International Journal of Breast Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Risk Factors for Persistent Lymphedema Following Modified Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.","authors":"Iraj Feizi, Bahareh Nikandam, Zohreh Shahabi, Amir Ahmad Arabzadeh","doi":"10.1155/ijbc/4135685","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbc/4135685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent lymphedema (PLE) is a common complication following breast cancer surgery, particularly after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). It significantly impacts the quality of life and daily functioning of survivors. Understanding the risk factors for PLE is crucial for early detection and effective management.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study is aimed at identifying the risk factors for PLE following modified ALND in breast cancer patients, focusing on clinical, surgical, and molecular characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, single-center study was conducted on women who underwent breast cancer surgery between 2018 and 2021. Demographic, clinical, and treatment-related data were collected from medical records. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for PLE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 150 patients, 31 (21.4%) developed PLE. Significant risk factors for PLE included metastasis (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), neurovascular invasion (<i>p</i> = 0.029), and the presence of ER-negative (<i>p</i> = 0.032) and Ki-67-positive (<i>p</i> = 0.007) tumors. Surgery type was significantly associated with PLE, with patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) having a higher incidence (42.9%) compared with those who had breast-conserving surgery (BCS) (16.0%) (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Chemotherapy also increased the likelihood of PLE (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that metastasis was the strongest predictor of PLE (OR 11.91, 95% CI: 1.94-73.09, <i>p</i> = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metastasis, surgery type, chemotherapy, and molecular factors such as ER and Ki-67 expression showed unadjusted associations with PLE. However, in multivariable logistic regression, metastasis remained the only independent predictor of PLE. These findings support risk-stratified postoperative surveillance, and larger prospective studies with standardized lymphedema measurement are needed to validate independent predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4135685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13620400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients Receiving Palbociclib Combinations for Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+)/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative (HER2-) Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer in the Arabian Gulf Region: A Retrospective Study (TREASURE Study).","authors":"Emad Dawoud, Francois Calaud, Ashraf Awad Fadlelseid, Nafisa Abdelhafeez, Sharif Kullab, Muhammad Farooq Latif, Mohamed Omara, Syed Tirmazy, Ahmed Hashiesh, Ali AlJabban, Shaheenah Dawood, Meteb Al-Foheidi","doi":"10.1155/ijbc/3477817","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbc/3477817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Palbociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, has been approved for advanced/metastatic breast cancer (ABC) treatment. However, real-world data on its use in the Arabian Gulf region are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The TREASURE study, a retrospective, multicenter study, evaluated patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) ABC treated with palbociclib + endocrine therapy (ET) in the Arabian Gulf. Data were abstracted from the medical records of eligible patients from 7 selected sites across Arabian Gulf countries. The study evaluated patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes in those who initiated palbociclib + ET from April 2015 to September 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study comprised 258 patients (median age: 53.7 years) who received palbociclib in the first-line (1L) (<i>n</i> = 93, 36.0%), second-line (2L) (<i>n</i> = 61, 23.6%), or third-line and beyond (3L+) (<i>n</i> = 30, 11.6%). Treatment regimens included palbociclib plus aromatase inhibitors (<i>n</i> = 142, 55.0%) and palbociclib with fulvestrant (<i>n</i> = 120, 46.5%). The starting dose of palbociclib was 125 mg for 228 patients (88.4%). The median duration of follow-up was 16.8 months. Global median real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) was 26.5 months (1L: 40.3, 2L: 18.5, 3L+: 17.2). The rwPFS rates at 12, 24, and 36 months were as follows: 1L-84.5%, 72.8%, and 58.4%; 2L-69.8%, 38.8%, and 16.2%; 3L+-80.0%, 42.3%, and 23.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides initial data on palbociclib's real-world treatment management and effectiveness in the Arabian Gulf region, with results consistent with those reported in clinical trials and other real-world evidence studies. Larger studies with more patients are needed to further assess long-term clinical outcomes in this population. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04916509.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3477817"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer Care in Ghana: A Review of the Continuum of Care and Progress Toward Universal Health Coverage.","authors":"Shannon C Lyden, Emma Gabriella O Connor, Katie Kenny, Hannah Wang, Katerina L Aris, Caroline Lommer, Jessica Keane, Ishmael Kyei, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Abena Yeboah Aduse-Poku, Bridget Oppong, Andrea N Riner","doi":"10.1155/ijbc/3787700","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbc/3787700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women in Ghana, and improving outcomes requires coordinated progress across the continuum of care. This review synthesizes current evidence on breast cancer care in Ghana, including screening and diagnosis, treatment availability and utilization, survivorship, financial and transportation considerations, sociocultural determinants, and emerging innovations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative literature review was