Jennifer M Segar, Ritu Pandey, Kiah J Farr, Raymond Nagle, Lauren LeBeau, Victor J Gonzalez, Pavani Chalasani
{"title":"Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics of Pleomorphic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.","authors":"Jennifer M Segar, Ritu Pandey, Kiah J Farr, Raymond Nagle, Lauren LeBeau, Victor J Gonzalez, Pavani Chalasani","doi":"10.1155/2020/8816824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8816824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma (PILC) is a distinct morphological and biologically aggressive variant of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). We hypothesized that was due to de novo activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in PILC resulting in higher proliferation rate and markers of cell cycle activation. We identified PILC and ILC tumors and tested for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation by immunohistochemistry (PTEN and pS6K1) and gene expression analysis (by Nanostring nCounter system). Proliferation index (Ki67) was elevated in 85% of PILCs compared to 20% of ILCs (<i>p</i> < 0.007). PTEN expression was high in all while pS6K1 was high in 8/9 PILCs compared to 3/9 ILCs (<i>p</i> < 0.007). Gene expression analysis shows that PILCs have overexpression of genes involved in cell cycle proliferation, cellular proliferation, DNA damage, and repair genes but no difference in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway genes. PILCs are a biologically distinct group of ILC, and clinicopathological characteristics suggest they would have a more clinically aggressive behavior. In addition, our results indicate that PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway and cell cycle proliferation are activated in majority of these tumors. Further studies are needed to investigate these mechanisms as there are approved therapies available that may benefit PILCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8816824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8816824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38355936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Karima Oualla, Loay Kassem, Lamiae Nouiakh, Lamiae Amaadour, Zineb Benbrahim, Samia Arifi, Nawfel Mellas","doi":"10.1155/2020/8209173","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/8209173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It accounts for 15%-20% of all breast cancers and is associated with an aggressive evolution and poor outcomes with the majority of recurrences and deaths occurring in the first 5 years. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment in the absence of effective targets, but the good understanding of immune tumor microenvironment, the identification of immune-related targets, and the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in TNBC has allowed to develop promising immunotherapeutic strategies for this unique subset of breast cancer. Recently, immunotherapy is being extensively explored in TNBC and clinical trials have shown promising results. In this article, we tried to explain the rationale and mechanisms of targeting the immune system in TNBC, to report the results from recent clinical trials that put immunotherapy as a new standard of care in TNBC in addition to ongoing trials and future directions in the next decade.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8209173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8209173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38623565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Male Breast Cancer in Togo: Imaging and Clinicopathological Findings.","authors":"Tchin Darre, Mazamaesso Tchaou, Toukilnan Djiwa, Panakinao Simgban, Ayi Kossi Amavi, Bidamin N'Timon, Abdoulatif Amadou, Mayi Bombonne, Bagassam Sama, Koffi Amégbor, Gado Napo-Koura","doi":"10.1155/2020/3056067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3056067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer in men is a rare condition, often diagnosed late. The purpose of this study was to describe its epidemiological, histopathological, and radiographic aspects in Togo.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a descriptive retrospective study on cases of breast cancer in humans diagnosed histologically at the Laboratory of Anatomy Pathological and Imagery of the University Hospital in Lomé, over a period of 25 years (1995 to 2019). The parameters studied were epidemiological, anatomopathological, and imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-two (82) cases were diagnosed, an annual frequency of 3.28 cases. The mean age was 45 ± 2.5 years; the range was 27-63 years. The family history of 47 patients (57.32%) was known. Carcinomas represented the predominant histological group with predominantly nonspecific invasive carcinoma (87.5%). These cancers were diagnosed at late stages (75.71% grade II). They were mainly of luminal B profile (38.75%) and associated with mutations of the BRCA2 and BRCA1 genes in 14.63% of the cases. The lesions were classified ACR 5 in 61.5% (11/18). Two cases of breast angiosarcoma were diagnosed by the identification of CD31 markers and factor VIII in immunohistochemistry. Hormone therapy such as tamoxifen was prescribed in all luminal patients (43 patients). Radiotherapy was administered to 15 patients (18.3%), with acute toxicity in 20% of the cases. After a median follow-up of 36 months, the evolution was complete remission in 27 patients (32.93%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breast cancer in men is rare, often diagnosed late with a poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3056067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3056067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38386576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth J Anderson, Lea E Mollon, Joni L Dean, Terri L Warholak, Ayal Aizer, Emma A Platt, Derek H Tang, Lisa E Davis
