AIDS Research and Treatment最新文献_第10页

Incidence and Predictors of Pregnancy among Women on ART in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. 埃塞俄比亚西北部Debre Markos转诊医院接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的妇女妊娠发生率和预测因素:一项为期五年的回顾性队列研究

IF 1.7

AIDS Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-06-05 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3261205

Maru Meseret, Alemayehu Shimeka, Alemayehu Bekele

{"title":"Incidence and Predictors of Pregnancy among Women on ART in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Maru Meseret, Alemayehu Shimeka, Alemayehu Bekele","doi":"10.1155/2017/3261205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3261205","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, death of women due to HIV/AIDS related causes during pregnancy or within 42 days after pregnancy was estimated to be 37,000. In Ethiopia, 42,900 pregnant women living with HIV gave birth in the year 2011. This study was aimed to assess incidence and predictors of pregnancy among women on ART in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data recorded from September 2011 to August 2015. Data was extracted from February to March, 2016, from 1,239 records and analyzed using SPSS version 16. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the probabilities of being pregnant. The Cox proportional hazards model was done and results were expressed using hazard ratios with 95% CI. A total of 1,239 women on ART were included in the study. The incidence of pregnancy was 49.2 per 1,000 person-years. Living in rural, being married, being widowed, being unemployed, and having <2 children at enrollment were found to be positively associated with being pregnant. The incidence of pregnancy among women on ART was found to be considerable. Provision of family planning and other reproductive health interventions have to be coupled with the ART service to address the problem.","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"3261205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/3261205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35125443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Disclosure of Parental HIV Status to Children: Experiences of Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment at an Urban Clinic in Kampala, Uganda. 向儿童披露父母艾滋病毒状况:乌干达坎帕拉一家城市诊所成年人接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的经历。

IF 1.1

AIDS Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-10-25 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3458684

Charles Peter Osingada, Monica Okuga, Rose Chalo Nabirye, Nelson Kaulukusi Sewankambo, Damalie Nakanjako

{"title":"Disclosure of Parental HIV Status to Children: Experiences of Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment at an Urban Clinic in Kampala, Uganda.","authors":"Charles Peter Osingada, Monica Okuga, Rose Chalo Nabirye, Nelson Kaulukusi Sewankambo, Damalie Nakanjako","doi":"10.1155/2017/3458684","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/3458684","url":null,"abstract":"Limited data are available on the experiences of parental HIV disclosure to children in Uganda. We conducted a qualitative study comprising sixteen in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions with parents receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Analysis was done using Atlas.ti qualitative research software. Back-and-forth triangulation was done between transcripts of the in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, and themes and subthemes were developed. Barriers to parents' disclosure included perceptions that children are too young to understand what HIV infection means and fears of secondary disclosure by the children. Immediate outcomes of disclosure included children getting scared and crying, although such instances often gave way to more enduring positive experiences for the parents, such as support in adherence to medical care, help in household chores, and a decrease in financial demands from the children. Country-specific interventions are needed to improve the process of parental HIV disclosure to children and this should encompass preparation on how to deal with the immediate psychological challenges associated with the parent's disclosure.","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"3458684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5676343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35619803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV-Stigma in Nigeria: Review of Research Studies, Policies, and Programmes. 尼日利亚对艾滋病毒的蔑视：研究、政策和计划回顾。

IF 1.7

AIDS Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-12-27 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5812650

Clifford O Odimegwu, Joshua O Akinyemi, Olatunji O Alabi

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Using Pharmacy Refill Records in a Rural Treatment Site in South Africa. 利用南非农村治疗点的药房补充记录评估抗逆转录病毒治疗的依从性。

IF 1.7

AIDS Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-31 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5456219

George Gachara, Lufuno G Mavhandu, Elizabeth T Rogawski, Cecile Manhaeve, Pascal O Bessong