conducted using iterative topic-based searches across PubMed and Google Scholar, supplemented by searches on Google.com for Ghana-based programs and on ClinicalTrials.gov for clinical trials. Ninety-nine sources that were published in 2011-2026 and met relevance criteria were included. Secondary chi-square and univariate logistic regression analyses of the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey examined associations between breast cancer screening and socioeconomic/geographic factors. Geographic heatmaps were created to illustrate regional variation in diagnostic and treatment service availability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Screening and diagnostic imaging services are increasingly available but concentrated in urban centers, highlighting regional access opportunities. Pathology service shortages hinder timely diagnosis and subtyping, though ongoing investments in diagnostic infrastructure represent progress. Treatment services-including surgery, systemic therapy, and radiation-are available at select centers nationwide, and continued expansion should improve outcomes as earlier detection increases. Despite high national insurance enrollment, screening and treatment coverage gaps persist, underscoring the need for capacity building and policies to reduce financial burden and improve care continuity. Sociocultural beliefs and awareness shape health-seeking behavior, making community-based education key to early detection and treatment adherence. Ghana is growing capacity in emerging areas of breast cancer care, including genetic counseling and testing, fertility preservation, and clinical trial participation, which, although not widely available, may enhance patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight progress and opportunity in Ghana's breast cancer care landscape, underscoring the value of investing in decentralized services, workforce development, capacity building, and patient-centered strategies for equitable breast cancer care nationwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3787700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13583168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence as an Assistive Tool in Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis in the Digital Era.","authors":"Manjit Kaur Rana, Amanjot Singh, Amritpal Singh Rana, Sukhchain Kaur, Aklank Jain, Astha Gupta, Upneet Kaur","doi":"10.1155/ijbc/5575969","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbc/5575969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is a worldwide health task, and its increasing frequency and the associated burden on healthcare professionals are also increasing. Hence, integrating machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) into screening and diagnosis is irrefutable in the digital age. A comprehensive systematic review was conducted aimed at assessing the application of AI and ML techniques to enhance BC screening, diagnosis, classification, and tumor marker scoring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An electronic literature search in PubMed and google scholar by following systematic review guidelines was conducted using keywords AI, cytology, histology, tumor marker expression, deep learning (DL) and ML and carcinoma breast. Articles exclusively pertaining to BC pathology were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study reviews the AI tools incorporating advanced DL models, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and faster R-CNN, which have demonstrated high accuracy in analyzing medical images from various modalities, including cytology and histopathology. AI applications also extend to combined imaging-pathology diagnostics and tumor biomarkers, showing promising outcomes for consistency, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness. Various Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and internationally approved AI software products for BC detection illustrate the translation potential of these technologies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of AI in the analysis of pathological samples in diagnosis, research, precision medicine, and patient care is increasing, and such assistance has great potential to reduce the workload of pathologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5575969"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor Budding Unveiled: Clinicopathological Correlations and Survival Insights From a Tertiary Care Cancer Center of India.","authors":"Ipsita Dhal, Himani Rai, Neha Singh, Ahmad Raza, Divya Khichi, Isha Makker, Zachariah Chowdhury, Shashikant Patne, Parul Tripathi, Ankita Pal, Anuj Gupta, Mayank Tripathi, Bal Krishna Mishra","doi":"10.1155/ijbc/6846485","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbc/6846485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor budding (TB), defined as isolated single cells or small clusters at the invasive front, has emerged as a potential adverse prognostic marker in breast cancer (BC), though its clinical utility remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 229 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. TB was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections, with AE1/AE3 immunostaining in equivocal cases. TB was analyzed both as a continuous and categorical variable for its association with clinicopathological parameters, including lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), distant metastasis, tumor size, nodal stage, age, and hormone receptor status. Patients were followed for 5.75 years to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High tumor budding (HTB) was identified in a significant proportion of cases and showed strong correlation with adverse clinicopathological features, including lymph node positivity, LVI, higher nodal stage, and distant metastasis. HTB was more frequent in hormone receptor-positive tumors and less common in triple-negative BC. No significant association was observed between TB and PFS or OS during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TB is a cost-effective histopathological marker associated with adverse clinicopathological features in BC. Although no significant association with survival outcomes was observed in the present cohort, its correlation with established adverse pathological