Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Comment on: Precision geospatial targeting for cost-effective tuberculosis case finding in Eastern Uganda: A quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Nicky McCreesh, Palwasha Y Khan","doi":"10.1177/20499361261477179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20499361261477179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261477179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensitrelvir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were moderately to severely immunocompromised: a single-center cohort study.","authors":"Masaya Yamato, Masahiro Kinoshita, Yuki Yoshida, Yudai Yamamoto, Rie Izuhara, Takuhiro Sonoyama","doi":"10.1177/20499361261464359","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261464359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunocompromised patients have a risk of severe COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the outcomes of ensitrelvir in hospitalized immunocompromised patients with COVID-19, with remdesivir as a reference.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single-center retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed patients with moderate/severe immunodeficiency who received ensitrelvir or remdesivir as initial therapy. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were time to discharge and viral clearance. Exploratory analyses used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity scores and Cox proportional-hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 56 patients (22 ensitrelvir; 34 remdesivir), 28-day mortality was 4.5% versus 8.8%, respectively. Time to discharge and viral clearance were similar. IPTW-adjusted 28-day mortality was 4.2% with ensitrelvir and 10.7% with remdesivir (hazard ratio 0.39; 95% CI 0.04-3.64).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this small, single-center exploratory cohort, ensitrelvir was associated with low mortality, although comparison with remdesivir should be interpreted cautiously given treatment selection, treatment switching, and limited sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261464359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjunctive corticosteroids in non-HIV immunocompromised patients with <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Gustavo Rosales-Chavez, Pedro Martínez-Ayala, Mauricio Alfredo Ambriz-Alarcón, Brian Rafael Rubio-Mora, Judith Carolina De Arcos-Jiménez, Ana María López-Yáñez, Alejandro Marín-Castañeda-Barón, Andrés Alejandro Briseño-Hernández, José Rafael Villafán-Bernal, Jaime Alejandro Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Jaime Briseno-Ramirez","doi":"10.1177/20499361261468451","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261468451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia (PJP) in non-HIV immunocompromised adults carries 30%-60% mortality. Adjunctive corticosteroids are standard in HIV-PJP but remain contested in non-HIV PJP.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine whether adjunctive corticosteroids reduce mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in non-HIV PJP, and whether effect estimates differ between randomized and observational study designs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>Six databases and two trial registers were searched from inception to February 7, 2026. Randomized and observational studies comparing adjunctive corticosteroids versus no corticosteroids or placebo in non-HIV adults with PJP were eligible. Random-effects meta-analyses (restricted maximum likelihood) of two co-primary outcomes included subgroup, sensitivity, <i>E</i>-value, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight studies were included (one randomized controlled trial (RCT), 27 observational; <math><mrow><mi>∼</mi></mrow> </math> 5300 patients): 22 contributed corticosteroid-versus-no-corticosteroid comparisons and six contributed dose-comparison data only. Evidence was discordant by design (interaction <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>006</mn></mrow> </math> ): the RCT showed lower IMV (hazard ratio (HR) 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.90) and lower 90-day mortality (HR 0.59, 0.37-0.93); regression-adjusted observational studies suggested harm (odds ratio (OR) 1.56, 1.10-2.22); propensity-based estimates were null-compatible. Pre-specified mortality pools were non-significant short-term (OR 1.22, 0.88-1.70) and intermediate-term (OR 1.39, 0.85-2.29). Secondary infections ( <math><mrow><mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn></mrow> </math> ): OR 1.04 (0.63-1.72); RCT 0.59 (0.32-1.06). <i>E</i>-values for RCT effects (3.44 IMV; 2.24 mortality) exceeded the 1.81 <i>E</i>-value of the adjusted observational mortality pool. Certainty was very low for pooled mortality and moderate for RCT outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reliable inference rests on the single RCT rather than the pooled observational estimate, which is discordant by design and most consistent with confounding by indication. In the RCT, corticosteroids did not significantly reduce 28-day mortality but lowered IMV and 90-day mortality and sped respiratory recovery, without clear excess secondary infections (low certainty). Corticosteroids may be considered for severe respiratory failure using the PIC (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02944045) protocol; adequately powered confirmatory trials are needed. <b><i>Trial registration</i>:</b> PROSPERO CRD420261304396.