International Journal of Breast Cancer最新文献_第10页

Corrigendum to "Unmet Supportive Care Needs among Breast Cancer Survivors of Community-Based Support Group in Kuching, Sarawak". “砂拉越古ching社区支援小组乳癌幸存者未获满足的支援护理需求”的勘误表。

IF 1.9

International Journal of Breast Cancer Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-08 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4935107

Emmanuel Joseph Fong, Whye Lian Cheah

引用次数: 0

Breast Cancer Status in Iran: Statistical Analysis of 3010 Cases between 1998 and 2014. 伊朗乳腺癌状况:1998年至2014年3010例病例的统计分析

IF 1.9

International Journal of Breast Cancer Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2481021

Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari, Soheila Sayad, Saed Sayad, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Leila Shojaee, Zeynab Shormeji, Mojtaba Amiri

{"title":"Breast Cancer Status in Iran: Statistical Analysis of 3010 Cases between 1998 and 2014.","authors":"Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari, Soheila Sayad, Saed Sayad, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Leila Shojaee, Zeynab Shormeji, Mojtaba Amiri","doi":"10.1155/2017/2481021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2481021","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the 5th leading cause of cancer death in Iranian women. This study analyzed 3010 women with breast cancer that had been referred to a cancer research center in Tehran between 1998 and 2014.Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 3010 breast cancer cases with 32 clinical and paraclinical attributes. We checked the data quality rigorously and removed any invalid values or records. The method was data mining (problem definition, data preparation, data exploration, modeling, evaluation, and deployment). However, only the descriptive analyses' results of the variables are presented in this article. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study on breast cancer status in Iran.Results: A typical Iranian breast cancer patient has been a 40-50-year-old married woman with two children, who has a high school diploma and no history of abortion, smoking, or diabetes. Most patients were estrogen and progesterone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor (HER) negative, and P53 negative. Most cases were detected in stage 2 with intermediate grade.Conclusion: This study revealed original findings which can be used in national policymaking to find the best early detection method and improve the care quality and breast cancer prevention in Iran.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2017 ","pages":"2481021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/2481021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35218926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 66

Association of One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification Detected Micrometastases with Tumour Biology and Adjuvant Chemotherapy. 一步核酸扩增检测微转移与肿瘤生物学和辅助化疗的关系。

IF 1.9

International Journal of Breast Cancer Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4971096

Ghaleb Goussous, Sadaf Jafferbhoy, Niamh Smyth, Lisette Hammond, Sankaran Narayanan, Robert Mark Kirby, Soni Soumian

{"title":"Association of One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification Detected Micrometastases with Tumour Biology and Adjuvant Chemotherapy.","authors":"Ghaleb Goussous, Sadaf Jafferbhoy, Niamh Smyth, Lisette Hammond, Sankaran Narayanan, Robert Mark Kirby, Soni Soumian","doi":"10.1155/2017/4971096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4971096","url":null,"abstract":"One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) is an intraoperative technique with a high sensitivity and specificity for sentinel node assessment. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of OSNA on micrometastases detection rates and use of adjuvant chemotherapy. A retrospective review of patients with sentinel node micrometastases over a five-year period was carried out and a comparison of micrometastases detection using OSNA and H&E techniques was made. Out of 1285 patients who underwent sentinel node (SLN) biopsy, 76 patients had micrometastases. Using H&E staining, 36 patients were detected with SLN micrometastases (9/year) in contrast to 40 patients in the OSNA year (40/year) (p < 0.0001), demonstrating a fourfold increase with the use of OSNA. In the OSNA group, there was also a proportional increase in Grade III, triple-negative, ER-negative, and HER-2-positive tumours being diagnosed with micrometastases. Also on interactive PREDICT tool, the number of patients with a predicted 10-year survival benefit of more than 3% with adjuvant chemotherapy increased from 52 to 70 percent. OSNA has resulted in an increased detection rate of micrometastases especially in patients with aggressive tumour biology. This increased the number of patients who had a predicted survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2017 ","pages":"4971096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/4971096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35158942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Practices of Breast Self-Examination and Associated Factors among Female Debre Berhan University Students. 德伯尔罕大学女大学生乳房自检实践及相关因素分析。

IF 1.9

International Journal of Breast Cancer Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8026297

