Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"The impact of climate change on the epidemiology of fungal infections: implications for diagnosis, treatment, and public health strategies.","authors":"Mary E George, Tonisha T Gaitor, David B Cluck, Andrés F Henao-Martínez, Nicholas R Sells, Daniel B Chastain","doi":"10.1177/20499361251313841","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361251313841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic climate change, primarily driven by greenhouse gas emissions, is reshaping ecosystems and creating conditions that affect 58% of all known human infectious diseases, including fungal infections. Specifically, increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events are influencing fungal growth, distribution, and virulence. These factors may expand the geographic range of pathogenic fungi, exposing populations to novel, potentially more virulent, or drug-resistant strains. Simultaneously, human factors such as declining immunity, aging populations, and increased use of immunosuppressive therapies are enhancing host susceptibility. This review explores the intricate relationship between climate change and fungal infections, highlighting pathogens that may demonstrate increased virulence and antifungal resistance, along with emerging novel pathogens. The clinical implications are profound, with increased morbidity, mortality, and the spread of fungal infections into new regions. Immediate action is required to develop policies, educational initiatives, and novel antifungal therapies, enhance early diagnostic capabilities, and address healthcare disparities to mitigate the growing burden of fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20499361251313841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11815821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a nurse-driven protocol for indwelling urinary catheter removal and novel utilization dashboard: a pre/postintervention observational study.","authors":"Michelle Kamel, Nichole Harris, Andrew Berry, Theodore Warsavage, Mary T Bessesen, Shelley E Kon","doi":"10.1177/20499361251317900","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361251317900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nurse-driven protocols (NDPs) for urinary catheter removal are proven tools for decreasing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs); however, they are not used consistently in acute care settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the impact of a NDP for urinary catheter removal on CAUTI rates and device utilization ratio.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Pre/postintervention, observational study at a 160-bed, level 1a academically affiliated Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CAUTI rates and device utilization ratios were examined before and after implementation of the NDP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CAUTI rate decreased from 0.99 per 1,000 urinary catheter days in the preintervention period to 0.27 per 1000 urinary catheter days in the postintervention period. The device utilization ratio (catheter days/patient days) decreased from 14% in the preintervention period to 12% in the postintervention period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NDP reduced the CAUTI rate and the device utilization ratio. A multidisciplinary project team and use of a data visualization dashboard may be valuable implementation strategies to increase utilization of NDPs such as HOUDINI.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20499361251317900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spacetime modeling of mortality by infectious and parasitic diseases in Brazil: a 20-year ecological and population-based study.","authors":"Lucas Almeida Andrade, Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza, Wandklebson Silva da Paz, Danilo de Gois Souza, José Augusto Passos Góes, Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo, Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa, Liliane Moretti Carneiro, Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes, Karina Machado Araújo, Allan Dantas Dos Santos, Márcio Bezerra-Santos","doi":"10.1177/20499361251313830","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361251313830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious and parasitic diseases (IPDs) encompass a broad range of illnesses predominantly associated with poverty. They are more prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, including Brazil, where they continue to be among the leading causes of mortality.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of mortality due to IPDs in Brazil from 2000 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an ecological study using data on mortality by IPDs from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. We applied the segmented log-linear regression model to assess temporal trends. For spatial analysis, we used the local empirical Bayesian estimator and Moran indices. Retrospective spatiotemporal scan statistics were performed using the Poisson Probability Distribution Model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2000 and 2019, there were 2,155,513 deaths related to IPDs in Brazil. The leading causes of death included acute respiratory infections (<i>n</i> = 1,130,069; 52.49%), septicemia (<i>n</i> = 289,817; 13.46%), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (<i>n</i> = 232,892; 10.82%), tuberculosis (<i>n</i> = 104,121; 4.84%), and neglected tropical diseases such as Chagas disease (<i>n</i> = 94,788; 4.40%) and schistosomiasis (<i>n</i> = 10,272; 0.48%). An increasing temporal trend in the mortality rate from IPDs was observed in Brazil and across all its regions. Additionally, our spatiotemporal scan identified high-risk clusters of death in the Southeast and Northeast regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mortality from IPDs remains a significant public health concern in Brazil, with an increasing trend observed in all regions. Our findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive intersectoral public policies. These policies should focus on a greater allocation of resources and investments in the most critical areas, aiming to significantly reduce the number of deaths, particularly in the most vulnerable regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20499361251313830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The JN.1 variant of COVID-19: immune evasion, transmissibility, and implications for global health.","authors":"Araj Naveed Siddiqui, Imshaal Musharaf, Bashar Haruna Gulumbe","doi":"10.1177/20499361251314763","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361251314763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of the COVID-19 JN.1 variant has raised global health concerns as it gains prevalence in several regions worldwide. First identified in August 2023, JN.1 evolved from the Omicron lineage's BA.2.86 subvariant. Patients infected with JN.1 commonly exhibit symptoms such as sore throat, fever, dry cough, nausea, and vomiting. While the World Health Organization has labeled JN.1 a Variant of Interest, it currently presents a low global health risk. However, its increased transmissibility, particularly in cold, dry climates, is concerning. This review provides a comprehensive overview of JN.1's biological characteristics, epidemiology, transmissibility, immune