{"title":"Galangin-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles: Molecular Mechanisms of Antiangiogenesis Properties in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Malik H Qaddoori, Hanady S Al-Shmgani","doi":"10.1155/2023/3251211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3251211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angiogenesis is important for tissue during normal physiological processes as well as in a number of diseases, including cancer. Drug resistance is one of the largest difficulties to antiangiogenesis therapy. Due to their lower cytotoxicity and stronger pharmacological advantage, phytochemical anticancer medications have a number of advantages over chemical chemotherapeutic drugs. In the current study, the effectiveness of AuNPs, AuNPs-GAL, and free galangin as an antiangiogenesis agent was evaluated. Different physicochemical and molecular approaches have been used including the characterization, cytotoxicity, scratch wound healing assay, and gene expression of <i>VEGF</i> and <i>ERKI</i> in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Results obtained from MTT assay show cell growth reduction in a time- and dose-dependent aspect; also, in comparison to individual treatment, a synergistic impact was indicated. CAM assay results demonstrated galangin-gold nanoparticle capacity to suppress angiogenesis in chick embryo. Additionally, altering <i>VEGF</i> and <i>ERKI</i> gene expression was recorded. Taken together, all the results can conclude that galangin-conjugated gold nanoparticles can be a promising antiangiogenesis supplemental drug in breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3251211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9950320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10789219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association between Oxidative Stress Parameters and Hematological Indices in Breast Cancer Patients.","authors":"Hiva Danesh, Nasrin Ziamajidi, Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin, Nahid Nafisi, Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir","doi":"10.1155/2022/1459410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1459410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. This causes an increase in free radicals, resulting in oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breast cancer on oxidative stress and its relationship with hematological indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study included 43 women with breast cancer and 37 age-matched healthy controls. Oxidative stress and its correlation with hematological profiles over seven months were evaluated. Finally, the data were compared between the two groups using the <i>t</i>-test and Pearson's test, and the results were analyzed using the SPSS 24 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that patients with breast cancer had significantly increased hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) levels compared with healthy subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, oxidative stress parameters, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were significantly elevated. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly lower in patients with breast cancer than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Statistical significance in hematological indices showed a positive or negative correlation with oxidative stress parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women with breast cancer showed a deranged complete blood count (CBC) pattern compared to healthy individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2022 ","pages":"1459410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9550463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33501924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felix E de Jongh, Reva Efe, Kirsten H Herrmann, Jelle A Spoorendonk
{"title":"Cost and Clinical Benefits Associated with Oncotype DX® Test in Patients with Early-Stage HR+/HER2- Node-Negative Breast Cancer in the Netherlands.","authors":"Felix E de Jongh, Reva Efe, Kirsten H Herrmann, Jelle A Spoorendonk","doi":"10.1155/2022/5909724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5909724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients with early-stage HR+/HER2- N0 breast cancer may receive adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with surgery. However, chemotherapy does not always lead to improved survival and incurs high healthcare costs and increased adverse events. To support decision-making regarding adjuvant chemotherapy, genomic profile testing performed with tests such as the Oncotype DX® test can help healthcare practitioners decide whether chemotherapy provides any benefit to these patients. As such, a cost-consequence model was developed with the aim to estimate the economic impact of using different gene expression tests or no testing, in patients with node-negative early-stage breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cost-consequence model was developed to estimate the economic impact of three different scenarios in the Dutch setting: (1) Oncotype DX® test, (2) MammaPrint®, and (3) and no genomic profile testing. The model included chemotherapy costs, administration costs, short- and long-term adverse event costs, productivity loss, genomic profiling testing costs, cost of cancer recurrence, and hospitalization costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A treatment paradigm with Oncotype DX resulted in average savings per patient of €6,768 vs. a paradigm with MammaPrint and €13,125 vs. a paradigm with no genomic testing. Furthermore, due to less patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy through better targeting by the Oncotype DX test, fewer adverse events, sick days, practice visits, and hospitalizations were required compared to MammaPrint and no genomic profiling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Testing with Oncotype DX test in Dutch clinical practice in patients with early-stage breast cancer proved to be cost-saving versus MammaPrint and no genomic profiling tests. Introducing the Oncotype DX test to the Dutch setting will likely reduce the economic resources that are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2022 ","pages":"5909724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33545808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Al-Shimaa Mahmoud Abas, Mohamed H Sherif, Sara A Elmoneam Farag
