Journal of Cognition and Culture最新文献

{"title":"Sentiments Organize Affect Concepts in Yasawa, Fiji: a Cultural Domain Analysis","authors":"Matthew M. Gervais","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340182","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, intensive research on emotion has advanced general theories of culture and cognition. Yet few theories can comfortably accommodate both the regularities and variation empirically manifest in affective phenomena around the world. One recent theoretical model (Gervais &amp; Fessler, 2017) aims to do so. The Attitude-Scenario-Emotion (<jats:sc>ASE</jats:sc>) model of sentiments specifies an evolved psychological architecture that potentiates <jats:italic>regular variation</jats:italic> in affective experience and behavior in lived interaction with social, ecological and normative contexts. This model holds that <jats:italic>sentiments</jats:italic> – functional networks of <jats:italic>bookkeeping</jats:italic> attitudes and <jats:italic>commitment</jats:italic> emotions – produce <jats:italic>context-dependent universals</jats:italic> in salient social-relational experiences, predictably patterning affect concepts. The present research aims to empirically evaluate implications of the <jats:sc>ASE</jats:sc> model of sentiments using quantitative data from 10 months of fieldwork in Indigenous iTaukei villages on Yasawa Island, Fiji. Study 1 is a series of structured interviews that aim to elicit the full breadth of the Yasawan affect lexicon. In freelists and sentence frames, Yasawans use distinct sets of terms to refer to “feelings about” particular people (<jats:italic>attitudes</jats:italic>), and “feelings because of” particular events (<jats:italic>emotions</jats:italic>). Study 2 uses a pile sort task to show that the salient features of Yasawan affective experience are social-relational dimensions of communion and power, while both <jats:sc>HCA</jats:sc> and <jats:sc>MDS</jats:sc> reveal distinct social attitudes – “love” (<jats:italic>lomani</jats:italic>) and “like’ (<jats:italic>taleitaki</jats:italic>), “respect” (<jats:italic>dokai</jats:italic>), “contempt” (<jats:italic>beci</jats:italic>), “hate” (<jats:italic>sevaki</jats:italic>), and “fear” (<jats:italic>rerevaki</jats:italic>) – anchoring the conceptual organization of Yasawan emotions. Study 3 uses hypothetical vignettes with a between-subjects attitude manipulation and Likert-style emotion ratings to show that these attitudes differentially moderate emotions across social scenarios; differences are both quantitative and qualitative; each attitude is emotionally pluripotent; and divergent attitudes (e.g., “love” and “hate”) produce the same emotions in starkly different situations – a predicted three-way interaction of attitude x scenario x emotion. These data are broadly consistent with <jats:sc>ASE</jats:sc> hypotheses; population variation in affective worlds may follow from differential engagement of universal attitude-emotion networks (<jats:italic>sentiments</jats:italic>) experienced across social, ecological and normative contexts.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Spoken Language on Performance of Cognitive Tests: the Indonesian Experience","authors":"Aria Saloka Immanuel, Heni Gerda Pesau, Ni Made Swasti Wulanyani, Augustina Sulastri, Gilles van Luijtelaar","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340187","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is a multicultural country with hundreds of local languages used by Indonesians with Bahasa Indonesia as a national language and used by the mass media, in formal conversation, at all levels of education, and in written language. This study aimed to investigate whether speaking Bahasa Indonesia in public and at home or not, and whether speaking only Bahasa or besides Bahasa (another language) affects the performance of seven cognitive tests when the assessment was done in Bahasa Indonesia. In case large effects will be obtained, this may demand different norm referenced scores. Data of 840 subjects, in age ranging from 16–80 with various levels of education from six regions were included. The results showed that there was a small disadvantage in the Digit Span for people who do not speak Bahasa Indonesia in public and a small advantage of speaking besides Bahasa (another language) in public on Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test and on time to complete the Figure Reproduction tests. Other tests, such as the <jats:sc>TMT</jats:sc>, Stroop, <jats:sc>5PT</jats:sc>, and Bourdon were without any effect. It can be concluded that corrections for the normative data, as is commonly done for education, age and sometimes sex, for people who do not speak Bahasa daily and for speaking besides Bahasa (another language) considering that the differences were only small, is not indicated.