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Network Structure Impacts the Synchronization of Collective Beliefs 网络结构对集体信念同步性的影响
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340120
Madalina Vlasceanu, Michael J. Morais, Alin Coman
{"title":"Network Structure Impacts the Synchronization of Collective Beliefs","authors":"Madalina Vlasceanu, Michael J. Morais, Alin Coman","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>People’s beliefs are influenced by interactions within their communities. The propagation of this influence through conversational social networks should impact the degree to which community members synchronize their beliefs. To investigate, we recruited a sample of 140 participants and constructed fourteen 10-member communities. Participants first rated the accuracy of a set of statements (pre-test) and were then provided with relevant evidence about them. Then, participants discussed the statements in a series of conversational interactions, following pre-determined network structures (clustered/non-clustered). Finally, they rated the accuracy of the statements again (post-test). The results show that belief synchronization, measuring the increase in belief similarity among individuals within a community from pre-test to post-test, is influenced by the community’s conversational network structure. This synchronization is circumscribed by a degree of separation effect and is equivalent in the clustered and non-clustered networks. We also find that conversational content predicts belief change from pre-test to post-test.</p>","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"272 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Origins: The Critical Questions 数字起源:关键问题
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340121
Karenleigh A. Overmann
{"title":"Numerical Origins: The Critical Questions","authors":"Karenleigh A. Overmann","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Four perspectives on numerical origins are examined. The <em>nativist model</em> sees numbers as an aspect of numerosity, the biologically endowed ability to appreciate quantity that humans share with other species. The <em>linguistic model</em> sees numbers as a function of language. The <em>embodied model</em> sees numbers as conceptual metaphors informed by physical experience and expressed in language. Finally, the <em>extended model</em> sees numbers as conceptual outcomes of a cognitive system that includes material forms as constitutive components. If numerical origins are to be found, each perspective must address one or more critical questions that will require working across discipline boundaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Counterintuitiveness of Supernatural Dreams and Religiosity 超自然之梦与宗教信仰的反直觉性
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340114
Andreas Nordin, Pär Bjälkebring
{"title":"The Counterintuitiveness of Supernatural Dreams and Religiosity","authors":"Andreas Nordin, Pär Bjälkebring","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340114","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000One challenge for cognitive, evolutionary and anthropological studies of religion is to offer descriptions and explanatory models of the morphology and functions of supernatural dreaming, and of the religiosity, use of experience, and cultural transmission that are associated with these representations. The anthropological and religious studies literature demonstrates that dreaming, dream experience and narrative are connected with religious ideas and practices in traditional societies. Scholars have even proposed that dreaming is a primary source of religious beliefs and practice (here labelled DPSR theory). Using Barrett’s coding system, we measured a high frequency of minimally counterintuitive dream content among Hindu Nepalese, and we aim to quantify (1) the relation between counterintuitive imagery and reported likelihood to communicate dreams in general and to religious experts, (2) the relation between counterintuitive imagery and reported religiosity, and (3) the proclivity to communicate SA dreams among those who are more or less religious. These aims will then be related to the broader topic of (4) possible explanatory value of DPSR theory, or versions thereof, by framing the issue at the level of cultural transmission, religiosity and credibility of religious dream representations in relation to MCI theory. The article mainly draws upon data from ethnographic research among Hindu Nepalese.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48245938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Did a Little Birdie Really Tell Odin? Applying Theory of Mind to Old Norse Religion 小鸟真的告诉奥丁了吗？心灵理论在古挪威宗教中的应用
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340113
D. Taggart