parameters highlights its potential clinical relevance. Larger prospective studies with standardized assessment criteria are needed to further clarify its prognostic significance and clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6846485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and Predictors in Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Surgery for Spinal Metastases: Insights From a Single-Center Cohort.","authors":"Leonardo Olijnyk, Vivian Huong Hoang Thien Le, Edisond Florial, Fidaa Al-Shakfa, Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong, Maroun Rizkallah, Ghassan Boubez, Jesse Shen, Zhi Wang","doi":"10.1155/ijbc/7130498","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbc/7130498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women globally, with spinal metastases significantly impacting morbidity and mortality. Surgical intervention plays a crucial role in managing symptomatic spinal lesions, yet prognostic factors and outcomes remain areas of active investigation. This study aims to evaluate survival rates and identify predictors in patients with breast cancer undergoing surgery for spinal metastases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 97 patients who underwent surgery for spinal breast cancer metastases at a single center over a 12-year period. Data included epidemiological and preoperative profiles, biological markers, and radiological findings. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and prognostic factors were analyzed via Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative overall survival rates were 72%, 64%, and 34% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Significant predictors of survival included tobacco use (HR 1.7, <i>p</i> = 0.025), estrogen receptor (HR 0.224, <i>p</i> = 0.03), triple-negative subtype (HR 4.1, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and lower Karnofsky scores (HR 0.488, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Spinal instability and preoperative neurological status did not significantly influence survival. Complications occurred in 17% of patients, with no 30-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides one of the largest single-center experiences of surgery for spinal metastases from breast cancer in the modern treatment era. We found that overall preoperative performance and biological markers, remains a key predictor of survival, while neurological status, disease spread and spinal instability have no impact than in long-term survival. These results reflect advances in systemic therapy and surgical care, supporting surgery as an important part of multidisciplinary management for selected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7130498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PTEN Loss in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Integrative Molecular and Clinicopathological Insights.","authors":"Sandeep Kumar, Tamanna Thakur, Anjali Chadda, Santhosh Irrinki, Siddhant Khare, Amanjit Bal","doi":"10.1155/ijbc/7879645","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbc/7879645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a key tumor suppressor gene that negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway. PTEN deficiency is the most frequent molecular alteration in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, the relationship between PTEN protein loss and underlying genomic alterations remains incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty TNBC cases were evaluated for PTEN protein expression by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. PTEN hotspot mutations (Exons 1, 5, 7, and 9) were analyzed using Sanger sequencing, whereas copy number alterations were assessed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay. PTEN alterations were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics. External validation of PTEN mRNA and protein expression and prognostic significance was performed using publicly available TCGA/CPTAC datasets and Kaplan-Meier plotter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PTEN protein loss was observed in 41/50 TNBC cases (82%), indicating that PTEN deficiency is a frequent event in this subtype. PTEN mutations were detected in six cases (12%) and were confined exclusively to Exon 5, comprising one missense mutation (c.277C>A) and two truncating mutations (c.430del and c.433del). MLPA identified PTEN copy number alterations in four cases (8%), including heterozygous deletions and duplications. No significant association was observed between PTEN protein expression and genomic alterations, highlighting a substantial genotype-phenotype discordance. Analysis of independent public datasets confirmed significantly reduced PTEN mRNA and protein expression in TNBC compared with luminal and HER2-positive breast cancers. Patients with low PTEN expression showed a trend toward shorter overall survival (23.5 vs. 38.9 months), though the difference did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PTEN protein loss is highly prevalent in TNBC but is only partially explained by mutations and copy number alterations, suggesting that additional regulatory mechanisms, such as epigenetic or posttranscriptional events, contribute to PTEN inactivation. These findings underscore the biological importance of PTEN deficiency in TNBC and support further investigation of PTEN as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7879645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13430043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Attenuate the Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Doxorubicin in MDA-MB-468 Breast Cancer Cells.","authors":"Benedict Broni Boadi, Kwadwo Fosu, Elizabeth Besiwa Quaw, Kezia Yaa Awortwe, Anthony Eremondsere Agholo, Bernadine Tuah, Jude Tetteh Quarshie, Abiola Isawumi, Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi, Anastasia Rosebud Aikins","doi":"10.1155/ijbc/9772651","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbc/9772651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer remains a global health challenge due to rising incidence, chemoresistance, and tumor relapse. In cancer management, antibiotics are often used to treat bacterial infections in immunocompromised patients. However, the direct impact of antibiotics on