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evolutionary Model of Early Theology When Moral and Religious Capacities Converge","authors":"Margaret Boone Rappaport, Christopher J. Corbally","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340190","url":null,"abstract":"This analysis summarizes conclusions on an evolutionary model for the origin of moral and religious capacities in the genus Homo. The authors’ published model (2020, Routledge) is now extended to the emergence of nascent theological thinking, augmenting the previous line of theory based on genomics, cognitive science, neuroscience, paleoneurology, cognitive archaeology, ethnography, and modern social science. This analysis concludes that findings support the earliest theological thinking in <jats:italic>Homo sapiens</jats:italic>, but not in an earlier species, <jats:italic>Homo erectus</jats:italic>, and clarifies why and when it likely began. Types of anatomy, behavior, neurology, and cognition are presented that support tendencies to frame a structure of religious principles and a set of supernatural figures that early humans would consider right, just, exemplary, and even sacred. Stages of emergent physical, behavioral, and cognitive features are presented in tables. While based on published research results in the sciences, the model is presented here with anticipation of future testing.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perpetuation of Gender Inequalities in Households: from Culture to Cognition","authors":"Angarika Deb, Tamara Kusimova, Ohan Hominis","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340193","url":null,"abstract":"Though labor-force participation of women has considerably increased in industrialized societies and many households are now dual-earner, the gender imbalance in household division of labor persists. Moreover, the consensus amongst men and women is that such distributions are fair, resulting in normalization and further perpetuation of inequalities. We provide a multidisciplinary explanation, focusing on the economic, cultural and cognitive processes underlying the perpetuation of inequalities within households. The article begins with a broad, economic approach that details the role of outside options and how they impact available decisions across different subsistence communities. We then discuss the role of cultural narratives and norms in shaping internalized structures of inequality. Finally, we unify these perspectives by focusing on the cognitive mechanisms that underpin self-perception and motivated assessments of fairness within households. We end with a brief discussion on the policy significance and avenues of future work.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enculturation-Acculturation Screening Tools for Empirical Aesthetics Research: a Proof of Principle Study","authors":"Julia F. Christensen, Meghedi Vartanian, Bilquis Castaño Manias, Raha Golestani, Shahrzad Khorsandi, Klaus Frieler","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340192","url":null,"abstract":"Grouping research participants by culture or language proficiency may no longer suffice to investigate cognitive universals and differences cross-culturally, due to the interconnectedness of our multicultural world. Based on immigration psychology research, we provide a ‘proof of principle’ for three culture screening tools. Across five online experiments (total N = 440), we developed (1) The Cultural Traditions Questionnaire (<jats:sc>CTQ</jats:sc>), (2) the Arts Engagement in Childhood Questionnaire (<jats:sc>AECQ</jats:sc>), and (3) the Enculturation and Acculturation Quiz (<jats:sc>EAQ</jats:sc>). While these screening tools are tailored to Iranian and English cultures, the procedures provided here are expandable to other cultures. The screening scores predicted emotional attachment to a culture better than traditional variables used in cross-cultural research (self-ascribed culture group, country of residence during formative years, mother tongue). Continuous measures of enculturation and acculturation are potentially better predictors for downstream variables of interest, due to their finer granularity and capability to capture multifaceted cultural identities.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Most Dangerous Tale: the Universality, Evolution, and Function of Blood Libels","authors":"Ákos Szegőfi","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340186","url":null,"abstract":"Blood libels are narratives about Jews and Christians, featuring an accusation that a child or a woman had been kidnapped and assaulted due to religious or economic goals. Blood libel-like narratives, however, are not only found in Judeo-Christian history; they appear in many cultures. Using the framework of Cultural Attraction Theory, the paper considers their evolution, and identifies testable factors of attraction. The paper makes two claims regarding the morphology and the function of these ancient tales. Firstly, narratives about outgroups tend to evolve towards the shape of a blood libel, as it taps into an optimum number of universal cognitive preferences. The correspondence with the evolved features of the mind contributes to the success of the narrative in different cultures and time periods. Secondly, these narratives function as coalition signals. Upon calling ingroup members into action against an outgroup, the blood libel unifies audiences before engaging in exclusionary action.