AIDS Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Sex Differences in Patient-Reported Outcomes Among People Living With HIV Switching to an Oral Dual Therapy: Results From the PROBI Study.","authors":"Tristan Alain, Fabienne Marcellin, Pascal Bessonneau, Laurent Hocqueloux, Holger Muehlan, Clotilde Allavena, David Zucman, Ester Villalong-Olives, Olivier Chassany, Martin Duracinsky","doi":"10.1155/arat/1850783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/arat/1850783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Socioeconomic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors-beyond just biological and hormonal factors-drive sex differences in HIV outcomes. The PROBI study evaluated treatment acceptability, perceived toxicity, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) among people living with HIV (PLWH) switching from multiple antiretroviral therapy to oral dual therapy. Higher treatment discontinuation rates were observed among women, prompting this analysis of sex-based HRQL differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HRQL, treatment acceptability, and symptom burden data were collected at treatment switch (D0) and at 1 and 6 months afterward (M1 and M6). Higher scores indicated greater symptom burden (HIV-SI), better HRQL (PROQOL-HIV), or better treatment acceptability. Sex differences were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, with overtime changes assessed via mixed-effects linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 260 PLWH (35% women, <i>n</i> = 92), with a mean age of 51 ± 12 years. Compared to men, women were more frequently born in sub-Saharan Africa (46% vs. 12%), had lower educational attainment (20% vs. 41% with university degrees), and higher rates of obesity (29% vs. 9% with BMI ≥ 30). While no virologic failures occurred, treatment discontinuation was higher among women (15% vs. 5%). Over time, all participants showed improvements in symptom burden (-2 points), treatment-related HRQL (+5 points), mental/cognitive HRQL (+4 points), and treatment acceptability (+6 points). However, women consistently demonstrated worse cognitive and mental HRQL scores compared to men (mean difference: -7 points).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While dual therapy improved treatment acceptability and HRQL for both sexes, women maintained lower mental and cognitive HRQL scores. Enhanced patient-provider communication may help identify HRQL changes, especially among women who face higher treatment discontinuation risk.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04788784.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1850783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipids and Body Mass Index in Antiretroviral-Experienced People With HIV on Doravirine-Based Treatments: A Comparison Between Dual or Triple Regimen Versus Bictegravir-Based Triple Regimen.","authors":"Paolo Maggi, Addolorata Masiello, Barbara Menzaghi, Eleonora Sarchi, Rita Bellagamba, Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò, Filippo Lagi, Antonio Cascio, Stefania Piconi, Lucia Taramasso, Nicola Squillace, Benedetto Maurizio Celesia, Emanuele Pontali, Maria Aurora Carleo, Elena Salomoni, Sergio Ferrara, Giordano Madeddu, Goffredo Angioni, Stefano Rusconi, Salvatore Martini, Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio, Katia Falasca, Gabriella Chieffo, Olivia Bargiacchi, Deborah Fiordelisi, Giancarlo Orofino, Elena Delfina Ricci, Antonio Di Biagio, Paolo Bonfanti","doi":"10.1155/arat/2040298","DOIUrl":"10.1155/arat/2040298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in antiretroviral-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH) starting therapy with two doravirine (DOR)-based regimens (dolutegravir (DTG)/DOR or lamivudine (3TC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/DOR). <b>Methods:</b> Data from the Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals (SCOLTA) prospective database, including all experienced PLWH who started treatment with DTG/DOR and 3TC/TDF/DOR. To obtain a comparable sample, subjects on emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/bictegravir (BIC) were matched 1:1 (by sex, age (±1 year), at least one between dyslipidemia and statin use) with those on 3TC/TDF/DOR. <b>Results:</b> Among 355 PLWH on viral suppression, the median age was 53 years; men represented 74.9% of the sample. At baseline, 147 people treated with FTC/TAF/BIC had a better lipid profile and lower CD4 cell count than 147 people treated with 3TC/TDF/DOR; diabetes was less frequent in the latter group. After 6 and 12 months, the BMI did not significantly change in any of the groups. Total cholesterol (TC) level significantly declined in PLWH on 3TC/TDF/DOR but not in FTC/TAF/BIC and remained unchanged in DTG/DOR. LDL-C showed a similar trend, with the most marked decline in the 3TC/TDF/DOR group and no difference in FTC/TAF/BIC. The TC/HDL-C ratio declined significantly in 3TC/TDF/DOR and DTG/DOR but not in FTC/TAF/BIC. Over the entire observation period (median 18 months, interquartile range 10-30), 43 (12.1%) PLWH interrupted the cohort drug, mainly because of adverse events (<i>n</i> = 15), with 12 lost to