cancer progression and treatment outcomes is not well understood. This study investigated the effects of four antibiotics-ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and meropenem-on breast cancer cells, both alone and in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line, we assessed cell viability using the MTT assay. The impact of antibiotics on apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V/PI flow cytometry. Additionally, we evaluated the expression of stem cell markers CD133, CD44, and CD24 posttreatment using flow cytometry. Finally, the Luminex assay was used to measure the cytokine and chemokine release by the cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All of the antibiotics reduced cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner but reduced DOX-induced cytotoxicity. The antibiotics also induced early apoptosis in the cells but significantly reduced DOX-induced apoptosis, supporting our earlier observation that these antibiotics diminish the efficacy of DOX chemotherapy. Furthermore, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem diminished the efficacy of DOX chemotherapy by promoting stemness in cancer cells. The antibiotics exhibited variable effects on cytokine and chemokine production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although these antibiotics exhibit anticancer activity, their coadministration with DOX may reduce its therapeutic efficacy and promote cancer stemness. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into antibiotic-chemotherapy interactions in breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9772651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>MicroRNA-326</i> as a Tumor Suppressor Regulates the <i>NOB1</i> Expression in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Milad Noei, Flora Forouzesh, Fereshteh Abbasvandi, Amirhossein Zare","doi":"10.1155/ijbc/4786830","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbc/4786830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aberrant expression of <i>miR-326</i>, a microRNA involved in tumor suppression, has been associated with a broad range of diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. The <i>NOB1</i> gene (<i>NIN One Binding Protein 1 Homolog</i>) is a critical component that plays a pivotal role in the biogenesis and proper functioning of the 26S proteasome. Researchers have found that <i>miR-326</i> acts as a regulator of <i>NOB1</i> expression by targeting its mRNA, ultimately leading to a decrease in <i>NOB1</i> protein translation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study seeks to assess the expression levels of <i>miR-326</i> and <i>NOB1</i> genes within breast cancer (BC) tumor tissue, along with an examination of their potential correlation, in comparison to both normal-adjacent (NATs) and healthy tissues. Forty-one BC, NATs, and eight healthy breast tissues were used. To compare the expression profiles of <i>miR-326</i> and <i>NOB1</i> in different tissue groups, including BC, NATs, and healthy tissues, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>miR-326</i> expression was significantly decreased in BC tissues compared with NATs (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and healthy tissues (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The expression levels of <i>NOB1</i> were increased significantly in BC tissue compared with NATs (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and healthy tissues (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). A significant negative correlation was observed between <i>miR-326</i> and <i>NOB1</i> expression (<i>p</i> < 0.005). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that AUC = 0.8349 and AUC = 0.7 are for <i>miR-326</i> and <i>NOB1</i>, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Decreasing the expression of <i>miR-326</i> in patients with BC may affect its target gene (<i>NOB1</i>) and probably lead to an increase in the expression of the <i>NOB1</i> gene. This negative correlation suggests a potential regulatory role for <i>miR-326</i> in controlling <i>NOB1</i> expression. Our findings demonstrate that dysregulation of the <i>miR-326</i> and <i>NOB1</i> expression levels may contribute to BC development and progression, indicating the potential of these two genes as biomarkers for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4786830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Emerging Trends in Targeted Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Anuj Kumar, Suresh Subramanian","doi":"10.1155/ijbc/8575520","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbc/8575520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a biologically diverse, highly aggressive class of breast cancer defined by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. It accounts for approximately 10%-20% of all invasive breast cancers, and disproportionately affects women of younger ages and from minority groups. TNBC is distinguished by delayed diagnosis requiring special techniques, rapid metastatic progression, and limited treatment options compared with other breast cancers. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay but patients face higher relapse rates and overall survival is significantly reduced. TNBC represents a diverse array of subtypes, whose molecular differences impact their pathological behavior and response to therapy. Newer molecular markers in various stages of clinical and preclinical development show promise towards improving the management of TNBC patients. Membrane receptor proteins like trop2, nectin-4, LIV-1, gpNMB, CXCR4, DDR1, and PD-L1 have been targeted with antibody-drug complexes. Synthetic small molecules and antisense oligonucleotides have been employed for inhibition of internal cellular components like PARP enzyme and expression of genes related to cancer progression. The molecular makeup of the tumor microenvironment is also a significant factor in addressing TNBC metastasis. In conclusion, the stratification of TNBC patients on their molecular subtype needs to be more widely adopted, and a calculated combination of current and emerging strategies is needed to effectively address TNBC in the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8575520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}