{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Diagnostic Workup of PIK3CA Mutations in HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer.","authors":"Elizabeth J Anderson, Lea E Mollon, Joni L Dean, Terri L Warholak, Ayal Aizer, Emma A Platt, Derek H Tang, Lisa E Davis","doi":"10.1155/2020/3759179","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/3759179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PIK3CA mutation frequency varies among breast cancer (BC) subtypes. Recent evidence suggests combination therapy with the PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki) alpelisib and endocrine therapy (ET) improves response rates and progression-free survival (PFS) in <i>PIK3CA</i>-mutant, hormone receptor positive (HR+) BC versus ET alone; thus, better understanding the clinical and epidemiologic elements of these mutations is warranted. This systematic review characterizes the <i>PIK3CA</i> mutation epidemiology, type of testing approaches (e.g., liquid or tissue tumor biopsy), and stability/concordance (e.g., consistency in results by liquid versus solid tumor sample, by the same method over time) in patients with HR+/HER2- advanced (locally unresectable) or metastatic disease (HR+/HER2- mBC) and explores performance (e.g., pairwise concordance, sensitivity, specificity, or predictive value) of respective mutation findings. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and select conference abstracts (i.e., AACR, ASCO, SABCS, ECCO, and ESMO conferences between 2014 and 2017) identified 39 studies of patients with HR+, HER2- mBC. The median prevalence of <i>PIK3CA</i> mutation was 36% (range: 13.3% to 61.5%); identified testing approaches more commonly used tissue over liquid biopsies and primarily utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or Sanger sequencing. There was concordance and stability between tissues (range: 70.4% to 94%) based on limited data. Given the clinical benefit of the PI3Ki alpelisib in patients with PIK3CA mutant HR+/HER2- mBC, determination of tumor <i>PIK3CA</i> mutation status is of importance in managing patients with HR+/HER2- mBC. Prevalence of this mutation and utility of test methodologies likely warrants <i>PIK3CA</i> mutation testing in all patients with this breast cancer subtype via definitive assessment of PIK3CA mutational status.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3759179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3759179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38135937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roya Dolatkhah, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Mehrnaz Hosseinalifam, Sepideh Sepahi, Mina Belalzadeh, Marzieh Nezamdoust, Saeed Dastgiri
{"title":"Breast Cancer Survival and Incidence: 10 Years Cancer Registry Data in the Northwest, Iran.","authors":"Roya Dolatkhah, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Mehrnaz Hosseinalifam, Sepideh Sepahi, Mina Belalzadeh, Marzieh Nezamdoust, Saeed Dastgiri","doi":"10.1155/2020/1963814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1963814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from East Azerbaijan cancer registry database for the 10-year period between 2007 and 2016. Survival analysis was performed to calculate the breast cancer-specific survival proportions and mortality rates. Joinpoint trend analysis was performed to estimate the incidence trend of the cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total number of 4989 patients were recorded with primary diagnosis of breast cancer. Of them, we collected follow-up data for 1335 (1309 female and 26 male). The 10-year crude mortality rate was 3.34 (per 100,000). The one-, two-, three-, five-, and ten-year breast cancer-specific survival proportions were 0.92 (95% CI 0.91-0.93), 0.88 (95% CI 0.86-0.90), 0.84 (95% CI 0.83-0.86), 0.77 (95% CI 0.74-0.80), and 0.65 (95% CI 0.60-0.70), respectively. Over the study period, the age-standardized incidence rates increased from 21.68 to 36.99 (per 100,000) with an annual percentage change of 5.5 percent. Older individuals and males patients had significantly worse survival, and patients with high-grade tumors had significantly higher risk of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A relatively better survival for breast cancer in East Azerbaijan, Iran, was observed compared to the overall breast cancer-specific survival proportions and mortality rates in the country. However, it is still poor compared to the developed countries indicating that inappropriate treatment modalities might have played a role on this.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1963814"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1963814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37937979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatiana S Kalinina, Vladislav V Kononchuk, Alisa K Yakovleva, Efim Y Alekseenok, Sergey V Sidorov, Lyudmila F Gulyaeva
