International Journal最新文献_第10页

The “secret war”: Silence, testimony, and wartime sexual violence “秘密战争”：沉默、证词和战时性暴力

IF 2.2 4区社会学

International Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231168900

Erin Baines, Ketty Anyeko

引用次数: 0

Decolonizing International Relations and Development Studies: What’s in a buzzword? 非殖民化国际关系与发展研究：流行语里有什么？

IF 2.2 4区社会学

International Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231166588

Maïka Sondarjee, N. Andrews

引用次数: 4

Book Review: Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms 书评：自主武器系统与国际规范

IF 2.2 4区社会学

International Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231163064

Amelia C. Arsenault

{"title":"Book Review: Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms","authors":"Amelia C. Arsenault","doi":"10.1177/00207020231163064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231163064","url":null,"abstract":"Technological advances in machine learning, predictive analytics, and machine vision have allowed for the development of weapons systems that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) into the target selection and engagement process. While many states are readily adopting this technology, the enhanced autonomy associated with Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) threatens to erode existing international norms, including the norm of meaningful human control over the use of force. In Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms, Ingvild Bode and Hendrik Huelss argue that states’ practices and behaviour, rather than formal legal negotiations, have already played a critical role in establishing international norms and “standards of appropriateness” for AWS. Proponents of AWS often cite the presumed military advantages associated with heightened degrees of weapons autonomy. Indeed, states’ interest in deploying these systems stems in part from their presumed ability to improve battlefield analysis, overcome enemy countermeasures, and reduce costs. However, AWS also pose considerable risks, including the erosion of international norms regarding the role of human decision-making in warfare. In light of this, scholars and activists have used international forums such as the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) to promote norms that would place legal restrictions on military autonomy and the use of AWS. However, Bode and Huelss point to disagreements between participants about the legal definition and acceptability of AWS and the intentional efforts on behalf of some states to promote vague or indeterminate rules to demonstrate that formal, deliberative negotiations are often unable to formulate clear, comprehensive","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"726 - 728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46037510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Book Review: Israel’s Moment: International Support for and Opposition to Establishing the Jewish State, 1945-1949 书评:《以色列的时刻:国际社会对建立犹太国家的支持和反对，1945-1949》

IF 2.2 4区社会学

International Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231163066

J. Cunningham

{"title":"Book Review: Israel’s Moment: International Support for and Opposition to Establishing the Jewish State, 1945-1949","authors":"J. Cunningham","doi":"10.1177/00207020231163066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231163066","url":null,"abstract":"tices with air defence systems necessarily will apply to AI weapons with offensive capabilities. The normative and ethical implications of autonomous air defence systems, designed to identify overhead threats and strike in response, may differ from those related to AI-powered systems that can identify and engage their targets with limited human involvement. While the air defence systems examined in this book have resulted in human casualties and certainly do inform perceptions of meaningful human control in an era of enhanced weapons autonomy, states and their citizens may feel differently about systems that were deliberately designed for offensive purposes. Thus, it remains unclear whether norms derived from practices with automated defence systems will necessarily apply to the AI-powered weapons systems of the future. Finally, the authors’ claim that international norms regarding the use of AI-powered weapons have already emerged before the full extent of AWS has even been realized may strike some readers as fatalistic. If legalistic, formal norms are fundamentally insufficient and procedural norms have already begun emerging in ways that erode meaningful human control, what can be done to set restrictions on the development and proliferation of these weapons? Ultimately, Bode and Huelss’ Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms makes a timely and important contribution to the fields of International Relations and International Security Studies at a time when global interest in AI and its military applications is growing. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on international norms and employs rich, detailed case studies to analyze the evolution of norms surrounding AI-powered weapons, making it important reading for those interested in international norms and emerging technologies.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"728 - 730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44346885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gorgeous but dangerous: Comparing Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town’s soft-power struggles 华丽但危险：比较里约热内卢和开普敦的软实力斗争

IF 2.2 4区社会学

International Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231165523

Janis van der Westhuizen

引用次数: 1

Book Review: Collapse: The Fall of the Soviet Union 书评:《崩溃:苏联的解体》

IF 2.2 4区社会学

International Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231166591

J. Lalande

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Making and Breaking Settler Space: Five Centuries of Colonization in North America 书评：创造和打破定居空间：北美殖民的五个世纪

