International Journal最新文献

{"title":"Gorgeous but dangerous: Comparing Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town’s soft-power struggles","authors":"Janis van der Westhuizen","doi":"10.1177/00207020231165523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231165523","url":null,"abstract":"How do deeply unequal cities in the Global South project soft power, and what are the tensions and contradictions that emerge when they do? Cities’ strategies to enhance their international appeal can be gauged through three interlocking or complementary approaches: first, leveraging the strategic value of events and associated services; second, developing iconic architecture and mega-projects; and third, making themselves attractive to the so-called “creative class.” Drawing on a brief comparative analysis of Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town, these strategies are assessed in relation to the dynamics of soft power and soft disempowerment. Although Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town share formidable resources to generate soft power, their societal complexities of crime and violence cast a heavy disempowering shadow on their innovative soft power strategies.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"674 - 692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43236426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Making and Breaking Settler Space: Five Centuries of Colonization in North America","authors":"Liam Midzain-Gobin","doi":"10.1177/00207020231165519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231165519","url":null,"abstract":"market value constantly adds layers of conflict. As academics and other commentators have noted, many companies also perceived themselves, or were perceived, as “unpunishable.” Emulating political patronage structures, mine sites may present themselves as positive and beneficial while they are exploitative and dangerous to many. More challenging in this globally competitive industry is the influence of China’s foreign policy objectives, addressed by several authors in this section. China takes no issue with the sometimes-weak governance of African states and is content to disregard corruption, conflict, or other local social abuses in order to access mines. While not immune to similar charges, Western companies are held to international standards that China is not. INGOs are forcing cleaner definitions, standards, and expectations. Slowly, both local and host investor politics are producing “more nuanced agreements.” Finally, in their concluding chapter, Andrews, Edward Akuffo, and Grant observe that none of the included case studies point to an ideal mode of natural resources development. Each actor (state, corporation, community, NGO, IGO, INGO) presents various opportunities and drawbacks. Conflicting expectations, intentions, and understandings continue to grossly impede meaningful progress for people across the continent. The Global North’s increasing penchant toward the development of industrywide norms for mining sites around the world, while laudable, is still at its core imbued with colonialism and colonial superiority over the resource-rich countries of Africa. Whether natural resource development is a panacea or a Pandora’s box remains inconclusive.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"733 - 736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46777975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a transformative vision for gender and Canadian international policy: The role and impact of ‘feminist inside activists’","authors":"R. Tiessen, Nnenna Okoli","doi":"10.1177/00207020231163490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231163490","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the role of “feminist inside activists” in shaping the Canadian international policy landscape and provide examples of how government employees have actively promoted feminist and gender equality priorities. Specifically, this paper advances our understanding of how policy translates into action, and the transformative potential of agents of change in gender equality and feminist policy-making within Canada’s international policy machinery. Building on studies that identify the significant contributions of mid-level government employees who fight to keep gender equality a priority in government programming, we explore these contributions in the context of inside activism, documenting the significance of the work of both senior and mid-level government officials in advancing feminist policies and priorities. As an agency-focused analysis, this study complements and builds on critical feminist analyses of structural and systemic inequality.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"615 - 637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41354465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drowning man catching a straw: An explanation of Turkey’s history of rapprochements with Russia","authors":"Muhammet Koçak","doi":"10.1177/00207020231163058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231163058","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid-2010s Turkey-Russia relations gained a strategic dimension after the two nations began to work together in Syria and took bold steps to cooperate on defence and nuclear energy. This development was commonly regarded as a major shift in Turkish foreign policy. This article argues that the context in which the Turkey-Russia nexus operates is historically rooted. Since the nineteenth century, Russia almost has been the most critical threat to Turkey; and Turkey consistently sought to moderate this threat, mostly with Western assistance. But when Turkey either failed to subdue Russia or there was no significant threat, it would opt for rapprochement with Russia. An examination of the historical background of Turkey-Russia relations helps explain these nations’ contemporary dynamics with one another.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"713 - 725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48707562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China and the Soviet Union","authors":"L. Walmsley, Aitchen K. Wu","doi":"10.2307/40197565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40197565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40197565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42945792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La politique étrangère des États‐Unis","authors":"Louis Balthazar, C. David, J. Vaisse, L. Lüthi","doi":"10.3917/scpo.david.2022.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/scpo.david.2022.01","url":null,"abstract":"Fondements, acteurs, formulationCharles-Philippe David, Louis Balthazar, and Justin VaisseParis: Presses de Sciences Po, 2003, 382pp, 29.80 paper (ISBN 2-7246-0919-0)At a time when it seems that the leaders of the United States and France have lost their good manners and common sense over Iraq, it is reassuring that a French press is capable of publishing a book on US foreign policy devoid of the current polemical debate on alleged American arrogance in international affairs or supposedly traditional French intransigence. This is certainly intrinsically linked to the choice of the three co-authors: two senior francophone Canadian scholars based at the Observatoire sur les Etats-Unis de l'Universite du Quebec a Montreal and one French historian with research interests in US foreign affairs, French anti-Americanism and US francophobia.The book succeeds well in its obvious purpose of providing students and the interested lay audience with a concise and comprehensive overview of the foundations and the formulation of US foreign policy since the American Revolution. The co-authors chose wisely to depart from the format, traditional in the English-speaking