{"title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Serum Omentin and NGAL Levels in Egyptian Breast Cancer Patients.","authors":"Al-Shimaa Mahmoud Abas, Mohamed H Sherif, Sara A Elmoneam Farag","doi":"10.1155/2022/5971981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5971981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is globally the main cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Tumor biomarkers have significant role in diagnosis and predicting the prognosis and decide the specific therapy to each patient.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this study, we investigated whether omentin and NGAL levels were altered in patients with breast cancer and the relationship between these markers and their clinicopathological parameters. <i>Subjects and Methods</i>. This study included 120 patients with breast cancer and 30 healthy individuals served as controls. We measured the serum level of omentin and NGAL by ELISA technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that there were statistically significant differences in serum omentin and NGAL levels between two groups. Also, in breast cancer patients, there was significant difference between omentin level, the same results with NGAL level and patient's age, tumor size, lymph node, and metastasis. No significant relationship was found between omentin level and tumor grade, ER, PR, and HER2. The cutoff value for the prediction of breast cancer was determined at >113.2 ng/ml for omentin and >145.3 ng/ml for NGAL with a sensitivity of 91.7% and 100%, specificity of 100% and 80%, positive predictive value of 100% and 90.9%, negative predictive value of 85.7% and 100%, and accuracy of 94.4% and 93.3%, respectively. In conclusion, serum omentin and NGAL can be used as strong diagnostic markers for breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2022 ","pages":"5971981"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9492437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33486210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aya Elmahs, Ghada Mohamed, Mostafa Salem, Dina Omar, Amany Mohamed Helal, Nahed Soliman
{"title":"The Impact of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Densities and Ki67 Index on Residual Breast Cancer Burden following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.","authors":"Aya Elmahs, Ghada Mohamed, Mostafa Salem, Dina Omar, Amany Mohamed Helal, Nahed Soliman","doi":"10.1155/2022/2597889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2597889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To avoid unnecessary neoadjuvant chemotherapy in case anticipating a poor therapy response, it is essential to find the pathological parameters that would predict pathological complete response or at least a decrease in tumor burden following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hypothesis that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes can predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to find the Ki67 cutoff value that best predicts the benefit of chemotherapy. 153 cases of breast cancer were chosen, based on their molecular subtype: triple negative subtype (77) and luminal, HER2-ve subtype (76). Histopathological assessment of pretherapy core biopsies was conducted to assess variable pathological parameters including TILs rates with the aid of immunohistochemical staining for CD20 and CD3. Moreover, core biopsies were stained for Ki67, and the findings were compared to the residual cancer burden following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. On analyzing and contrasting the two groups, a significant association between molecular subtype and pathological complete response was confirmed, while tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in either group had no effect on therapy response. We used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine that a cutoff of 36% for Ki67 is the most accurate value to predict complete therapy response.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2022 ","pages":"2597889"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33476104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Rakhshani, Maryam Dada, Seyyed Mansour Kashfi, A. Kamyab, A. K. Jeihooni
{"title":"The Effect of Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Women towards Breast Cancer Screening","authors":"T. Rakhshani, Maryam Dada, Seyyed Mansour Kashfi, A. Kamyab, A. K. Jeihooni","doi":"10.1155/2022/5697739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5697739","url":null,"abstract":"Background Early identification of breast cancer may result in earlier treatment and a lower mortality rate. This fact has resulted in the development of screening programs to detect breast cancer in its early stages; thus, the current study sought to investigate the influence of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practice about breast cancer screening in Izeh, Khozestan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods This experiment was carried out on the women of Izeh city in 2019. This study included 120 women who were randomized into the experimental and control groups at random (60 in the experimental and 60 in the control groups). Before and two months after the intervention, data were collected using a researcher-created questionnaire by the control and education groups. The intervention program for the intervention group included eight educational sessions over the course of two months. The SPSS 20 statistical program was used to examine the data, as well as the paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square. Results There was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups' mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice prior to the educational intervention, but a significant difference was observed after the intervention, with the experimental group obtaining significantly higher mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice (P = 0.05). Conclusion In the present study, the educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards breast cancer screening led to the increased scores of the experimental group compared to control group.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88882616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rana, A. P. S. Rana, Uttam Sharma, T. S. Barwal, Aklank Jain
{"title":"Evolution of Frozen Section in Carcinoma Breast: Systematic Review","authors":"M. Rana, A. P. S. Rana, Uttam Sharma, T. S. Barwal, Aklank Jain","doi":"10.1155/2022/4958580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4958580","url":null,"abstract":"Background The frozen section (FS) has been a good technique in surgical management of breast lesions since many years. But complete agreement and cooperation have not been achieved everywhere among surgeons and pathologists especially in the developing countries. FS undergoes continuous criticism due to various shortcomings but continued to be evaluated especially in developing countries. Objectives This review was conducted to synthesize information on the use of frozen section in carcinoma breast. Data Sources. The MEDLINE database for frozen section since its origin and its implication in recent breast surgery techniques was studied. Study Eligibility Criteria. Sixty-five articles were reviewed with complete analysis on FS in both benign and malignant breast lesions. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods. The analysis of frozen section was done as a diagnostic tool in breast lesions, margin status in breast conservative surgery in carcinoma breast, and sentinel lymph node and use of immunohistochemistry for sentinel lymph node FS. Results It was analysed that the FS gives accurate results in margin status analysis, decreasing rerecurrence. Conclusion The accuracy of FSA, low recurrence rate, avoidance of reoperation, and good cosmesis are the key points of its use in breast conservative surgery. Its use in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is equivocal. However, application of immunohistochemistry on frozen section of SLNB is an evolving trend in today's era.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74951392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Patient Health Engagement Model in Cancer Management: Effect of Physical Activity, Distress Management, and Social Support Intervention to Improve the Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"M. Changizi, L. Ghahremani, N. Ahmadloo, M. Kaveh","doi":"10.1155/2022/1944852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1944852","url":null,"abstract":"Background Providing better care and encouraging behaviors promoting health are effective measures to manage breast cancer patients. The present research was conducted to carry out an intervention based on the PHE model to promote physical activity, distress management, social support, and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Methods This randomized control trial study was conducted on 123 women with breast cancer and their caregivers (group 1 = 61 and group 2 = 62). Subjects entered the study from the oncology ward of a specialized clinic in Shiraz, Iran. The education was done through clips, pamphlets, and lectures in 8 sessions with a duration of 15 to 25 minutes. A posttest was carried out in the both groups in 2 times (the end and 3 months) after intervention. The SPSS25 software was used to analyze the data. Results The mean and SD of age of group 1 were (45.77 ± 8.84) and control group 2 (45.58 ± 77.64). The fiding showed a significant difference between the mean scores of distress management, social support, physical activity, and cancer self-efficacy in group 1 vs. group 2 after intervention (P < 0.001). Also, the educational intervention improved quality of life (P = 0.003). Conclusion Intervention program based on the PHE model may facilitate the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in breast cancer patient. Thus, it appears that the PHE model might promote patients' quality of life.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78467026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Prognostic Potential of Neurokinin 1 Receptor in Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with Ki-67 Index","authors":"M. Al-Keilani, Rana Elstaty, M. Alqudah","doi":"10.1155/2022/4987912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4987912","url":null,"abstract":"Background Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. This study was aimed at investigating the expression level of NK1R in breast cancer tissues and its relationship with proliferation index as measured by Ki-67, clinicopathological characteristics of patients, and overall survival rate. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of NK1R and Ki-67 was measured in 164 paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues of four molecular subtypes (42 HER2-enriched, 40 luminal A, 42 luminal B, and 40 triple negative). NK1R was scored semiquantitatively, while Ki-67 was obtained by the percentage of total number of tumor cells with nuclear staining. The optimal cutoff values for NK1R and Ki-67 were assessed by Cutoff Finder. Pearson's Chi-square (χ2) and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the staining scores between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was used for survival analysis. ANOVA and Student's t-test were used to compare group means. Results A total of 164 patients were included in the study which represented females with invasive ductal carcinoma. NK1R was expressed at high levels in about 34% of investigated cases. The mean Ki-67 level was about 27% and 41.5% of sample had high Ki-67 (expression level > 22%). NK1R expression levels were associated with higher tumor grade (p = 0.021) and high Ki-67 (p = 0.012). NK1R expression negatively impacted overall survival in grade II tumors (p = 0.027). Conclusion NK1R contributes to cellular proliferation and is associated with negative prognosis in breast cancer. These findings suggest the potential role of NK1R as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77275376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Sad, Naglaa Lofty Dabees, Dareen Abd El-Aziz Mohamed, A. Tageldin, S. Younis
{"title":"Assessment of Suspected Breast Lesions in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer during Follow-Up after Breast-Conserving Surgery Using Multiparametric MRI","authors":"L. Sad, Naglaa Lofty Dabees, Dareen Abd El-Aziz Mohamed, A. Tageldin, S. Younis","doi":"10.1155/2022/4299920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4299920","url":null,"abstract":"Background The local recurrence rate of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) can be as high as 12%.The standard treatment for early-stage TNBC is breast-conserving surgery (BCS), followed by postoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. However, detection of the local recurrence of the disease after radiotherapy is a major issue. Objective The aim of this study was at investigating the role of dynamic and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during follow-up after BCS and radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy to differentiate between locoregional recurrence and postoperative fibrosis. Patients and Methods. This prospective study was conducted at the oncology, radiology, and pathology departments, Tanta University. It involved 50 patients with early-stage TNBC who were treated with BCS, followed by radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy. The suspected lesions were evaluated during the follow-up period by sonomammography. All patients were subjected to MRI, including conventional sequences, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic postcontrast study. Results Ten cases were confirmed as recurrent malignant lesions. After contrast administration, they all exhibited irregular T1 hypodense lesions of variable morphology with diffusion restriction and positive enhancement. Eight cases displayed a type III curve, while two showed a type II curve. Histopathological assessment was consistent with the MRI findings in all eight cases. The combination of the data produced by DWI-MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI resulted in 100%sensitivity, 92.5% specificity, 90.9% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value, and 98% accuracy. Conclusion Combination of DWI-MRI and DCE-MRI could have high diagnostic value for evaluating postoperative changes in patients with TNBC after BCS, followed by radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy. Trial Registrations. No trial to be registered.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87548411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}