Journal of Cognition and Culture最新文献_第10页

Ethnic Essentialism or Conciliatory Multiculturalism? The People’s Republic of China 民族本质主义还是和解的多元文化主义?中华人民共和国

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Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340093

Raymond Scupin

引用次数: 0

Children’s Ethno-National Flag Categories in Three Divided Societies 三个分裂社会中的儿童民族国旗类别

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Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340090

J. Dautel, Edona Maloku, A. T. Misoska, Laura K. Taylor

{"title":"Children’s Ethno-National Flag Categories in Three Divided Societies","authors":"J. Dautel, Edona Maloku, A. T. Misoska, Laura K. Taylor","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340090","url":null,"abstract":"Flags are conceptual representations that can prime nationalism and allegiance to one’s group. Investigating children’s understanding of conflict-related ethnic flags in divided societies sheds light on the development of national categories. We explored the development of children’s awareness of, and preferences for, ethnic flags in Northern Ireland, Kosovo, and the Republic of North Macedonia. Children displayed early categorization of, and ingroup preferences for, ethnic flags. By middlechildhood, children’s conflict-related social categories shaped systematic predictions about other’s group-based preferences for flags. Children of minority-status groups demonstrated more accurate flag categorization and were more likely to accurately infer others’ flag preferences. While most Balkan children preferred divided versus integrated ethnic symbols, children in the Albanian majority group in Kosovo demonstrated preferences for the new superordinate national flag. We discuss the implications of children’s ethno-national flag categories on developing conceptualizations of nationality and the potential for shared national symbols to promote peace.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"20 1","pages":"373-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45086326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Affective and Motivational Accounts of Moralizing COVID-19-Preventive Behaviors 对covid -19预防行为进行道德化的情感和动机解释

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Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2020-10-24 DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/JXHTC

Reina Takamatsu, May Cho Min, Jiro Takai

引用次数: 0

Cross-Cultural Differences in Strategies of Peer Persuasion of Hebrew-Speaking and Arabic-Speaking Children 希伯来语和阿拉伯语儿童同伴说服策略的跨文化差异

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Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340089

R. Karniol

引用次数: 1

The Fitness Relevance of Counterintuitive Agents 反直觉agent的适应度相关性

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Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340081

Thomas Swan, J. Halberstadt

{"title":"The Fitness Relevance of Counterintuitive Agents","authors":"Thomas Swan, J. Halberstadt","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Cognitive scientists have attributed the ubiquity of religious narratives partly to the favored recall of minimally counterintuitive (MCI) concepts within those narratives. Yet, this memory bias is inconsistent, sometimes absent, and without a functional rationale. Here, we asked if MCI concepts are more fitness relevant than intuitive concepts, and if fitness relevance can explain the existence and variability of the observed memory bias. In three studies, participants rated the potential threat and potential opportunity (i.e., fitness relevance) afforded by agents with abilities that violated folk psychology, physics, or biology (i.e., MCI abilities). As in previous work, agents with MCI abilities were recalled better than those with intuitive abilities. Additionally, agents with MCI abilities were perceived as greater threats, and as providing greater opportunities, than agents with intuitive abilities, but this perceived fitness relevance only mediated the memory bias when MCI abilities were used to accomplish disproportionally consequential outcomes. Minimally counterintuitive abilities that violated folk psychology were rated more intuitive and more of an opportunity than violations of folk physics or biology, while folk physics violations were recalled best. Explanations for these effects and their relevance to the cognitive science of religion are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"20 1","pages":"188-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15685373-12340081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45153715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Does Cognitive Structure Ground Social Structure? The Case of the Radical Enlightenment 认知结构是社会结构的基础吗?激进启蒙运动的案例

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Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340087

L. Fiddick

引用次数: 0

The Cultural Evolution of Oaths, Ordeals, and Lie Detectors 宣誓、考验和测谎仪的文化演变

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Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340080