follow-up and 12 simplifications. <b>Conclusions:</b> The regimens were well tolerated in terms of lipid profile and BMI. Persons treated with 3TC/TDF/DOR triple regimen showed a better lipid profile, as expected, whereas those on DTG/DOR did not show any significant changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2040298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminatory Attitudes Towards People Living With HIV Among Key Populations in Nigeria: A Latent Class Analysis.","authors":"Babayemi O Olakunde, Daniel A Adeyinka, Chukwugozie Ujam, Ashenafi S Cherkos, Hidayat B Yahaya, Stanley Eneh, Chinwendu D Ndukwe, James O Anenih","doi":"10.1155/arat/1843342","DOIUrl":"10.1155/arat/1843342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> HIV-related discrimination remains a significant barrier to the uptake of HIV prevention and treatment services in sub-Saharan Africa among key populations (KPs). However, despite the substantial risk of HIV among peers within their social networks, there is a paucity of data on their attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). This study aimed to examine discriminatory attitudes towards PLHIV among KPs in Nigeria. <b>Methods:</b> This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2020 Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey in Nigeria, which included 17,975 KPs. We operationalized discriminatory attitudes as negative responses to questions on caring for PLHIV, buying food from PLHIV, working with PLHIV, sharing a meal with PLHIV, and a positive response to quarantining PLHIV. We conducted weighted descriptive statistics to summarize the data, and latent class analysis was used to determine the patterns of discriminatory attitudes. The predicted probabilities of the classes for each KP characteristic were estimated while holding all other characteristics in the model at their means. The data analysis was conducted using Stata 18. <b>Results:</b> About 13.5% of participants indicated they would not provide care for PLHIV , 29.7% would not buy food from them, 15.8% would not work with them, 27.9% would not share a meal with them,and 16.3% believed that PLHIV should be quarantined. Three latent classes of discriminatory attitudes were identified: low discriminatory attitude (65%), moderate discriminatory attitude (23%), and high discriminatory attitude (11%). The highest predicted probability of high discriminatory attitude was observed among KPs with unknown HIV status (42%), followed by those residing in the Southeast region (39.7%). <b>Conclusion:</b> Discriminatory attitudes towards PLHIV are common among KPs in Nigeria. Interventions aimed at reducing HIV-related discrimination should also target KPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1843342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migratory Movements and Its Effect on the Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of HIV Infection in Quito, Ecuador.","authors":"Andrés Montalvo Vásquez, María José Molestina, Rosa Terán Terán, Iván Emilio Viteri Basso, Daniel Garzón Chávez, Jesús Elías Dawaher","doi":"10.1155/arat/6901278","DOIUrl":"10.1155/arat/6901278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Establish the effect that migration has on the epidemiology and clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a specialized HIV clinic of a hospital in Quito, Ecuador. <b>Patients and Methods:</b> A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out, through a survey of 293 people living with HIV (PLWHA) between 2017 and 2019, which included sociodemographic and clinical variables that were taken from the medical records of each participant. <b>Results:</b> 90.4% of PLWHA were men. 74.4% reported a monthly economic income lower than the basic wave (46.8% were unemployed). 51.9% of PLWHA were from Ecuador and 39.9% of Venezuelan nationality. 39.5% of the PLWHA had a late-advanced diagnosis of the disease. And 78.2% of PLWHA had a current viral load (VL) less than 50 copies/mm³. When comparing national and foreign patients, variables with statistically significant differences were found between both groups, and no differences were found in other variables. <b>Conclusions:</b> In certain aspects, there are no statistical differences between Ecuadorians and Venezuelans such as sex, bisexual sexual preference, marital status, and changes in antiretroviral scheme, among others. It was found that there were higher levels of education, employment rates, and male-female ratio in the foreign population compared to the national population, where probably social dynamics are playing a key factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6901278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy: Outcomes From a Cross-Sectional Study in Accra, Ghana.","authors":"Vincent Ganu, Kwasi Torpey, Margaret Lartey, Delali Fiagbe, Magdalene Akos Odikro, Veronika Shabanova, Elijah Paintsil, Ernest Kenu","doi":"10.1155/arat/3249809","DOIUrl":"10.1155/arat/3249809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Systematic screening for depression among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALHIV) is limited or nonexistent in some settings in sub-Saharan Africa due to the lack of integration of mental healthcare into HIV program. This can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and cause emotional distress, which can have an adverse effect on their treatment outcomes. Establishing evidence of the burden of depression among AYALHIV is key for advocacy for systematic screening. This study examined the burden of depressive symptoms and associated factors among AYALHIV in Ghana. <b>Methods:</b> A single-center facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among AYALHIV at the Infectious Disease Center of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, from May 2023 to March 2024. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the administration of the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A). The prevalence of depressive symptoms (PHQ-A score ≥ 5) and associated factors was examined using logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> A total of 280 AYALHIV were recruited with 50.7% being female. Sixty percent were young adults, and the rest were adolescents. About 75% were virally suppressed. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 40.7% (95% CI: 34.9%-46.7%). Being an orphan (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.2-5.6), female (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0), and having high perceived stigma (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.7) were associated with having depressive symptoms. Viral nonsuppression was associated with depressive symptoms but likely through its association with HIV stigma. <b>Conclusion:</b> Depressive symptom burden was high among AYALHIV despite viral suppression in the majority of them. There is a need for the design of mental health screening integration into youth-centered HIV programs based on context for early identification, counseling, and treatment of mental health challenges to ensure good quality of life and avert other mental health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3249809"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12390515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience and ART Adherence Among a Sample of Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sexual Minority Men With HIV.","authors":"Stephanie A Meyers-Pantele, Jonathan L Helm, Michael Miller-Perusse, Junye Ma, Keith J Horvath","doi":"10.1155/arat/8199608","DOIUrl":"10.1155/arat/8199608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While racial disparities in HIV antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence and viral suppression among sexual minority men (SMM) with HIV persist, resilience may serve as an important protective factor. There is, however, a dearth of research exploring the longitudinal associations between resilience and ART adherence among this group. As such, the current study examined prospective associations, including the between- and within-person effects, between resilience and ART adherence among racially diverse SMM with HIV. Data were drawn from <i>Thrive With Me</i> (TWM), a randomized controlled trial of an mHealth intervention targeting ART adherence among SMM. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) models examined longitudinal associations, including between- and within-person effects, between resilience scores and self-reported 30-day ART adherence, dichotomized as optimal (≥ 90% of doses) versus suboptimal (< 90% of doses) across the 17-month study timeframe, while controlling for covariates. Among 401 SMM with HIV that completed the TWM baseline assessment (<i>M</i> _age = 39.1 years, Standard Deviation = 10.8), 59.9% self-identified as Black/African American. In GEE models, resilience scores were prospectively associated with optimal 30-day ART adherence (<i>b</i> = 0.06, <i>β</i> = 0.38, <i>p</i> < 0.001), at the between-person level, above the effects of covariates. In moderation analyses, resilience scores were associated with optimal ART adherence among Black/African American SMM but not among those identifying as White or another race. These results suggest bolstering resilience may be an important strategy for future interventions aiming to improve ART adherence over time for racially and ethnically diverse SMM with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8199608"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dyslipidemia and Its Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Mohammed Jemal, Adane Adugna, Mamaru Getinet, Baye Ashenef, Gelagey Baye, Desalegn Abebaw, Zigale Hibstu Teffera, Wastina Bitewlign, Anemut Tilahun, Nuredin Chura Waritu, Tabarak Malik, Enyew Fenta Mengistu","doi":"10.1155/arat/6621097","DOIUrl":"10.1155/arat/6621097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Dyslipidemia is a prevalent public health concern among individuals living with HIV who are undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART), and it increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the introduction of improved medications like dolutegravir, there are limited data regarding the extent of dyslipidemia in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based ART. <b>Methods:</b> An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out from December 1, 2021, to February 30, 2022. Sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data were collected from 423 participants. Simple random sampling methods were used to recruit the participants. The collected data were entered in Epi-data Version 4.6 and analyzed via SPSS Version 26. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with dyslipidemia. A <i>p</i> value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of dyslipidemia was found to be 73.8%. Low HDL-C was the most common (61.2%), followed by elevated levels of TG (40.2%), high LDL-C (26%), and high TC (24.3%). Being female (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.04-3.02, <i>p</i>=0.034), insufficient physical activity (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1-2.67, <i>p</i>=0.048), being overweight (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.07-4.75, <i>p</i>=0.033), and being obese (AOR = 2.32, 95% CI: 0.86-6.25, <i>p</i>=0.045) were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. <b>Conclusion:</b> The prevalence of dyslipidemia among people living with HIV on a dolutegravir-based ART was high, occurring in nearly three-quarters of the participants. Being female, insufficient physical activity, and being overweight or obese were significantly associated with dyslipidemia among people living with HIV taking dolutegravir-based ART. Therefore, to avoid the disastrous effects of dyslipidemia, serum lipid profiles should be considered and evaluated in people living with HIV on a dolutegravir-based ART.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6621097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Dietary Diversity and Its Associated Factors Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adult Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Yihenew Sewale, Kassahun Dires Ayenew","doi":"10.1155/arat/9916549","DOIUrl":"10.1155/arat/9916549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Influence of dietary diversity is particularly concerning for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as they are more vulnerable to opportunistic infections. However, information on influence of dietary diversity in this study area remains scarce. Thus, this study aims to assess the influence of dietary diversity and its associated factors among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ethiopia. <b>Methods:</b> An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 participants between February and March 2023. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and a standardized checklist for ART. Data entry was performed using EpiData Version 3.1, and analysis was conducted using STATA Version 25. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dietary diversity, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) reported at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a significance level of <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b>Results:</b> The proportion of patients with adequate dietary diversity was 218 (52.9%; 95% CI: 48.1-58). Factors significantly associated with dietary diversity included educational status (AOR: 0.414, 95% CI: 0.174-0.985), family size of 4-6 (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.18-2.95), and WHO clinical stage III or IV (AOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-2.34). <b>Conclusions:</b> The study found that nearly half of HIV-infected adult patients had an undiversified diet. Occupation being housewives and drivers, educational status of unable to write and read, WHO advanced HIV stage III and IV, and family size of 4-6 were statically significant factors associated with undiversified diet. We strongly recommend that policymakers, researchers, and nongovernmental organizations collaborate to implement holistic nutritional interventions to address dietary challenges and improve the overall health of people living with HIV/AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9916549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in HIV Treatment and Vaccine Development: Emerging Therapies and Breakthrough Strategies for Long-Term Control.","authors":"Olalekan John Okesanya, Racheal Ahuoyiza Ayeni, Promise Amadin, Ifeanyi Ngwoke, Blessing Olawunmi Amisu, Bonaventure Michael Ukoaka, Mohamed Mustaf Ahmed, Tolutope Adebimpe Oso, Shuaibu Saidu Musa, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno","doi":"10.1155/arat/6829446","DOIUrl":"10.1155/arat/6829446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its identification in 1981, HIV has posed a global public health challenge, witnessing transformative advancements in treatment and prevention. This review summarizes recent novel therapeutic and preventive approaches for long-term HIV control, management, and elimination, and how global collaboration and technological innovations may advance HIV control efforts. This study highlights the progress and challenges in HIV treatment, emphasizing the effectiveness of current antiretroviral therapy (ART) in suppressing viral replication, reducing transmission, and preventing end-organ damage. However, adherence remains a significant barrier due to pill burden, side effects, and psychosocial factors affecting patients. ART-related toxicities include neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, metabolic disorders, and neuropsychiatric effects. Long-acting ART (LA-ART) offers a promising alternative to daily dosing; however, challenges such as injection site reactions persist. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have shown enhanced efficacy in viral suppression and immune response activation, offering potential for treatment and vaccine design. Innovative gene-editing tools, such as CRISPR-Cas systems, are being explored for their ability to excise or silence proviral DNA; however, their clinical application is limited by off-target effects and delivery challenges. Latency-targeting strategies like \"shock and kill\" and \"block and lock\" remain experimental with limited clinical success, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems offer targeted, sustained, and less toxic treatment options. Despite the challenges posed by the virus's rapid mutation rate and immune evasion mechanisms, novel vaccine approaches, such as mRNA technology, vector-based platforms, and epitope-targeting strategies, are being explored. In addition, artificial intelligence and machine learning are enhancing the design of vaccines, predictive modeling, and fast-tracking progress in this area. Socio-economic bottlenecks in HIV control, such as stigma, gender disparities, and inequitable healthcare access, exacerbate the epidemic, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Enhancing global collaboration, providing sustainable funding, and integrating emerging and innovative technologies are critical for advancing HIV prevention and management. Achieving an AIDS-free generation and ultimately eliminating the epidemic will depend on effectively addressing the social, structural, and scientific barriers that hinder progress in this regard. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02120352, NCT02938520, NCT03639311, NCT03497676, NCT03635788.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6829446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12253998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Magnitude and Associated Factors of Early Index Case Testing Among Adult HIV Index Cases at Debre Markos Town High Load Health Facilities 2023.","authors":"Dessie Tarekegn, Samuel Derbie Habtegiorgis, Animut Takele Telayneh, Kalkidan Worku Mitiku, Adane Adugna, Dawit Alemayehu, Muluken Teshome","doi":"10.1155/arat/8237131","DOIUrl":"10.1155/arat/8237131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing of partners or families of the index case is an innovative type of testing which is performed within 14 days after contact elicitation using a contractual referral approach. Testing within this time is very important because it helps to identify contacts early and enroll them for intervention timely. In most health facilities, the contractual approach was not practiced; by implementing this early index case testing, most contacts could be tested early and it could prevent them from HIV-related death. <b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of early index case testing among adult HIV index cases in Debre Markos town high case load health facilities. <b>Methods:</b> Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on adult index cases who started antiretroviral therapy from December 1/2018 to August 30/2022. A total of 384 index case charts were selected by the systematic random sampling technique using their medical record number from January 23/2023 up to February 28/2023. After the data were collected using a structured checklist, they were entered into EpiData Version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS software Version 25 for data cleaning, coding, categorizing, and further analysis. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test goodness of fit was checked for model fitness. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant factors with early testing of index cases' families. Finally, variables having <i>p</i>value < 0.05 with 95% CI in the multivariable logistic regression are considered as significant factors. <b>Result:</b> In this study, the magnitude of early index case testing among adult index patients was 28.6% (95% CI: 27.17%-30.0%). Being female (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.17-3.06)), urban resident index cases (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI (1.16-3.03)), and having disclosure status (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI (1.40-3.92)) were significantly associated with early index case testing. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study examines the prevalence and key factors influencing early index case HIV testing among adult patients in Debre Markos town. By identifying critical determinants such as gender, residence, and disclosure status, it provides valuable insights into how early testing can be enhanced to reduce transmission and improve health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46303,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8237131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}