IF 2.2 4区社会学

International Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231165519

Liam Midzain-Gobin

{"title":"Book Review: Making and Breaking Settler Space: Five Centuries of Colonization in North America","authors":"Liam Midzain-Gobin","doi":"10.1177/00207020231165519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231165519","url":null,"abstract":"market value constantly adds layers of conflict. As academics and other commentators have noted, many companies also perceived themselves, or were perceived, as “unpunishable.” Emulating political patronage structures, mine sites may present themselves as positive and beneficial while they are exploitative and dangerous to many. More challenging in this globally competitive industry is the influence of China’s foreign policy objectives, addressed by several authors in this section. China takes no issue with the sometimes-weak governance of African states and is content to disregard corruption, conflict, or other local social abuses in order to access mines. While not immune to similar charges, Western companies are held to international standards that China is not. INGOs are forcing cleaner definitions, standards, and expectations. Slowly, both local and host investor politics are producing “more nuanced agreements.” Finally, in their concluding chapter, Andrews, Edward Akuffo, and Grant observe that none of the included case studies point to an ideal mode of natural resources development. Each actor (state, corporation, community, NGO, IGO, INGO) presents various opportunities and drawbacks. Conflicting expectations, intentions, and understandings continue to grossly impede meaningful progress for people across the continent. The Global North’s increasing penchant toward the development of industrywide norms for mining sites around the world, while laudable, is still at its core imbued with colonialism and colonial superiority over the resource-rich countries of Africa. Whether natural resource development is a panacea or a Pandora’s box remains inconclusive.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"733 - 736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46777975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Natural Resource-Based Development in Africa: Panacea or Pandora’s Box? 书评:以自然资源为基础的非洲发展:万灵药还是潘多拉魔盒?

IF 2.2 4区社会学

International Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231163065

Gillian E. Hutchison

{"title":"Book Review: Natural Resource-Based Development in Africa: Panacea or Pandora’s Box?","authors":"Gillian E. Hutchison","doi":"10.1177/00207020231163065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231163065","url":null,"abstract":"With the question “Panacea or Pandora’s Box?”, editors Nathan Andrews, J. Andrew Grant, and Jesse Salah Ovadia examine a narrow dichotomy with respect to a hugely variable region, but ultimately demonstrate that choosing one is not possible. Africa’s natural resources do offer a hypothetical remedy (a panacea) to its historical, political, and sociological ills. However, the volume’s contributors highlight that the continent’s geographical wealth also creates considerable challenges, or a “Pandora’s Box.” The recognition of this false dichotomy is evident through each chapter. Generally, the book addresses land use in Africa. It largely considers mineral mining and also acknowledges oil and gas and agricultural ventures. In their introduction, Andrews, Grant, Ovadia, and Adam Sneyd stress the (re)evolving agenda of natural resources governance in Africa. While they recognise a “rejuvenated push,” because many hoped natural resources would be a “boon for Africa’s development,” the editors acknowledge the limited value of proposed governance initiatives that potentially add layers of complexity for the continent’s development. The second section of the book addresses governance and its changing focus with respect to land use and extraction in mineral, oil and gas, and farming operations. Chapters in this section speak to the social conflicts created by these economic ventures. Authors discuss the extraction industries’ notions of legitimacy, their contentious histories, and the need for social license renewal. In sum, authors consider the competing necessities of exploration, extraction, and farming. They weigh these with the disconnect between expectations and reality for many stakeholders. For example, Abigail Efua Hilson addresses powerful corporate influences and the accusation that “multinational corporations take advantage of weak monitoring systems” by governments. Perception plays a significant role as governments, corporations, stakeholders, and communities present competing claims of legitimacy to each other.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"731 - 733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47751170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards a transformative vision for gender and Canadian international policy: The role and impact of ‘feminist inside activists’ 迈向性别与加拿大国际政策的变革愿景:“内部女权主义者”的角色与影响

IF 2.2 4区社会学

International Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231163490

R. Tiessen, Nnenna Okoli

引用次数: 0

Drowning man catching a straw: An explanation of Turkey’s history of rapprochements with Russia 溺水男子抓稻草：土耳其与俄罗斯和解历史的解释

IF 2.2 4区社会学

International Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231163058

Muhammet Koçak

引用次数: 0