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Journal of Cognition and Culture最新文献

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Cultural Conservatism 文化保守主义
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340142
Olivier Morin
{"title":"Cultural Conservatism","authors":"Olivier Morin","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trying to preserve cultural forms as faithfully as possible is a key motivation for cultural transmission. This paper reviews two possible accounts of it. One, evolutionary conservatism, is premised on the superiority of accumulated cultural knowledge compared to individual judgement – a theme that runs strongly through both the cultural evolution literature and conservative political philosophy. I argue for a clear distinction between evolutionary conservatism, and status quo conservatism as motivated by loss- and risk-aversion. I proceed to tackle some outstanding issues regarding status quo conservatism: its association with attachment to social hierarchies; the kind of cultural practices that tend to elicit it; and the question why an attitude motivated by considerations of costs and benefits might be manifested as a rigid or absolute principle. Seeing some cultural practices as equilibria in a coordination game helps answer these questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Children’s Pedagogical Competence and Child-to-Child Knowledge Transmission: Forgotten Factors in Theories of Cultural Evolution 儿童教学能力与儿童间知识传递:文化进化理论中被遗忘的因素
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340143
Fanxiao Wani Qiu, Henrike Moll
{"title":"Children’s Pedagogical Competence and Child-to-Child Knowledge Transmission: Forgotten Factors in Theories of Cultural Evolution","authors":"Fanxiao Wani Qiu, Henrike Moll","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Theories of cultural evolution tend to agree that teaching is one of the most powerful social learning mechanisms whereby knowledge gets passed on from one generation to the next. Researchers have mainly focused on the communicative signals adults produce when teaching. Natural pedagogy theory, for example, discusses how adults’ use of ostensive communication leads children to adopt a learning stance and interpret the information they receive as generalizable (Gergely &amp; Csibra, 2013). A consequence of this is that children are almost exclusively cast in the role of beneficiaries of others’ pedagogy. We argue that young children are not just receptive to teaching – they have pedagogical skills that have not been recognized by theories of cultural evolution. Children’s pedagogical competence manifests in their selective and learner-sensitive teaching of others. We urge theories of cultural evolution to recognize that children receive knowledge not just from adults but also from other children.</p>","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Sort of Mind/Brain Is Compatible with Cultural Adaptation? 什么样的思维/大脑与文化适应兼容?
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340141
Peter J. Richerson, Robert T. Boyd
{"title":"What Sort of Mind/Brain Is Compatible with Cultural Adaptation?","authors":"Peter J. Richerson, Robert T. Boyd","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cultural evolution is substantially driven by agentic forces and rather less by the random variation and natural selection that dominate the evolution of genes. Reinforcement based decisions (attractors) keep cultural evolution tolerably on track of genetic fitness. Reinforcement can come from a variety of proximate mechanisms ranging from rather general-purpose appetites and emotions to highly specific cognitive features. Cognitive features must be substantially built by social and individual learning to be compatible with the vast cultural diversity we observe in space and over time. At the same time gene-based components of reinforcement keep culture generally on track of genetic fitness. This essay asks whether the available neuroscientific evidence on brain function is more compatible with this cultural niche hypothesis or the much more directly gene-based cognitive niche alternative. Future neuroscience may provide a complete proximate account of the biological foundations of culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Imitation Is the Sincerest Form of’ … Cultural Evolution, or Is It? “模仿是最真诚的形式”……文化进化，还是真的?
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340144
Emma Flynn
{"title":"‘Imitation Is the Sincerest Form of’ … Cultural Evolution, or Is It?","authors":"Emma Flynn","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Culture and cultural transmission is underpinned by social learning, allowing an individual to adopt the traditions of one’s cultural group by interacting with others. Here I describe studies which demonstrate the role of imitation, the copying of methods and outcomes of behaviour, on cultural sustainability and innovation. Through diffusion studies with children using artificial fruits, the transmission of behaviour within and across groups was investigated. The results show that children are faithful to the methods and outcomes they witness, including copying irrelevant actions. Children in open diffusion studies acquired more than one solution, but sub-groups were established, conforming to a solution with other solutions being held in one’s repertoire. Imitation is a critical skill underpinning the adoption and transmission of culture, with other mechanisms, such as asocial learning, teaching and emulation playing a less pertinent role.</p>","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Cultural Evolution of Information Seeking 信息寻求的文化演变
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340146
Joëlle Proust
{"title":"The Cultural Evolution of Information Seeking","authors":"Joëlle Proust","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mechanisms of selection, assimilation and transmission at work in cultural accumulation need to include evaluative processes for detecting informational lacunae and repair mechanisms. Novelty, interest, learnability of alternative concepts and practices need to be permanently monitored at the individual and at the group level. It is proposed that the evaluative mechanisms that control cultural accumulation are themselves subject to cultural evolution. This article outlines a plausible sequence of evolutionary steps from curiosity-based exploration to inquisitive communication and to collective epistemic deliberation. Procedural metacognition, based on affective monitoring, regulates curiosity and early forms of inquisitive communication. Explicit metacognition, based on transmitted concepts, rules and practices regulates collective epistemic deliberation. It successively expands across cultures the epistemic sensitivity to a range of distinct norms such as evidentiality, consistency, explanatory power and consensuality.</p>","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Institution as an Explanatory Mechanism in Cultural Evolution: A Review of Three Theories 制度作为文化进化的解释机制:三种理论综述