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261468451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of dolutegravir resistance among people living with HIV with virologic failure in North-Eastern Uganda: a retrospective cross-sectional study (2022-2024).","authors":"Saadick Mugerwa Ssentongo, Hamidah Kakooza Mulungi, Ronald Opito, William Okello, Connie Nait, Ivan Katende, Baker Bakashaba, Bonniface Oryokot","doi":"10.1177/20499361261467152","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261467152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2016, Uganda adopted the WHO HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) monitoring strategy to track treatment outcomes following the introduction of a dolutegravir (DTG) based regimen as first line among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, despite widespread transition to DTG-based regimens, evidence on acquired DTG resistance and its determinants remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence of acquired DTG resistance among PLHIV with virologic failure and identify associated factors in North-Eastern Uganda.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study from 24 accredited antiretroviral therapy health facilities in North-Eastern Uganda by 28th February 2025.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included eligible PLHIV on DTG-based regimens with at least 2 viral loads >1000 copies/mL and a documented HIV genotypic resistance testing result between April 2022 and July 2024. Clinical data were extracted from the national drug resistance dashboard and verified against facility electronic medical records. Logistic regression via generalised estimating equations (GEE) was used to identify factors associated with DTG resistance. A <i>p</i>-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 225 participants, the median age was 19 years (interquartile range: 15-39), and 55.1% (<i>n</i> = 124) were male. The prevalence of high-level to intermediate DTG resistance was 18.7% (<i>n</i> = 42), with 14.2% (<i>n</i> = 32) having high-level resistance to DTG and 4.4% (<i>n</i> = 10) intermediate resistance. Most participants were unemployed (60.0%, <i>n</i> = 135) and had not disclosed their HIV status (74.2%, <i>n</i> = 167). DTG resistance was associated with presence of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) drug resistance mutations (DRMs) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR); 12.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.14-35.65, <i>p</i> < 0.001), poor adherence (aOR; 6.19, 95% CI: 2.54-15.11, <i>p</i> = 0.001), DTG use ⩾ 3 years (aOR; 9.19, 95% CI: 1.60-52.74, <i>p</i> = 0.013), and alcohol/substance abuse (aOR; 3.94, 95% CI: 1.74-8.91, <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly one in five PLHIV with virologic failure exhibited DTG resistance, predominantly high-level. Key associated factors included poor adherence, being on DTG for ⩾3 years, alcohol/substance abuse, and the presence of relevant NRTI DRM. Strengthening family and peer support, integrating substance abuse screening and management in HIV care, and improving adherence may help reduce the risk of DTG resistance. These findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced HIVDR monitoring and tailored interventions to sustain progress toward HIV epidemic control by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261467152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Artificial Intelligence and Digitalisation consensus statements on key aspects in the interaction of clinical microbiologists and infectious disease specialists with general-purpose large language model-based systems: project protocol.","authors":"Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Riccardo Lucis, Suryabrata Banerjee, Giorgia Carra, Eric Dexter, Benjamin McFadden, Alberto Rizzo","doi":"10.1177/20499361261467605","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261467605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>General-purpose large language model (LLM)-based systems are increasingly accessible to clinicians and are being explored for applications in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (ID). However, rapid adoption has outpaced the development of specialty-specific guidance, raising concerns related to safety, reliability, accountability, and antimicrobial stewardship.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The project aims to develop consensus-based statements, endorsed by Study Group for Artificial Intelligence and Digitalisation of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESGAID), that describe principles, opportunities, and limitations in the interactions of clinical microbiologists and ID specialists with general-purpose LLM-based systems. Secondary objectives are to quantify expert agreement and identify areas of uncertainty and disagreement.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The project follows a structured expert consensus design using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>A multidisciplinary panel of 15 experts will be selected through ESGAID using predefined criteria to ensure balanced expertise across clinical microbiology, infectious diseases, ethics, legal aspects, and patient safety. Ten draft statements, each supported by a structured literature review, will be developed by project coordinators. Statements will be evaluated through iterative rounds of anonymous rating on a 1-9 scale, combined with moderated remote discussions. Median scores will classify statements as supported, uncertain, or unsupported. Consensus will be defined as ⩾70% agreement with <15% disagreement during final anonymous voting.