{"title":"Evaluating Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Using Pharmacy Refill Records in a Rural Treatment Site in South Africa.","authors":"George Gachara, Lufuno G Mavhandu, Elizabeth T Rogawski, Cecile Manhaeve, Pascal O Bessong","doi":"10.1155/2017/5456219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5456219","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is critical to maintain virologic suppression, thereby ensuring the global success of HIV treatment. We evaluated adherence to cART using pharmacy refill records and determined the adherence threshold resulting in >90% virologic suppression in a community run treatment site in South Africa. Additionally, we analysed factors associated with adherence using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Logistic regression was also performed to determine the relationship between adherence and virologic suppression and the adherence threshold resulting in <10% virologic failure. The overall median (interquartile range) adherence was 95% (88.6-98.4%). Out of the study participants, 210/401 (52.4%) had optimal (≥95%) adherence while only 37/401 (9.2%) had poor (≤80%) adherence. The majority (90.5%) of patients with optimal adherence had virologic suppression. Having TB at registration into care was found to be negatively associated with adherence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.382; p ≤ .05). Compared to nonadherent individuals, optimally adherent participants were more likely to achieve virologic suppression (OR 2.92; 95% CI: 1.63-5.22). Only adherence rates above 95% were observed to lead to <10% virologic failure. cART adherence measured by pharmacy refill records could serve as a useful predictor of virologic failure; adherence rates >95% are needed to maintain optimal virologic suppression.","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"5456219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/5456219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34779290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Lipodystrophy among HIV-Infected Patients Attending Care and Treatment Clinics in Dar es Salaam. 达累斯萨拉姆护理和治疗诊所艾滋病毒感染患者的脂肪营养不良

IF 1.7

AIDS Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-10-11 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3896539

Marina Njelekela, Rose Mpembeni, Alfa Muhihi, Nzovu Ulenga, Eric Aris, Deodatus Kakoko

{"title":"Lipodystrophy among HIV-Infected Patients Attending Care and Treatment Clinics in Dar es Salaam.","authors":"Marina Njelekela, Rose Mpembeni, Alfa Muhihi, Nzovu Ulenga, Eric Aris, Deodatus Kakoko","doi":"10.1155/2017/3896539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3896539","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV infection and long-term HAART use are associated with metabolic and morphological changes. We assessed prevalence, types, and risk factors associated with lipodystrophy among HIV-infected adults attending CTC in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: Analysis included 466 HIV-infected patients. Study protocol involved administration of structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and clinical information. Diagnosis of lipodystrophy was based on physician clinical assessment.Results: Lipodystrophy was present in 95 (20.4%) of the study participants, with lipoatrophy being the most common (49.5%) followed by mixed lipodystrophy (37.9%), and lipohypertrophy was the least prevalent (12.6%). Male gender, older age, long duration on HAART, and use of Stavudine containing regimen were associated with lipodystrophy (all p < 0.05). The risk for lipodystrophy was 1.6 times (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.01-2.72) for male participants and 13.3 times (AOR = 13.3, 95% CI = 6.4-27.7) for those on HAART. Long duration on HAART and use of Stavudine containing regimen were also associated with increased risk for lipodystrophy. Lipodystrophy was associated with poor perception about own body image and decreased social interactions.Conclusions: Lipodystrophy is common among HIV-infected patients in Tanzania, especially among male patients and those on HAART. Regular screening, monitoring, and patient awareness are needed for early identification and appropriate management.","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"3896539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/3896539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35571007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

A Critical Review of the Evidence Concerning the HIV Latency Reversing Effect of Disulfiram, the Possible Explanations for Its Inability to Reduce the Size of the Latent Reservoir In Vivo, and the Caveats Associated with Its Use in Practice. 关于双硫仑逆转HIV潜伏期作用的证据，其无法减少体内潜伏库大小的可能解释，以及与实际使用相关的注意事项的重要综述。

IF 1.7

AIDS Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-30 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8239428

Harry D J Knights

{"title":"A Critical Review of the Evidence Concerning the HIV Latency Reversing Effect of Disulfiram, the Possible Explanations for Its Inability to Reduce the Size of the Latent Reservoir In Vivo, and the Caveats Associated with Its Use in Practice.","authors":"Harry D J Knights","doi":"10.1155/2017/8239428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8239428","url":null,"abstract":"Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) effectively suppresses the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), improves immune function, and decreases the morbidity of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, it is unable to eradicate the virus because it does not eliminate latently infected cells. The latent reservoir poses the major barrier to an HIV-1 cure. The \"shock and kill\" strategy aims to reactivate the virus and destroy latently infected cells. Many latency reversing agents (LRAs) reactivate HIV in vitro, but the absence of damaging side-effects and efficacy in vivo make disulfiram particularly promising. However, in clinical trials to date, disulfiram treatment has not resulted in a reduction in the size of the latent reservoir. In this article I will therefore discuss the evidence for the latency reversing effect of disulfiram, the possible explanations for its inability to reduce the size of the latent reservoir in vivo, and the caveats associated with its use in practice. These considerations will help to inform judgements about the prospect of an HIV cure from disulfiram based treatments.","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"8239428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/8239428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34961795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Male Partners Involvement in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Services in Southern Central Ethiopia: In Case of Lemo District, Hadiya Zone. 埃塞俄比亚中南部男性伴侣参与预防艾滋病毒母婴传播服务的情况：以哈迪亚区莱莫县为例。