{"title":"Did a Little Birdie Really Tell Odin? Applying Theory of Mind to Old Norse Religion","authors":"D. Taggart","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Theory of mind, the theory that humans attribute mental states to others, has become increasingly influential in the Cognitive Science of Religion in recent years, due to several papers which posit that supernatural agents, like gods, demons, and the dead, are accredited greater than normal knowledge and awareness. Using Old Norse mythology and literary accounts of Old Norse religion, supported by archaeological evidence, I examine the extent to which this modern perspective on religious theory of mind is reflected in religious traditions from the Viking Age. I focus especially on the extent to which superperception and superknowledge were attributed to Old Norse supernatural agents and the impact of this on expressions of religion; how the attribution of theory of mind varied with circumstances and the agents to which it was being attributed; and the extent to which features of religious theory of mind common in other societies were present in the historical North. On this basis, I also evaluate the usefulness of Old Norse historiography to Cognitive Science of Religion and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47680021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Do You Approach Positive Events or Do They Approach You? Linking Event Valence and Time Representations in a Dutch Sample 你是接近积极事件还是他们接近你？荷兰样本中事件价与时间表征的关联
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340115
A. Loermans, Björn B. de Koning, L. Krabbendam
{"title":"Do You Approach Positive Events or Do They Approach You? Linking Event Valence and Time Representations in a Dutch Sample","authors":"A. Loermans, Björn B. de Koning, L. Krabbendam","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340115","url":null,"abstract":"In order to think and talk about time, people often use the ego- or time-moving representation. In the ego-moving representation, the self travels through a temporal landscape, leaving past events behind and approaching future events; in the time-moving representation, the self is stationary and temporal events pass by. Several studies contest to the psychological ramifications of these two representations by, inter alia, demonstrating a link between them and event valence. These studies have, however, been limited to English speakers, even though language has been found to affect time representation. The present study therefore replicated Margolies and Crawford’s (2008) experiment on event valence and time representation amongst speakers of Dutch. Unlike Margolies and Crawford (2008), we do not find that positive valence leads to the endorsement of an ego-moving statement. Future studies will need to determine the ways through which language might moderate the relation between event valence and time representation.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47153737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Being Easy to Communicate Might Make Verdicts Based on Confessions More Legitimate 易于沟通可能会使基于供词的判决更合理
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340104
H. Mercier, Anne-Sophie Hacquin, N. Claidière
{"title":"Being Easy to Communicate Might Make Verdicts Based on Confessions More Legitimate","authors":"H. Mercier, Anne-Sophie Hacquin, N. Claidière","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In many judicial systems, confessions are a requirement for criminal conviction. Even if confessions are intrinsically convincing, this might not entirely explain why they play such a paramount role. In addition, it has been suggested that confessions owe their importance to their legitimizing role, explaining why they could be required even when other evidence has convinced a judge. But why would confessions be particularly suited to justify verdicts? One possibility is that they can be more easily transmitted from one individual to the next, and thus spread in the population without losing their convincingness. 360 English-speaking participants were asked to evaluate the convincingness of one of three justifications for a verdict, grounded either in a confession, eyewitnesses, or circumstantial evidence, and to pass on that justification to another participant, who performed the same task. Then, 240 English-speaking participants evaluated the convincingness of some of the justifications produced by the first group of participants. Compared to the other justifications, justifications based on confessions lost less of their convincingness in the transmission process (small to medium effect sizes). Modeling pointed to the most common forms the justifications would take as they are transmitted, and results showed that the most common variant of the justification based on a confession was more convincing (small to medium effect sizes).","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43181917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Cathedral with Disconnected Chapels? Reassessing the Cognitive Capacities of Neanderthals in Light of Recent Archaeological Discoveries 一个有不相连的小教堂的大教堂?根据最近的考古发现重新评估尼安德特人的认知能力
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340107
Cheng Liu
