in Uganda.","authors":"Barbara Castelnuovo, Frank Mubiru, Ivan Kalule, Shadia Nakalema, Agnes Kiragga","doi":"10.1155/2017/3202737","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/3202737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2012, the WHO recommends lifelong ART with TDF+FTC/3TC+EFV for all HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women (Option B-plus). In this analysis we describe the proportion of early and late transmission in mothers with high retention in Kampala, Uganda. We included 700 pregnant women from January 2012 to August 2014 with a follow-up extended to August 2016; the median age was 31 years (IQR: 26-35), 36.3% in WHO stage 3/4; median CD4 count was 447 cells/<i>μ</i>L (IQR: 301-651) and 73.3% were already on ART for a median time of 28 (IQR: 10-57) months; 52% infants were male and median weight was 3.2 Kg (IQR: 2.5-3.5). Five hundred and sixty-five (80.7%) infants had at least one test for HIV; 22 (3.1%) infants died, all with unknown serostatus; 3 tested positive at week 6 and one additional at months 12 and 18. Two of the mothers of the 4 HIV-positive infants were ART-naïve at the time of pregnancy. We report very low documented HIV transmission comparable with those reported in clinical trials settings; however, demonstrating the efficacy of Option B-plus in terms of averted transmission in routine settings is challenging since high proportion of infants do not have documented HIV tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"3202737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5738585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35762439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}