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340148
Ryan Nichols
{"title":"The Institution as an Explanatory Mechanism in Cultural Evolution: A Review of Three Theories","authors":"Ryan Nichols","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this paper is to stimulate productive research on institutions from within cultural evolutionary science and, especially, philosophy of science. It aims to achieve this goal by distinguishing between three types of question a theory of institutions ought to answer; by comparing and analyzing three theories of institutions; and by raising, for each theory, potential challenges and questions. Theories analyzed include a cognitive psychological theory, an ecological theory, and self-interested enforcement theory. Common features of the theories are identified where possible. Emphasis is placed on stating constructive criticisms and research questions. The paper concludes with comments about the uncertain ontology of institutions and about consequences of building cultural evolutionary <em>theories</em> of institutions on formal <em>models</em> of institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reputation Management and Cultural Evolution 声誉管理与文化演变
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340147
Hugo Mercier
{"title":"Reputation Management and Cultural Evolution","authors":"Hugo Mercier","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sociologists and social psychologists have long seen reputation management as an important human motivation. More recently, evolutionary analyses have helped understand the function of reputation management, demonstrating the fitness consequences of being thought of as dominant, moral, or competent. Here, I argue that reputation management likely plays an important, but understudied, role in cultural evolution – whether one takes the perspective of dual inheritance theory or of cultural attraction theory. I illustrate the importance of reputation management through its role in the spread of non-actionable beliefs – beliefs which have few or no behavioral consequences, but which constitute a large part of culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Foreign Language Effect on Responses to the Trolley Dilemma amongst Native Speakers of Arabic 道德外语对阿拉伯语母语者小车困境反应的影响
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340138
Gabriel E Andrade
{"title":"Moral Foreign Language Effect on Responses to the Trolley Dilemma amongst Native Speakers of Arabic","authors":"Gabriel E Andrade","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340138","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Trolley dilemmas have been tested cross-culturally, but only recently have researchers begun to assess the effect of responding to such dilemmas in a foreign language. Previous studies have found a Moral Foreign Language Effect (MFLE) in trolley dilemmas, whereby subjects who respond to these dilemmas in a foreign language, tend to offer more utilitarian responses. The present study seeks to test whether the MFLE holds amongst native speakers of Arabic. Additionally, the present study seeks to test whether the use of visual images has any effect on responses. For such purposes, four groups were compared: 1) participants responding to trolley dilemmas in English without visual images; 2) participants responding to trolley dilemmas in Arabic without visual images; 3) participants responding to trolley dilemmas in English with visual images; 4) participants responding to trolley dilemmas in Arabic with visual images.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45540292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Grains of Description in Biological and Cultural Transmission 生物与文化传播中的描述颗粒
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340131
Pierrick Bourrat, M. Charbonneau
{"title":"Grains of Description in Biological and Cultural Transmission","authors":"Pierrick Bourrat, M. Charbonneau","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340131","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The question of whether cultural transmission is faithful has attracted significant debate over the last 30 years. The degree of fidelity with which an object is transmitted depends on 1) the features chosen to be relevant, and 2) the quantity of details given about those features. Once these choices have been made, an object is described at a particular grain. In the absence of conventions between different researchers and across different fields about which grain to use, transmission fidelity cannot be evaluated because it is relative to the choice of grain. In biology, because a genotype-to-phenotype mapping exists and transmission occurs from genotype to genotype, a privileged grain of description exists that circumvents this ‘grain problem.’ In contrast, in cultural evolution, the genotype–phenotype distinction cannot be drawn, rendering claims about fidelity dependent upon researchers’ choices. Thus, due to a lack of unified conventions, claims about fidelity transmission are difficult to evaluate.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44600997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forty-Eight Classical Moral Dilemmas in Persian Language: A Validation and Cultural Adaptation Study 48个经典波斯语道德困境:验证与文化适应研究
IF 0.4
Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1163/15685373-12340139
Sajad Sojoudi, Azra Jahanitabesh, J. Hatami, J. Christensen
{"title":"Forty-Eight Classical Moral Dilemmas in Persian Language: A Validation and Cultural Adaptation Study","authors":"Sajad Sojoudi, Azra Jahanitabesh, J. Hatami, J. Christensen","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340139","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Moral dilemmas are a useful tool to investigate empirically, which parameters of a given situation modulate participants’ moral judgment, and in what way.\u0000In an effort to provide moral judgment data from a non-WEIRD culture, we provide the translation and validation of 48 classical moral dilemmas in Persian language. The translated dilemma set was submitted to a validation experiment with N = 82 Iranian participants. The four-factor structure of this dilemma set was confirmed; including Personal Force (Personal, Impersonal), Benefit Recipient (Self, Other), Evitability (Avoidable, Inevitable), and Intentionality (Accidental, Instrumental). When comparing moral judgments of Iranian participants to those of Spanish and Italian participants’ from previous research with the same dilemma set, differences emerged. Iranian participants’ moral judgments were more deontological (i.e., they refrained from harm), than Spanish and Italian participants. Religiosity made participants’ moral judgments more deontological, and also dysphoric mood resulted in a more deontological response style.","PeriodicalId":46186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47882719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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