Kalayu Birhane, Miskir Alemayehu, Belayneh Anawte, Gebru Gebremariyam, Ruth Daniel, Semeneh Addis, Teshome Worke, Abdurrahman Mohammed, Wassie Negash

{"title":"Practices of Breast Self-Examination and Associated Factors among Female Debre Berhan University Students.","authors":"Kalayu Birhane, Miskir Alemayehu, Belayneh Anawte, Gebru Gebremariyam, Ruth Daniel, Semeneh Addis, Teshome Worke, Abdurrahman Mohammed, Wassie Negash","doi":"10.1155/2017/8026297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8026297","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in Ethiopia of all female cancers. It is considered to be a progressive disease with a poor prognosis if detected late. Breast self-examination is an important prevention method of breast cancer. This study was aimed at assessing practice and associated factors of breast self-examination (BSE) among female Debre Berhan University students in Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 among 420 using self-administrated questionnaire. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were done.Results: Majority of the study participants, 338 (84.5%), were between 20 and 24 years old with the mean age of 21.1 ± 1.65. Only 14 (3.5%) had family history of breast cancer. Two hundred fifty-six (64%) of the participants had heard about BSE and 30.25% had good knowledge about BSE. Mass media were the most common source of information about breast cancer. Few of the participants (28.3%) had performed BSE. Lack of knowledge on how to perform BSE was cited as the main reason for not practicing BSE. Knowing how to perform, when to perform, and position to perform BSE and having a perception that BSE is important and useful to detect breast cancer were significant predictors of practices of BSE.Conclusions: This study revealed that most of the participants had low knowledge and practice of BSE. Therefore, it important to develop health educational programs in the university to raise awareness about BSE and breast cancer so as to practice self-breast examination.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2017 ","pages":"8026297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/8026297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35075205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 103

The Immunoexpression of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Breast Carcinomas, Lactational Change, and Normal Breast Epithelium and Its Possible Role in Mammary Carcinogenesis. 糖皮质激素受体在乳腺癌、泌乳变化和正常乳腺上皮中的免疫表达及其在乳腺癌发生中的可能作用。

IF 1.9

International Journal of Breast Cancer Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-11-19 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1403054

Raja Alyusuf, Javed Fayyaz Wazir, Urmil Prabha Brahmi, Abdul Rahman Fakhro, Moiz Bakhiet

{"title":"The Immunoexpression of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Breast Carcinomas, Lactational Change, and Normal Breast Epithelium and Its Possible Role in Mammary Carcinogenesis.","authors":"Raja Alyusuf, Javed Fayyaz Wazir, Urmil Prabha Brahmi, Abdul Rahman Fakhro, Moiz Bakhiet","doi":"10.1155/2017/1403054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1403054","url":null,"abstract":"The role of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer biology is well established. In contrast, other steroid hormones are less well studied. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to play a role in mammary development and differentiation; thus, it is of interest to attempt to delineate their immunoexpression across a spectrum of mammary epithelia. Aim. To delineate the distribution pattern of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in malignant versus nonmalignant epithelium with particular emphasis on lactational epithelium. Materials and Methods. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for GRs was performed on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 96 cases comprising 52 invasive carcinomas, 21 cases with lactational change, and 23 cases showing normal mammary tissue histology. Results. Results reveal an overexpression of GRs in mammary malignant epithelium as compared to both normal and lactational groups individually and combined. GR overexpression is significantly more pronounced in HER-2-negative cancers. Discussion. This is the first study to compare GR expression in human lactating epithelium versus malignant and normal epithelium. The article discusses the literature related to the pathobiology of GCs in the breast with special emphasis on breast cancer. Conclusion. The lactational epithelium did not show overexpression of GR, while GR was overexpressed in mammary NST (ductal) carcinoma, particularly HER-2-negative cancers.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2017 ","pages":"1403054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/1403054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35749492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Breast Cancer Profile among Patients with a History of Chemoprevention 有化学预防史患者的乳腺癌概况

IF 1.9

International Journal of Breast Cancer Pub Date : 2016-12-18 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9216375