{"title":"Association between Lymph Node Status and Expression Levels of Androgen Receptor, miR-185, miR-205, and miR-21 in Breast Cancer Subtypes.","authors":"Tatiana S Kalinina, Vladislav V Kononchuk, Alisa K Yakovleva, Efim Y Alekseenok, Sergey V Sidorov, Lyudmila F Gulyaeva","doi":"10.1155/2020/3259393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3259393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Difficulties in treating breast cancer are associated with the occurrence of metastases at early stages of disease, leading to its further progression. Recent studies have shown that changes in androgen receptor (AR) and microRNAs' expressions are associated with mammary gland carcinogenesis, in particular, with the formation of metastases. Thus, to identify novel metastatic markers, we evaluated the expression levels of AR; miR-185 and miR-205, both of which have been confirmed to target AR; and miR-21, transcription of which is regulated by AR, in breast cancer samples (<i>n</i> = 89). Here, we show that the molecular subtypes of breast cancer differ in the expression profiles of AR and AR-associated microRNAs. In addition, the expression of AR and these microRNAs may depend on the expression of PR, ER, and HER2 receptors. Our results show that the possibility of using AR and microRNAs as markers depends on the tumor subtype: a decrease in AR expression may be the marker for the presence of lymph node metastases in patients with HER2-positive subtypes of breast cancer, and disturbance of miR-205, miR-185, and miR-21 expressions may be the marker in patients with a luminal B HER2-positive subtype. Cases with metastases in this type of breast cancer are characterized by a higher level of miR-205 and a lower level of miR-185 and miR-21 in tumor tissues compared to nonmetastatic cases. A decrease in the miR-185 level is also associated with lymph node metastasis in luminal B HER2-negative breast cancer. Thus, the expression levels of AR, miR-185, miR-205, and miR-21 can serve as markers to predict cancer spread to the lymph node in luminal B- and HER2-positive subtypes of breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3259393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3259393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37904617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Female Breast Cancer Patients, Mastectomy-Related Quality of Life: Experience from Ethiopia.","authors":"Engida Abebe, Kassaw Demilie, Befekadu Lemmu, Kirubel Abebe","doi":"10.1155/2020/8460374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8460374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mastectomy is the most common form of treatment for a developing-nation woman diagnosed with breast cancer. This can have huge effect on a women's quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess mastectomy-related quality of life in female breast cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A facility-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from February 1<sup>st</sup> to July 30<sup>th</sup>, 2018. A pretested structured data collection format was used to interview patients. The European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Breast Cancer-Specific (EORTC QLQ-BR23) were used to evaluate quality of life, functional capacity, and symptom scales. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the 86 patients was 43.2 years (SD ± 11.4) and ranged from 25 to 70 years. 54.7% (47) of patient's mastectomy was done on the right side. Based on EORTC QLQ-C30 global health status/QOL scale, the mean score was 48.3. On the evaluation of EORTC QLQ-BR23, future perspective about their health was low with a mean of 40.3 and their sexual functioning and enjoyment were significantly affected with mean scores of 85.3 and 71.2, respectively. Symptom scales were low with mean from 19.1 to 24.5. Majority (49, 57%) of respondents do not want to have breast reconstruction after mastectomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy performed poor in terms of quality of life as compared to international findings which demands attention in incorporating psychosocial aspects in the treatment plan.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8460374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8460374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37867103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Aizat Abdul Aziz, Md Salzihan Md Salleh, Ravindran Ankathil
{"title":"Clinicopathological and Prognostic Characteristics of Malaysian Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing TAC Chemotherapy Regimen.","authors":"Ahmad Aizat Abdul Aziz, Md Salzihan Md Salleh, Ravindran Ankathil","doi":"10.1155/2020/8424365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8424365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with aggressive tumour phenotype and early tumour relapse following diagnosis. Generally, clinicopathological features such as tumour size, patient's age at diagnosis, tumour histology subtypes, grade and stage, involvement of lymph nodes, and menopausal status are commonly used for predicting disease progression, prospects of recurrence, and treatment response. Prognostic value of clinicopathological features on Malaysian TNBC patients is limited. Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the association of clinicopathological features on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of Malaysian TNBC patients undergoing TAC chemotherapy. Seventy-six (76) immunohistochemistry-confirmed TNBC patients were recruited. The clinicopathological features of TNBC patients were collected and recorded. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank followed by a Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed to evaluate the TNBC patients' survival. Out of 76 TNBC patients, 25 were chemoresistant and 51 were chemoresponders to the TAC chemotherapy regimen. The overall 5-year cumulative DFS and OS of TNBC patients were 63.5% and 76.3%, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that medullary and metaplastic histology subtypes and positive axillary lymph node metastasis were significant prognostic factors associated with relapse with adjusted HR: 5.76, 95% CI: 2.35, 14.08 and adjusted HR: 3.55, 95% CI: 1.44, 8.74, respectively. Moreover, TNBC patients with medullary and metaplastic histology subtypes and positive axillary lymph node metastases had a higher risk to death than patients who had infiltrating ductal carcinoma and negative axillary lymph node metastasis (adjusted HR: 8.30, 95% CI: 2.38, 28.96 and adjusted HR: 6.12, 95% CI: 1.32, 28.42, respectively). Our results demonstrate the potential use of medullary and metaplastic histology subtype and positive axillary lymph node metastasis as a potential biomarker in predicting relapse and survival of the TNBC patients. This warrants further studies on intensification of chemotherapy and also identification and development of targeted therapy to reduce relapses and improve survival of TNBC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8424365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8424365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37849631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arooj Shafiq, January Moore, Aliya Suleman, Sabeen Faiz, Omar Farooq, Adnan Arshad, Mohammad Tehseen, Ammarah Zafar, Syed Haider Ali, Nasir Ud Din, Asif Loya, Neelam Siddiqui, Fatima K Rehman
{"title":"Elevated Soluble Galectin-3 as a Marker of Chemotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Arooj Shafiq, January Moore, Aliya Suleman, Sabeen Faiz, Omar Farooq, Adnan Arshad, Mohammad Tehseen, Ammarah Zafar, Syed Haider Ali, Nasir Ud Din, Asif Loya, Neelam Siddiqui, Fatima K Rehman","doi":"10.1155/2020/4824813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4824813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a glycan-binding lectin with a debated role in cancer progression due to its various functions and patterns of expression. The current study investigates the relationship between breast cancer prognosis and secreted Gal-3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Breast cancer patients with first time cancer diagnosis and no prior treatment (<i>n</i> = 88) were placed in either adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting based on their treatment modality. Stromal and plasma Gal-3 levels were measured in each patient at the time of diagnosis and then throughout treatment using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA, respectively. Healthy women (>18 years of age, <i>n</i> = 63) were used to establish baseline levels of plasma Gal-3. Patients were followed for 84 months for disease-free survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enhanced levels of plasma (adjuvant) and stromal (neoadjuvant) Gal-3 were found to be markers of chemotherapy efficacy. The patients with chemotherapy-induced increase in extracellular Gal-3 had longer disease-free interval and significantly lower rate of recurrence during 84-month follow-up compared to patients with unchanged or decreased secretion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings support the use of plasma Gal-3 as a marker for chemotherapy efficacy when no residual tumor is visible through imaging. Furthermore, stromal levels in any remaining tumors postchemotherapy can also be used to predict long-term prognosis in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"2020 ","pages":"4824813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/4824813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37787779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arooj Shafiq, January F Moore, A. Suleman, S. Faiz, Omar Farooq, A. Arshad, Mohammad Tehseen, A. Zafar, Syed Haider Ali, N. Din, A. Loya, N. Siddiqui, F. Rehman
{"title":"Elevated Soluble Galectin-3 as a Marker of Chemotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study","authors":"Arooj Shafiq, January F Moore, A. Suleman, S. Faiz, Omar Farooq, A. Arshad, Mohammad Tehseen, A. Zafar, Syed Haider Ali, N. Din, A. Loya, N. Siddiqui, F. Rehman","doi":"10.1101/2020.02.27.968073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.27.968073","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a glycan-binding lectin with a debated role in cancer progression due to its various functions and patterns of expression. The current study investigates the relationship between breast cancer prognosis and secreted Gal-3. Methods Breast cancer patients with first time cancer diagnosis and no prior treatment (n=88) were placed in either adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting based on their treatment modality. Stromal and plasma Gal-3 levels were measured in each patient at the time of diagnosis and then throughout treatment using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA respectively. Healthy women (>18 years of age, n=63) were used to establish baseline levels of plasma Gal-3. Patients were followed for 84 months for disease free survival analysis. Results Enhanced levels of plasma (adjuvant) and stromal (neo-adjuvant) Gal-3 were found to be markers of chemotherapy efficacy. The patients with chemotherapy induced increase in extracellular Gal-3 had longer disease-free interval and significantly lower rate of recurrence during 84-month follow-up compared to patients with unchanged or decreased secretion. Conclusion The findings support the use of plasma Gal-3 as a marker for chemotherapy efficacy when no residual tumor is visible through imaging. Furthermore, stromal levels in any remaining tumors post chemotherapy can also be used to predict long term prognosis in patients. Key points Increased Gal-3 secretion due to chemotherapy leads to better prognosis and longer disease-free survival. The analysis of soluble Gal-3 expression could be useful as a support tool in predicting treatment efficacy in patients with no visible tumor remaining for follow up through imaging.","PeriodicalId":46159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Breast Cancer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88241829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}