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This protocol provides a transparent and reproducible framework to generate interim, specialty-specific statements on principles, opportunities, and limitations in the interactions of clinical microbiologists and ID specialists with general-purpose LLM-based systems. By combining structured evidence review with expert judgment, the resulting statements aim to delineate guidance on principles for interacting with these systems, highlight the nature of both existing risks and excessive skepticism, and identify research priorities in a rapidly evolving technological and regulatory landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261467605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Magnusiomyces clavatus</i> fungemia treated with combination antifungals including isavuconazole in an immunocompromised pediatric patient: a case report.","authors":"Amanda Z McPherson, Matthew Miller, Kacie Rytlewski, Samantha Bacon, Kira E Frappa","doi":"10.1177/20499361261457479","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261457479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Magnusiomyces clavatus</i>, formerly <i>Saprochaete clavata</i> or <i>Geotrichum clavatum</i>, is an ascomycetous yeast found in the environment as well as the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of humans. It has been described as an emerging, albeit rare, cause of invasive fungal disease affecting immunocompromised patients. Intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and echinocandins has been theorized; however, little else is known regarding optimal treatment regimens for this opportunistic pathogen. To our knowledge, only 13 infectious cases have been described in pediatric patients, all of which utilized a combination of antifungals including liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) and voriconazole with or without flucytosine (5-FC). Here we report a case of a 4-year-old, 12.3 kg, female patient who immigrated from Ukraine and was admitted to our institution for an allogeneic umbilical cord blood transplant in the setting of bone marrow failure secondary to Fanconi anemia. On day +6 after cell transplantation, the patient developed febrile neutropenia found to be because of invasive <i>M. clavatus</i> fungemia on day +7. The patient was empirically treated with LAmB, micafungin, and posaconazole (POS), the latter of which failed to reach therapeutic levels. Ultimately, our patient defervesced and cleared blood cultures after transitioning LAmB to 5-FC, followed by definitive treatment with isavuconazole (ISA) monotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case of pediatric <i>M. clavatus</i> ultimately treated with 5-FC plus POS followed by ISA alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261457479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> infection in a patient with cutaneous visceral loxoscelism: paediatric case report.","authors":"Blanca Salazar-Mesones, Laura Melissa Mori-Llontop, Alfredo Chiappe-Gonzalez, Claudia Lazarte-Rantes, Shaila Contreras-Alvitez, Cecilia Peñaloza-Ore, Luis A Marcos, José W López","doi":"10.1177/20499361261430150","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261430150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the case of a 9-year-old girl from the Peruvian Andean Region (Ancash), diagnosed with fascioliasis, who was also suffering from severe malnutrition. Initially, she was referred for treatment of skin necrosis caused by cutaneous visceral loxoscelism, but during hospitalisation she developed persistent vomiting and pancreatitis. Magnetic resonance cholangiography showed dilation of the intrahepatic and common bile ducts. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography identified an adult <i>Fasciola</i> spp. specimen. She also expelled adult worms of <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> during vomiting. Delivery of triclabendazole was initiated via a nasogastric tube initially and subsequently via the rectal route, although absorption was limited due to persistent oral intolerance. The patient later developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding and sepsis of abdominal origin and died. During this period, the patient remained on broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, although sepsis was attributed to persistent biliary obstruction. Fascioliasis and ascariasis should remain in the differential diagnosis for pancreatitis and cholestasis in paediatric patients from endemic areas. Oral triclabendazole is the treatment of choice for fascioliasis, but surgical management should be considered in cases of persistent biliary obstruction or treatment failure, usually seen in complicated chronic infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261430150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence among people with sickle cell disease in Uganda: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Winnie Kibone, Conrad Muzoora, Felix Bongomin, Amelia Margaret Namiiro, Samuel Ssenkungu, Sam J Gebeh, Heavenlight A Paulo, Philip Kasirye, Davidson H Hamer","doi":"10.1177/20499361261467160","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261467160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral hepatitis is a major cause of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, with significant morbidity and mortality. Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection due to frequent transfusions. Despite the high burden of HCV in Uganda, recent data on HCV seroprevalence among individuals with SCD are limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine HCV seroprevalence and describe characteristics among patients with SCD receiving care at Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH), Kampala, Uganda.