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"400 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: Groupism and Cognition","authors":"Marek Jakoubek","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340191","url":null,"abstract":"The text focuses on a revision of the narrative about and status of <jats:italic>Ethnic Groups and Boundaries</jats:italic> (1969), touted as a ground-breaking publication which heralded a historic turning point in the study of ethnicity. In the first part, the author demonstrates that the understanding of ethnic groups, as presented in this work, was in no way original in its time; rather, it exemplified an already well-established and generally accepted theoretical model. In the second part, the author provides an alternative explanation for the fame and success of this text. He reveals that the central concept of the book – the bounded (ethnic) group – resonates very well with the mental module of “groupism” – part of the human cognitive apparatus. The generally favourable reception of <jats:italic>Ethnic Groups and Boundaries</jats:italic> is therefore not rooted in its novelty but rather in that it explicitly formulated a fundamental component of the human cognitive apparatus.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metacognitive Skills in Learning and Pedagogy: a Systematic Review and Analysis","authors":"Kashish Pandey, Ashwani Mohan","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340189","url":null,"abstract":"Educational frameworks aim to empower students to become self-regulated and empowered learners. They also contribute to a robust learning community through the amalgamation of metacognitive strategies in their educational system. To shed the light on the same, we conducted a systematic review of research published between 2010 and 2022 in Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. The review focused on two key areas: a) the application of metacognition in teaching and learning, and b) the relationship between metacognitive strategies and pedagogical approaches. Our findings highlight metacognition’s promising role in developing self-awareness, critical thinking, and cognitive facilitation within the learning environment. Additionally, the review emphasizes self-regulated learning and cognitive instruction strategies as key pathways to metacognitive regulation. We conclude by advocating for the integration of metacognitive skills development within educational systems to promote holistic learner development.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribal Politics: Political Orientation Predicts Authoritarian Traits, Cross-Cultural Interactions, and Adherence to Common Identity Factors","authors":"Joshua A. Cuevas, Bryan L. Dawson, Ashley C. Grant","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340188","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural interactions have been at the forefront of political strife in recent years as authoritarian regimes have come to power across the globe. This warrants investigation by social science researchers in the fields of social psychology, political psychology, and cognitive psychology. This study drew upon those three fields to explore the relationships between political orientation and (1) authoritarian traits, (2) attitudes towards intergroup relations and cross-cultural interactions (<jats:sc>CCI</jats:sc>), and (3) identity factors, largely through the lens of Social Identity Theory. Participants comprised 2,582 undergraduates at a public university in the U.S. The Diverse Learning Environments survey assessed views on social identity, intergroup relations, political and religious ideology, and social and political issues. Correlational analysis and <jats:sc>ANOVA</jats:sc> were conducted to determine relationships between variables and differences between groups. Results indicated that the more strongly respondents rated their political orientation as conservative, the more authoritarian traits they tended to report, the less likely they were to engage in <jats:sc>CCI</jats:sc>, and the more likely they were to hold negative views of those from different backgrounds than themselves. The more respondents rated their political orientation as liberal, the more open they were to diversity and more likely they were to engage in <jats:sc>CCI</jats:sc>. Identity factors appeared to be more important to conservatives than to liberals in that strength of political ideology was related to common identity characteristics for conservatives but not for liberals.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"400 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supernatural Belief in ‘Scientific’ Worldviews?","authors":"Roosa Haimila, Hanne Metsähinen, Mark Sevalnev","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340181","url":null,"abstract":"A ‘scientific worldview’ is commonly seen as contradictory to belief in supernatural forces, and there is little research on the supernatural beliefs of individuals who identify with science. In this article, we investigate the supernatural explanations of science-oriented individuals in domains of fundamental concern (suffering, death, and origins), and how supernatural causality is reconciled with belief in science. The open-ended responses of 387 Finns were analysed. The results show that science-oriented Finns endorsed both religion-related and more secular supernatural beliefs (such as belief in evolution as a purposeful process). Following the coexistence model, science-oriented Finns applied synthetic and target-dependent reasoning. In addition, many who invoked supernatural explanations integrated supernatural causality with science. Two forms of integrated reasoning were found: 1) supernatural agency as the ultimate cause and scientific theory as the proximate cause, and 2) a similarity-based heuristic, as seen in afterlife beliefs appealing to the law of conservation of energy.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}