{"title":"A Cathedral with Disconnected Chapels? Reassessing the Cognitive Capacities of Neanderthals in Light of Recent Archaeological Discoveries","authors":"Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The reconstruction of hominins’ cognitive evolution has always been a crucial but challenging task. Researchers from various disciplines have tried to approach this issue, among which British archaeologist Steven Mithen’s cathedral model is regarded as one of the earliest and most creative attempts. In this model, he proposed that the Neanderthal’s mind is like a cathedral with disconnected chapels. Specifically, Neanderthals possessed advanced social, natural history, technical, and even linguistic intelligence modules, but the first three modules are isolated from each other, meaning they cannot effectively use the knowledge from one domain to address the issue of another domain. This article challenges his reconstruction of Neanderthals’ cognitive capacities by presenting multiple forms of archaeological evidence bearing on various kinds of cross-domain thinking that has arisen over the past two decades.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42853232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Folk Beliefs about Soul and Mind: Cross-Cultural Comparison of Folk Intuitions about the Ontology of the Person 民间心灵信仰：人的本体论民间直觉的跨文化比较
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340116
A. Gut, A. Lambert, Oleg Gorbaniuk, Robert Mirski
{"title":"Folk Beliefs about Soul and Mind: Cross-Cultural Comparison of Folk Intuitions about the Ontology of the Person","authors":"A. Gut, A. Lambert, Oleg Gorbaniuk, Robert Mirski","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present study addressed two related problems: The status of the concept of the soul in folk psychological conceptualizations across cultures, and the nature of mind-body dualism within Chinese folk psychology. We compared folk intuitions about three concepts – mind, body, and soul – among adults from China (N=257) and Poland (N=225). The questionnaire study comprised of questions about the functional and ontological nature of the three entities. The results show that the mind and soul are conceptualized differently in the two countries: The Chinese appear to think of the soul similarly to how they view the mind (importantly, they still seem to see it as separate from the body), while Poles differentiate it both in ontological and functional respects. The study provides important insights into cross-cultural differences in conceptualizing the soul as well as into the nature of Chinese mind-body dualism.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45228784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Narrow and Broad Faculties in System 1 and System 2: Toward Consensus in the Debate on Modularity 系统1和系统2的窄面和宽面：在模块性争论中走向共识
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340112
Norbert Francis
{"title":"Narrow and Broad Faculties in System 1 and System 2: Toward Consensus in the Debate on Modularity","authors":"Norbert Francis","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340112","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Research on learning, the structure of attained knowledge, and the use of this competence in performance has repeatedly returned to longstanding proposals about how to better understand proficient use of knowledge and how humans acquire it. The following article takes up an exchange between Chiappe & Gardner (2011) and Barrett & Kurzban (2012) on the concept of modularity, one of these proposals. Despite the disagreements expressed, a careful reading of the contributions shows that they also left us with lines of discussion that will eventually sort out the relevant hypotheses and integrate findings for future research. These lines of work will contribute to a clearer understanding of an updated version of the modularity hypothesis that is also compatible with evolutionary science perspectives on learning. How might the categories of domain-specific and domain-general correspond to the distinction between competence and performance and to that of narrow faculty and broad faculty?","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48129396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are Children Sensitive to What They Know?: An Insight from Yucatec Mayan Children 孩子们对他们所知道的事情敏感吗？：从尤卡特玛雅儿童看
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340106
Sunae Kim, Olivier Le Guen, B. Sodian, J. Proust
{"title":"Are Children Sensitive to What They Know?: An Insight from Yucatec Mayan Children","authors":"Sunae Kim, Olivier Le Guen, B. Sodian, J. Proust","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340106","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Metacognitive abilities are considered as a hallmark of advanced human cognition. Existing empirical studies have exclusively focused on populations from Western and industrialized societies. Little is known about young children’s metacognitive abilities in other societal and cultural contexts. Here we tested 4-year-old Yucatec Mayan (a rural native population from Mexico) by adopting a metacognitive task in which children’s explicit assessment of their own knowledge states about the hidden content of a container and their informing judgments (whether or not to inform an ignorant person about the hidden contents of a container) were assessed. Similar to previous studies, we found that Yucatec Mayan children overestimated their knowledge states in the explicit metacognitive task. However, in contrast with studies on Western children, we did not find the facilitating effect of the implicit informing task over the explicit task. These findings suggest that the early development of metacognition combines universal and culture-sensitive features.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48276966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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