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Hospital-based cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with SCD attending the MNRH outpatient SCD clinic in Kampala, Uganda, were recruited between July and September 2025. Sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standardized scales. HCV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HIV rapid tests were performed. Data were analyzed using the SAS statistical package version 9.4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 119 participants with SCD enrolled, with a mean age of 13.1 years, and 55.5% (<i>n</i> = 66) were male. Most participants had a SCD diagnosis for 6 years or longer. HCV seroprevalence was 12.6% (<i>n</i> = 15). All HCV-seropositive participants were less than 18 years, with nearly two-thirds of those aged 9-17 years (66.7%, <i>n</i> = 10). Nearly all HCV-seropositive participants had a history of blood transfusion (<i>n</i> = 14, 93.3%), with 53.3% (<i>n</i> = 8) reporting three or more transfusions. Only one participant (0.84%) tested positive for HIV, and none tested positive for HBsAg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed a high seroprevalence of HCV among individuals with SCD in Uganda. Strengthening routine HCV screening, linkage to care, and infection prevention, including within blood transfusion services, is needed. Larger studies incorporating HCV RNA testing are recommended to assess the true burden of active infection and risk factors among patients with SCD to inform targeted prevention, screening, and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261467160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Aedes albopictus</i> in the department of Magdalena, Colombia: spread to the northernmost of the country and implications for arboviral disease transmission.","authors":"Erik Perdomo-Balaguera, Katiuska Ariza-Campo, Libardo Atencio, José A Usme-Ciro, Gabriel Parra-Henao","doi":"10.1177/20499361261465558","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261465558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Aedes albopictus</i> is widely distributed throughout the world. It was introduced into the Americas in 1985 and has been incriminated as secondary vector for arboviruses. In Colombia, this species has been reported in 15 of the 32 departments, mainly in lowlands of the central and southern part of the country.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the presence of <i>A. albopictus</i> in the department of Magdalena, Colombia.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A descriptive and cross-sectional entomological study was performed in the department of Magdalena, Colombia, between June and December 2025.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Larvae and adult mosquitoes were collected in the intra-, peri-domicile, and surrounding area of six municipalities, as part of the routine entomological surveillance. Subsequently, the specimens were mounted and used for species identification through classical taxonomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Entomological specimens (larvae and adults) collected in all six municipalities were identified as <i>A. albopictus</i> at the entomology unit of the Public Health Laboratory of Magdalena and confirmed by the national health authorities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The detection of <i>A. albopictus</i> in this department highlights the importance of continuous entomological surveillance, especially in hyperendemic areas where several dengue virus serotypes and other arboviruses cocirculate and constitute a high disease burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261465558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute respiratory infections and associated factors among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel modified Poisson regression analysis of the latest DHS data.","authors":"Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh","doi":"10.1177/20499361261467151","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261467151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Although several individual- and household-level factors have been associated with ARI, previous studies in the region have largely been limited to single-country analyses, older datasets, or conventional regression approaches that did not account for the hierarchical structure of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data. Furthermore, evidence based on recent multicountry data collected after COVID-19 pandemic remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the prevalence of ARI and associated factors among children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using nationally representative DHS data collected between 2021 and 2024 from 11 sub-Saharan African countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A weighted sample of 67,134 children aged 0-59 months with complete information on ARI was included in the analysis. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation. Given the hierarchical structure of DHS data, a multilevel modified Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was employed to identify individual- and community-level factors associated with ARI. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of ARI among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa was 31.0% (95% CI: 30.6-31.5). ARI prevalence was higher among children of mothers aged 35-49 years (APR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02-1.25) and wasted children (APR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05-1.50), and in households using polluted cooking fuels (APR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05-1.42). Lower prevalence was observed among children from rich households (APR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75-0.98), with household media exposure (APR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.78-0.93), delivered in health institutions (APR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99), and residing in communities with high media exposure (APR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83-0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ARI remains highly prevalent among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa. Individual and household factors, including maternal age, child nutritional status, household wealth, type of cooking fuel, place of delivery, and media exposure, are significantly associated with ARI, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce its burden.</p><p><strong>Trail registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261467151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}