IF 1.7

AIDS Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-15 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8617540

Degefa Tadele Belato, Abera Beyamo Mekiso, Bayu Begashaw

引用次数: 0

Missed Testing Opportunities for HIV Screening and Early Diagnosis in an Urban Tertiary Care Center. 城市三级医疗中心错过的 HIV 筛查和早期诊断检测机会。

IF 1.7

AIDS Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5708620

Joseph DeRose, Jason Zucker, David Cennimo, Shobha Swaminathan

{"title":"Missed Testing Opportunities for HIV Screening and Early Diagnosis in an Urban Tertiary Care Center.","authors":"Joseph DeRose, Jason Zucker, David Cennimo, Shobha Swaminathan","doi":"10.1155/2017/5708620","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/5708620","url":null,"abstract":"Newark, New Jersey, is disproportionally affected by HIV with one of the highest prevalence rates in the United States. Rutgers New Jersey Medical School is a major healthcare provider to Newark's underserved population and has implemented a HIV testing program that can diagnose and link newly diagnosed individuals to care. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all new patients seen in the Infectious Disease Practice from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2014, to determine the proportion of patients with a missed testing opportunity (MTO) (patients with a new HIV diagnosis with an encounter at the institution in the 1 year prior to their first appointment). 117 newly diagnosed patients were identified. 36 (31%) had at least one MTO. A total of 34 (29%) of newly diagnosed patients had AIDS at presentation and 17% had CD4 counts of 50 cells/μL (p value 0.5). The two most common locations of a missed testing opportunity were the hospital ED (45%) and subspecialty clinics (37%). This study demonstrates that, even in a high prevalence institution with HIV counseling, testing, and referral service, HIV screening is lacking at multiple points of care and patients are missing opportunities for earlier diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"5708620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35199151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Efavirenz on Endogenous Progesterone Concentrations and Contraceptive Outcomes among Ugandan HIV Infected Women Coadministering Ethinylestradiol/Levonorgestrel. 依非韦伦对乌干达艾滋病病毒感染妇女服用炔雌醇/左炔诺孕酮的内源性孕酮浓度和避孕效果的影响。

IF 1.7

AIDS Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-07-31 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6531709

Grant Munkwase, Kuteesa R Bisaso, Othman Kakaire, Sarah Nanzigu

{"title":"Effect of Efavirenz on Endogenous Progesterone Concentrations and Contraceptive Outcomes among Ugandan HIV Infected Women Coadministering Ethinylestradiol/Levonorgestrel.","authors":"Grant Munkwase, Kuteesa R Bisaso, Othman Kakaire, Sarah Nanzigu","doi":"10.1155/2017/6531709","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/6531709","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the effect of efavirenz mid-dose plasma concentrations on mid-luteal endogenous progesterone concentrations and contraceptive outcomes among 49 HIV infected women coadministering ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel, including 34 HIV positive women on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and 15 HAART naïve HIV infected women, purposively selected from Mulago Hospital, Uganda. A blood sample was collected once between days 20 and 22 of each woman's menstrual cycle for measuring endogenous progesterone and efavirenz concentrations by electrochemiluminescence technology and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation and logistic regression analysis were done using SPSS v.21 and R3.1. Efavirenz showed a weak positive linear relationship with endogenous progesterone at efavirenz concentrations below 12 μg/ml. Based on serum endogenous progesterone, the observed hormonal contraceptives failure rate (24.5%) was higher than expected (maximum 8%). A higher proportion of HIV positive women on efavirenz based HAART (26.5%) was at risk of contraceptive failure than their HIV infected HAART naïve counterparts (20%) though it was not statistically significant (p = 0.63). Efavirenz mid-dose plasma concentrations seem to have no significant effect on mid-luteal endogenous progesterone concentrations and contraceptive outcomes among HIV infected Ugandan women coadministering ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel oral pills.","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2017 ","pages":"6531709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5555015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35341484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV Epidemic in Tanzania: The Possible Role of the Key Populations. 坦桑尼亚的艾滋病毒流行:关键人群可能发挥的作用。

IF 1.7

AIDS Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-08-17 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7089150

Bonaventura C T Mpondo, Daniel W Gunda, Semvua B Kilonzo

引用次数: 23