world, of narrating US foreign policy in presidential chapters or as a clash between idealism and realism. Instead, they have opted to divide the book into three thematic parts consisting of three or four chapters each.The first part--foundations--covers the constitutional basis for the conduct of foreign relations, the national style, the great political arguments since 1776 and modern academic interpretations. This section, which comprehensively discusses the various academic interpretations of US foreign relations in short and concise sketches (including a very useful overview table), impressed this reviewer in particular and will prove helpful to students at the start of their studies of US foreign relations or political science. The second part--agents--covers not only core topics such as the presidency but also the internal structures and role of the bureaucracies in the foreign policy process. The inclusion of the Department of Homeland Security serves as a great example of the book's relevance to current affairs. However, this reviewer would have preferred to see the discussion of that particular department in the context of the National Security Council, which is extensively covered in its own chapter, and of the history of the rise of the national security state since 1945. …","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43291585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Poverty Narratives and Power Paradoxes in International Trade Negotiations and Beyond","authors":"Gonca Oguz Gok","doi":"10.1177/00207020221143293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020221143293","url":null,"abstract":"is that even in the 21 century, unionism not only remains but exists across the political spectrum. During Paul Martin’s government in the early 2000s, there was open speculation in the press about Canada absorbing Turks and Caicos. The same idea was advocated for in the right-wing Dorchester Review in 2014, and debated, two years later, at the federal New Democratic Party’s policy convention. Hastings’s remarkable and important book shows why it is that some Canadians still seek a place in the sun.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"537 - 539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48845871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interregnum: Governance in the new world disorder","authors":"W. Knight","doi":"10.1177/00207020221143277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020221143277","url":null,"abstract":"There is a crisis of global governance at this moment in our history -- a moment being labeled as 'the interregnum -- a moment of transition from one world order to another. The turbulence and disequilibrium of this moment in our history have triggered intense and growing interest in the concept and practice of governance at all levels. This is not a reflexive moment; it is a time for serious reflection and contemplation; a time for reconceptualizing ‘global governance’; an auspicious moment for constructing a new global governance paradigm. To assist in this introspective exercise, it may be important to shift from 'problem-solving' theorizing to a 'critical theory' approach that stands outside prevailing understandings of what global governance has come to mean and discard the oversimplified state-centric vision of world order; replacing it with the more nuanced 'summative' global governance - a concept that is more sophisticated and flexible than previous ones and may provide the needed space and time for us to transform the practice of global governance.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"485 - 502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41743605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Much ado about very little: Canada’s national interests in history and practice","authors":"A. Chapnick","doi":"10.1177/00207020221143279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020221143279","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since Canada failed to be elected to the United Nations Security Council as a non-permanent member in June 2020, there have been calls for Ottawa to realign Canadian foreign policy with the national interest. It is hardly the first time that such a plea has been made: critics advocated similarly in the 1870s, the 1930s, the 1960s, and the 2000s. Yet, in each case, they recommended a different policy solution. Having reviewed these episodes, this essay concludes that the real debate in Canadian foreign policy has never been about the national interest, per se. To borrow from the language of strategy, Ottawa’s critics have merely privileged different “ways” of achieving the same “ends,” while everyone yearns for the “means” to do more.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"515 - 528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41956289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eclectic political economies of a world disordered: Silences, interstices, agencies","authors":"D. Black, L. Swatuk","doi":"10.1177/00207020231157127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231157127","url":null,"abstract":"Post–World War II thinking about security, prosperity, and development emphasized macro-level explanations, applied across widely varied temporal and spatial scales. Western scholars of International Relations (IR) were preoccupied with questions of strategic balance and world order, typically focusing on possibilities for war and peace through one of two lenses, Realist or Idealist. Similarly, challenges of prosperity and development were understood in competing “modernization” or “dependency” terms, where “underdevelopment” was seen as the product of either “backward” states or an exploitative world system. In almost every case, the unit of analysis was the sovereign state operating in an anarchical inter-state (or international) system. Over time, many came to perceive these dominant explanations of (dis)order not only as deficient analytically but harmful in practice. Put differently, the actual course of world events rarely, if ever, matched the outcomes expected by the theorists. During the several decades of the Cold War, marked paradoxically by political and economic turmoil and rigidity, many scholars came to abandon dominant approaches, preferring to pursue more complex and multi-dimensional analyses of the sources of, and solutions for, insecurity and underdevelopment. For example, beginning in the 1970s, a critical current of development thought shifted emphasis to an array of both formal and informal actors, linking local, regional, and transnational dynamics, and highlighting diverse forms of agency, including a central role for civil society. Among scholars of IR, the so-called first “great debate” highlighted above was overlaid by second, third, and fourth “great debates,” none of which is close to being resolved and has led to an increasingly “post-paradigmatic” turn. This proliferation of perspectives is most readily reflected in the number and variety of sections comprising the International Studies Association (ISA). Up to the 1970s, the ISA “was largely [comprised of] scholars of the international system, mostly political scientist[s], almost all from the U.S. with a sprinkling of Canadians, many of whom had academic ties to the U.S., and about a dozen members from the Caribbean.” Today there are thirty sections, including Environmental Studies, Feminist Theory and Gender Studies, Global Development, Global Health Studies, International Political Economy, Religion and International Relations, and a section on Theory. Within most of these sections, there is a clear","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"389 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64776262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}