F. Schnabel, Sarah Pivo, J. Chun, S. Schwartz, A. P. Refinetti, D. Axelrod, A. Guth

{"title":"Breast Cancer Profile among Patients with a History of Chemoprevention","authors":"F. Schnabel, Sarah Pivo, J. Chun, S. Schwartz, A. P. Refinetti, D. Axelrod, A. Guth","doi":"10.1155/2016/9216375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9216375","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. This study identifies women with breast cancer who utilized chemoprevention agents prior to diagnosis and describes their patterns of disease. Methods. Our database was queried retrospectively for patients with breast cancer who reported prior use of chemoprevention. Patients were divided into primary (no history of breast cancer) and secondary (previous history of breast cancer) groups and compared to patients who never took chemoprevention. Results. 135 (6%) of 2430 women used chemoprevention. In the primary chemoprevention group (n = 18, 1%), 39% had completed >5 years of treatment, and fully 50% were on treatment at time of diagnosis. These patients were overwhelmingly diagnosed with ER/PR positive cancers (88%/65%) and were diagnosed with equal percentages (44%) of IDC and DCIS. 117 (87%) used secondary chemoprevention. Patients in this group were diagnosed with earlier stage disease and had lower rates of ER/PR-positivity (73%/65%) than the nonchemoprevention group (84%/72%). In the secondary group, 24% were on chemoprevention at time of diagnosis; 73% had completed >5 years of treatment. Conclusions. The majority of patients who used primary chemoprevention had not completed treatment prior to diagnosis, suggesting that the timing of initiation and compliance to prevention strategies are important in defining the pattern of disease in these patients.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86448659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Matched Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Risk in Vietnam 越南乳腺癌危险因素的匹配病例对照研究

IF 1.9

International Journal of Breast Cancer Pub Date : 2016-12-13 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7164623

J. Nguyen, Q. H. Le, B. H. Duong, Ping Sun, H. Pham, V. T. Ta, J. Kotsopoulos, S. Narod, Ophira Ginsburg

{"title":"A Matched Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Risk in Vietnam","authors":"J. Nguyen, Q. H. Le, B. H. Duong, Ping Sun, H. Pham, V. T. Ta, J. Kotsopoulos, S. Narod, Ophira Ginsburg","doi":"10.1155/2016/7164623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7164623","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Vietnam has a low age-standardized incidence of breast cancer, but the incidence is rising rapidly with economic development. We report data from a matched case-control study of risk factors for breast cancer in the largest cancer hospital in Vietnam. Methods. 492 incident breast cancer cases unselected for family history or age at diagnosis and 1306 control women age 25–75 were recruited from the National Cancer Hospital (BVK), Hanoi. Structured interviews were conducted and pathology data was centrally reported at the National Cancer Hospital of Vietnam, in Hanoi. Results. Our analysis included 294 matched pairs. Mean age at diagnosis was 46.7 years. Lower mean parity, older age at first parity, increasing weight and BMI at age 18, and increasing BMI at diagnosis were positively correlated with breast cancer cases compared to controls. Age at first menarche and duration of breastfeeding were not statistically different between cases and controls. Conclusions. In this study we demonstrate that breast cancer in Vietnam is associated with some but not all of the published risk factors from Western populations. Our data is consistent with other studies of breast cancer in Asian populations.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89772825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Modified Lower Pole Autologous Dermal Sling for Implant Reconstruction in Women Undergoing Immediate Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy 改良下极自体真皮吊带在乳房切除术后立即乳房再造术中的应用

IF 1.9

International Journal of Breast Cancer Pub Date : 2016-10-05 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9301061

P. Roy

{"title":"Modified Lower Pole Autologous Dermal Sling for Implant Reconstruction in Women Undergoing Immediate Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy","authors":"P. Roy","doi":"10.1155/2016/9301061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9301061","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Autologous dermal sling with wise pattern skin reducing mastectomy allows one-stage implant reconstruction in women with large and ptotic breasts needing mastectomy for cancer or risk reduction. However, this technique is not suitable for women who lack ptosis and also carries risk of T-junction breakdown. Method. We have performed one-stage nipple sparing mastectomies with implant reconstruction in 5 women (8 breasts) by modifying the autologous dermal sling approach. All these women had small to moderate breasts with no ptosis or pseudoptosis. Results. Three women had bilateral procedures, two underwent bilateral mastectomies simultaneously, and one had contralateral risk reduction surgery a year after the cancer side operation. All women underwent direct to implant reconstruction with implant volumes varying from 320 to 375 cc. There were no implant losses and only one required further surgery to excise the nipple for positive nipple shaves. A low complication rate was encountered in this series with good aesthetic outcome. Conclusion. The modified lower pole dermal sling allows direct to implant reconstruction in selected women with small to moderate sized breasts with minimal ptosis. The approach is safe and cost-effective and results in more natural reconstruction with preservation of nipple.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76275413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Preclinical Efficacy of a Novel Paclitaxel-Loaded Alginate Nanoparticle for Breast Cancer Treatment 一种新型负载紫杉醇海藻酸盐纳米颗粒的合成、结构表征和临床前疗效

