International Journal最新文献

{"title":"Europe: Divided Over AUKUS and China","authors":"H. Mouritzen","doi":"10.1177/00207020231197197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231197197","url":null,"abstract":"The AUKUS deterrence strategy towards China contrasts with the more cooperative EU Indo-Pacific strategy. In Europe, this can be traced to the fact that the UK and France/Germany support different geopolitical world views. European (and possibly Western) cohesion requires that geographical and geo-economic heterogeneities, together with Chinese wedging, are overcome. This can only happen, if at all, if the expensive partner receives a significant “solidarity reward.”","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"454 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42239349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire","authors":"Jessi A. J. Gilchrist","doi":"10.1177/00207020231198201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231198201","url":null,"abstract":"Most revisionist scholars would agree that the British Empire was far from a benign actor. It was an extraordinarily brutal and violent one. In her new monograph, Caroline Elkins proposes to deepen our understanding of why British imperialists not only embraced large-scale violent measures, but how they legitimated them over time. Elkins takes the existing revisionist view one step further with the provocative argument that violence was in fact at the very core of liberal imperialist ideology. Legacy of Violence narrows in on exceptional episodes from the mid-eighteenth century onward to show that crises of imperial legitimacy served to justify the increasing use of both physical and epistemological violence in imperial governance. Within the civilizing mission, violence had a particular “moral effect.” For Elkins, it is this combination of reform and repression inherent in liberalism that explains why the British Empire remained so resilient for centuries. The major contribution in Part I, “Imperial Nation,” is to the scholarly debate on Britain’s “first” and “second” empire. Scholars such as C.A. Bayly have argued that Britain’s “first” empire in the pre-nineteenth century Americas embraced the widespread use of violence through enslaved labour and dispossession, but that this violence diminished in the nineteenth century when liberalism emerged at home and the “second” empire took on more grandiose global aims. Elkins counters that the roots of British imperial violence in the twentieth century grew out of nearly two hundred years of ideas, debates, and practices circulating across the empire. Part I begins in 1756 with the well-known story of the Warren Hastings’s impeachment trial for his widespread corruption and misconduct in Bengal. The evolving debate about accountability and legitimacy emerging from this case marked the “beginnings of a consolidated liberal imperialism.” From then on, Britain’s “second” empire repeatedly confronted the question not of how to mitigate state violence, but of how to incorporate it into the rule of law and the principles of good governance.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"487 - 490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41909596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Peacebuilding Legacy: Programming for Change and Young People’s Attitude to Peace","authors":"Alina Dixon","doi":"10.1177/00207020231198210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231198210","url":null,"abstract":"A critical challenge faced by both peacebuilding scholars and practitioners is the failure of a normative approach to peacebuilding, one that is largely technocratic and programmatic, to achieve lasting peace. Following the limited successes of what is now referred to as the “liberal peace paradigm” after conflicts in places such as Rwanda, the DRC, Iraq, and many others in the late 1990s and early 2000s, many have suggested shifting towards more locally guided peacebuilding. As alternatives such as this “local turn” have been proposed, a rift has emerged between status-quo technocrats and advocates for transformative change through more “radical” or critical ideologies. At the heart of this debate is a question of the relevancy of liberal peacebuilding norms in societies where such norms have little, if any, resonance. In her new book, Peacebuilding Legacy: Programming for Change and Young People’s Attitude to Peace, Sukanya Podder tackles the fissure between technocratic and transformative peacebuilding. She addresses the extent to which peacebuilding initiatives positively shape attitudes towards peace over the long term. To do so, she investigates the fundamental question of whether a technocratic approach to peacebuilding is effective in building sustainable change after conflict. More specifically, Podder examines the uptake of liberal norms in peacebuilding programs and the ability of these norms to transform intergeneration and intergroup relations at the local level. Peacebuilding Legacy contributes to an important conversation regarding the relationship between the theoretical ideals of peacebuilding and their practical application and therefore is relevant for both scholarly and practitioner audiences.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"490 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43017533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The AUKUS umbrella: Australia-US relations and strategic culture in the shadow of China's rise","authors":"Lloyd Cox, Danny Cooper, B. O'connor","doi":"10.1177/00207020231195631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231195631","url":null,"abstract":"In September 2021, Australia, the US, and the United Kingdom entered into a new trilateral security pact, AUKUS. Central to AUKUS is Australia acquiring nuclear-powered submarines, scheduled to begin delivery in the 2030s. AUKUS was announced by Australia's previous conservative government, but it has also won the strong support of the new Labor government. The rationale behind AUKUS emphasizes growing security challenges in the Indo-Pacific and the advantages of joint capabilities and interoperability in the context of China's growing assertiveness in the region. This article examines AUKUS through the lens of China's rise and the contradictory economic and security imperatives that the agreement poses for Australia. We argue that AUKUS is the latest expression of Australia's strategic culture, which is premised on a fear of abandonment and a conviction that Australia's core security interests can only be guaranteed by the support of the US. Yet this position harbours risks that are not widely acknowledged. These include risks to Australia's sovereignty and other risks arising from the uncertainties of the US position in Asia and the volatility of US domestic politics.