H. Mercier

{"title":"The Cultural Evolution of Oaths, Ordeals, and Lie Detectors","authors":"H. Mercier","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In a great variety of cultures oaths, ordeals, or lie detectors are used to adjudicate in trials, even though they do not reliably discern liars from truth tellers. I suggest that these practices owe their cultural success to the triggering of cognitive mechanisms that make them more culturally attractive. Informal oaths would trigger mechanisms related to commitment in communication. Oaths used in judicial contexts, by invoking supernatural punishments, would trigger intuitions of immanent justice, linking misfortunes following an oath with perjury. These intuitions would justify the infliction of costs on oath takers in a way that appears morally justified. Ordeals reflect the same logic. Intuitions about immanent justice link a worse outcome following the ordeal with a guilty verdict. This link justifies the application of the ordeal, and the fixed costs involved (burning, poisoning). Lie detectors also rely on the creation of a link between a specified outcome and a guilty verdict. However, they do not rely on intuitions about immanent justice, but on a variety of intuitions ranging from the plausibly universal to the culturally idiosyncratic. As a result, lie detectors involve lower fixed costs than ordeals, and are less cross-culturally successful than oaths or ordeals.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15685373-12340080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46377328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A Case of Sustained Internal Contradiction: Unresolved Ambivalence between Evolution and Creationism 一个持续内部矛盾的案例：进化论和创造主义之间尚未解决的矛盾

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Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340088

S. Emlen Metz, D. Weisberg, Michael Weisberg

引用次数: 1

Violent CRED s toward Out-Groups Increase Trustworthiness: Preliminary Experimental Evidence 对外群体的暴力信任增加可信度:初步实验证据

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Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340084

Dan Řezníček, R. Kundt

{"title":"Violent CRED s toward Out-Groups Increase Trustworthiness: Preliminary Experimental Evidence","authors":"Dan Řezníček, R. Kundt","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340084","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the process of cultural learning, people tend to acquire mental representations and behavior from prestigious individuals over dominant ones, as prestigious individuals generously share their expertise and know-how to gain admiration, whereas dominant ones use violence, manipulation, and intimidation to enforce obedience. However, in the context of intergroup conflict, violent thoughts and behavior that are otherwise associated with dominance can hypothetically become prestigious because parochial altruists, who engage in violence against out-groups, act in the interest of their group members, therefore prosocially. This shift would imply that for other in-groups, individuals behaving violently toward out-groups during intergroup conflicts become simultaneously prestigious, making them desirable cultural models to learn from. Using the mechanism of credibility enhancing displays (CRED s), this article presents preliminary vignette-based evidence that violent CRED s toward out-groups during intergroup conflict increase the perceived trustworthiness of a violent cultural model.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"20 1","pages":"262-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15685373-12340084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43744753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Moral and Conventional Violations in Childhood: Brazilians Tolerate Less but Expect More Punishment than U.S. Americans 儿童时期的道德和传统违法行为：巴西人比美国人容忍更少但期望更多惩罚

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Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340085

Susana Kramer de Mesquita Oliveira, D. M. L. F. Mendes, Ebenézer A. de Oliveira, Luciana Pessoa

{"title":"Moral and Conventional Violations in Childhood: Brazilians Tolerate Less but Expect More Punishment than U.S. Americans","authors":"Susana Kramer de Mesquita Oliveira, D. M. L. F. Mendes, Ebenézer A. de Oliveira, Luciana Pessoa","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340085","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Brazilian and US American children were compared for differences in tolerance and punishment expectancy. We hypothesized that participants would be less tolerant and more punishing of moral than conventional violations; tolerance and punishment expectancy would relate with age; Brazilians would tolerate less and expect more punishment than US Americans; and social domain would moderate effects of age and nationality. The sample had 129 matched children from Brazil and the USA. Moral/conventional-violation vignettes were used. Mixed-model GLMs suggested that children were less tolerant and more punishing of moral than social-conventional violations. Age effects were significant for tolerance. Brazilians scored lower on tolerance and higher on punishment expectancy than US Americans; they also differentiated less between violation domains than US Americans. These and other results suggest that Brazilians tolerate less but expect more punishment for violations than US Americans. Discussion is based on cultural and socio-historical differences between the two nations.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"20 1","pages":"282-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15685373-12340085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42004687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0