IF 1.9

International Journal of Breast Cancer Pub Date : 2016-08-30 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7549372

Ahmed A. Markeb, N. el-Maali, D. Sayed, Amany Osama, Mohamed A Y Abdel-Malek, Amen H Zaki, M. A. Elwanis, J. Driscoll

{"title":"Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Preclinical Efficacy of a Novel Paclitaxel-Loaded Alginate Nanoparticle for Breast Cancer Treatment","authors":"Ahmed A. Markeb, N. el-Maali, D. Sayed, Amany Osama, Mohamed A Y Abdel-Malek, Amen H Zaki, M. A. Elwanis, J. Driscoll","doi":"10.1155/2016/7549372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7549372","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The antitumor activity of a novel alginate (ALG) polymer-based particle that contained paclitaxel (PTX) was evaluated using human primary breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods. PTX was combined with ALG in a nanoparticle as a drug delivery system designed to improve breast cancer tumor cell killing. PTX-ALG nanoparticles were first synthesized by nanoemulsification polymer cross-linking methods that improved the aqueous solubility. Structural and biophysical properties of the PTX-ALG nanoparticles were then determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fluorescence. The effect on cell cycle progression and apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry. Results. PTX-ALG nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by ultraviolet (UV)/visible (VIS), HPLC fluorescence, and TEM. PTX-ALG nanoparticles demonstrated increased hydrophobicity and solubility over PTX alone. Synthetically engineered PTX-ALG nanoparticles promoted cell-cycle arrest, reduced viability, and induced apoptosis in human primary patient breast cancer cells superior to those of PTX alone. Conclusion. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PTX-ALG nanoparticles represent an innovative, nanoscale delivery system for the administration of anticancer agents that may avoid the adverse toxicities with enhanced antitumor effects to improve the treatment of breast cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78479571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Pattern of Breast Cancer Distribution in Ghana: A Survey to Enhance Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment 加纳乳腺癌分布模式:一项加强早期发现、诊断和治疗的调查

IF 1.9

International Journal of Breast Cancer Pub Date : 2016-08-18 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3645308

Frank Naku Ghartey Jnr, A. Anyanful, S. Eliason, Saanid Mohammed Adamu, S. Debrah

{"title":"Pattern of Breast Cancer Distribution in Ghana: A Survey to Enhance Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment","authors":"Frank Naku Ghartey Jnr, A. Anyanful, S. Eliason, Saanid Mohammed Adamu, S. Debrah","doi":"10.1155/2016/3645308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3645308","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Nearly 70% of women diagnosed with breast cancer in Ghana are in advanced stages of the disease due especially to low awareness, resulting in limited treatment success and high death rate. With limited epidemiological studies on breast cancer in Ghana, the aim of this study is to assess and understand the pattern of breast cancer distribution for enhancing early detection and treatment. Methods. We randomly selected and screened 3000 women for clinical palpable breast lumps and used univariate and bivariate analysis for description and exploration of variables, respectively, in relation to incidence of breast cancer. Results. We diagnosed 23 (0.76%) breast cancer cases out of 194 (6.46%) participants with clinically palpable breast lumps. Seventeen out of these 23 (0.56%) were premenopausal (<46.6 years) with 7 (0.23%) being below 35 years. With an overall breast cancer incidence of 0.76% in this study, our observation that about 30% of these cancer cases were below 35 years may indicate a relative possible shift of cancer burden to women in their early thirties in Ghana, compared to Western countries. Conclusion. These results suggest an age adjustment for breast cancer screening to early twenties for Ghanaian women and the need for a nationwide breast cancer screening to understand completely the pattern of breast cancer distribution in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73422611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43