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"307 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47244551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bound to Lead: US-Taiwan Relations, Security Networks, and The Future of AUKUS","authors":"Christina Lai","doi":"10.1177/00207020231197761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231197761","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021 the US, UK, and Australia established a trilateral security partnership known as AUKUS. This new security arrangement carries strategic implications for Taiwan's national security and prospects for regional order in Asia. It also leads to empirical puzzles: how will members of multiple alliances respond to rising threats? Under what conditions can a patron state avoid unwanted entrapment and imperial overstretch? This article contributes to existing scholarship in US foreign policy and alliance management in Asia. It offers concrete thoughts on how a US policy of strategic clarity toward Taiwan and its contingency would enhance AUKUS's resilience, while US allies in Asia and Europe could maintain a collective stance of strategic ambiguity that would lessen internal tensions among the member states. Such an arrangement could not only help stabilize Asia's regional order, but also secure Taiwan's autonomy against Beijing's forced reunification.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"417 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48019738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editor's Introduction: AUKUS among Democracies","authors":"Srdjan Vucetic","doi":"10.1177/00207020231198134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231198134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: People, Politics and Purpose: Biography and Canadian Political History","authors":"P. M. Boehm","doi":"10.1177/00207020231198035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231198035","url":null,"abstract":"work could benefit from a few concepts from Political Science. While historians are typically allergic to causal analysis, certain analytical possibilities should not be elided so easily. Finally, we come to the keyword in the title: “confronting” SaddamHussein. In the conclusion, Leffler makes a provocative argument that Bush “decided to confront Hussein— not invade Iraq.” However, the distinction between “confrontingHussein” and “not invading Iraq” goes unexplained. Moreover, it carries major implications that raise more questions than Leffler answers. When did confronting Hussein become invading Iraq? When did invasion become inevitable? Why did the US invade Iraq in March 2003 and not some other time? Did Bush take the prospect of war seriously? If the intention was to confront Saddam, and not invade Iraq, then what accounts for invasion? This opens the possibility that invading happened by accident, or at least, for reasons that are not explained in this book. Clearly, Confronting Saddam Hussein will not be the last word on the Iraq War. Twenty years after the event, it stands as a valuable reminder of what we know and of what remains unknown.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"481 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41562166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Socialist Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement: Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic Imaginaries","authors":"Gloria Novovic","doi":"10.1177/00207020231198058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231198058","url":null,"abstract":"initiative when cautionary flags are raised at both the political and bureaucratic levels. Second, Ryan Touhey’s piece on former practitioner John Hadwen, “A Journey Without Maps: John Hadwen in India 1979–83,” assesses the policy impact of a foreign service officer who through an illustrious career became high commissioner to India at a time when improved relations with the world’s largest democracy mattered and access to the top was key. Hadwen recognized the importance of commercial relations, the need to get beyond India’s weaponization of Canadian nuclear technology for its own ends, and used his impressive access to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to great effect, even when Ottawa seemed to drop the ball. Yet in this volume, P.E. Bryden and P. Whitney Lackenbauer bring out the humanity that can both characterize and take biography to a new, expanded level of which John English would be proud. In their respective contributions on “Scandal and the Decentring of Canadian Biography: The Case of Gerda Munsinger” and “Competing Biographies: How James Gladstone became Canada’s First Indigenous Senator,” both tell complex and interesting stories of their protagonists. Bryden sets out the compelling story of an immigrant who found herself in the centre of an early 1960s political sex scandal that in the end had no great national security implications but served to titillate the ruling class in Ottawa and those paying attention across the country. It simply and compellingly offers biography as a window into an ordinary life. Lackenbauer describes a story dear to me as I pass by James Gladstone’s bust every day as I enter the Senate. His analysis of how Gladstone came to be chosen over other leading indigenous personalities by Prime Minister John Diefenbaker is a story of noble intentions, the difficulty of a selection process, regional politics, testing the public pulse, and dignity for Indigenous peoples. It is a fascinating read. In his conclusion, John Milloy refers to biography as being “relatable, respectful, realistic, and relevant.” The authors of the essays in this interesting and very readable volume achieve this. They readily demonstrate that modern Canadian biography can easily follow these guidelines and can move into newer analytical paradigms. In many ways, John English has blazed a trail for others to follow, encouraging their own passion for reason in the treatment of their subjects.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"483 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44847682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AUKUS and Southeast Asia's Ontological Security Dilemma","authors":"A. Umar, Yulida Nuraini Santoso","doi":"10.1177/00207020231197767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231197767","url":null,"abstract":"What does AUKUS mean for Southeast Asia? While some Southeast Asian countries are critical of the new pact, others appear to be more positive or, at least, neutral towards it. We argue that Southeast Asian responses to AUKUS are characterised by a new ontological security dilemma with three different characteristics. First, Southeast Asian countries—particularly Indonesia and Malaysia—face the dilemma of maintaining a balance of power and regional stability amid an environment of increasing engagement with extra-regional actors. A second dilemma relates to the region's need for security against extra-regional threats, primarily from China, which led several Southeast Asian countries—such as Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines—to support AUKUS, either explicitly or implicitly. Third is ASEAN's organisational dilemma of how to strategically utilise its regional frameworks to respond to AUKUS amid the divergent views of major Southeast Asian countries. We then address efforts to mitigate the regional security dilemma by reconsidering ASEAN regional frameworks and rethinking the role of the ASEAN chairman to deal with major regional security issues.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"435 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41465295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Confronting Saddam Hussein: George W. Bush and the Invasion of Iraq","authors":"Aaron Ettinger","doi":"10.1177/00207020231198023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231198023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"479 - 481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43999992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}