evasion, and the efficacy of existing antiviral treatments and vaccination strategies. A literature search across key databases targeted studies from January 2023 to August 2024, emphasizing recent insights into JN.1's spread and clinical impact. Findings reveal that JN.1 exhibits higher infectivity and immune evasion than previous variants, largely due to the L4555 mutation. From November 2023 to March 2024, JN.1 showed an increasing trend in transmission. Previously approved antivirals, including Paxlovid, Veklury, and Lagevrio, demonstrate effectiveness against JN.1, and current vaccines still protect against severe illness from this variant. However, vaccination rates remain low. Monitoring efforts include genomic assessments, wastewater surveillance, and digital tracking to contain the variant's spread. It is essential to encourage the public to maintain vaccination and preventive measures to reduce JN.1's impact. Continued research is critical for understanding and managing the evolving landscape of COVID-19 and its emerging variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20499361251314763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of a pilot randomized clinical trial testing brief interventions to increase HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among rural people who inject drugs attending syringe services programs.","authors":"Hilary L Surratt, Sarah Brown, Abby L Burton, Will Cranford, Laura C Fanucchi, Christie Green, Stephanie M Mersch, Rebecca Rains, Philip M Westgate","doi":"10.1177/20499361251314766","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361251314766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kentucky is one of seven states with high, sustained rural HIV transmission tied to injection drug use. Expanding access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been endorsed as a key HIV prevention strategy; however, uptake among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been negligible in rural areas. Syringe services programs (SSPs) have been implemented throughout Kentucky's Appalachian region, providing an important opportunity to integrate PrEP services.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective was to examine preliminary efficacy and effect sizes of the study interventions on PrEP initiation among HIV-negative PWID.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Parallel group randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty participants were enrolled from two rural SSP locations in southeastern Kentucky. Following informed consent, participants completed a baseline interview, and were randomized to the intervention comparators. The primary endpoint was PrEP initiation, measured by dispensed PrEP prescription, within the 6-month study period. Analyses employed intent-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 77/80 enrollees (96.2%) completed at least one session of their assigned intervention, regardless of trial arm. Seventy (87.5%) were linked to the embedded PrEP provider for the initial clinical visit; 38 (47.5%) completed a follow-up clinical visit with the provider, 22 (27.5%) were issued a prescription, and 7 (8.8%) initiated PrEP during the study period. We observed a 12.1% difference (14.6% vs 2.5%; ITT) and 12.8% difference (15.4% vs 2.6%; per protocol) in the primary outcome (PrEP initiation), in favor of the experimental intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pilot trial established proof of concept for integrated PrEP care within SSPs in rural areas, and demonstrated a clinically meaningful difference in PrEP initiation between interventions, which warrants examination in a larger trial. Rates of early care discontinuation indicate a need for ongoing patient engagement strategies and implementation support for community SSPs.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Prospective registration with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05037513 (registered August 5, 2021).</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20499361251314766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage therapy in the management of respiratory and pulmonary infections: a systematic review.","authors":"Patience Sarkodie-Addo, Abdul-Halim Osman, Bill Clinton Aglomasa, Eric S Donkor","doi":"10.1177/20499361241307841","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241307841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) pose a significant threat to global health, causing more than 2 million deaths worldwide. This menace is intensified by the alarming increase in drug resistance, which limits the availability of effective antibiotics for bacterial respiratory infections. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for alternative therapeutic options. Phage therapy (PT) has re-emerged as a promising therapeutic approach and as an adjunct to antibiotic treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review synthesises the application of PT for LRTIs in humans, providing unified and updated data on the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of PT for LRTIs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search strategy was carried out (spanning January 2000 - February 2024) in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science to retrieve published records of PT for LRTIs in humans only. The reference list of each included study was evaluated for possible inclusion of other relevant articles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 18 records that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 70 patients were administered PT. Microbiologically, 71.42% (<i>n</i> = 50/70) of the patients improved; with either the eradication of the pathogen or a decrease in bacterial load, whilst 15.71% (<i>n</i> = 11/70) did not record any improvement. About 5.71% (n = 4/70) recorded a partial/incomplete improvement, whilst 7.14% (<i>n</i> = 5/70) of the patients microbiological outcomes were unspecified. Clinically, up to 74.29% (<i>n</i> = 52/70) of the patients improved, whilst 10.00% (<i>n</i> = 7/70) of the patients showed no improvement. Another 2.86% (<i>n</i> = 2/70) recorded partial/incomplete improvement, whilst 12.86% (<i>n</i> = 9/70) were uncategorized. Phage titres that yielded positive outcomes ranged from 10⁵ to 10¹² PFU/mL. Studies that achieved a substantial phage titre at the site of infection frequently observed notable improvements. Regarding the safety of PT, 77.78% (<i>N</i> = 14/18) of the studies did not record any adverse effects after PT was administered, whilst 16.66% (<i>n</i> = 3/18) of the studies reported adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on recently published data originating mainly from observational studies, PT has shown considerable efficacy and safety in the treatment of LRTIs. However, there is a lack of uniform methodologies and protocols across different PT cases in the management of LRTIs. Consequently, there is a need for additional clinical studies to establish standardised pharmacokinetic elements and an overall protocol for PT. By doing so, we can fully unlock the potential of PT in effectively managing clinical bacterial infections, including LRTIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20499361241307841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection prevention in the immunocompromised traveler due to conditions other than transplantation: a review.","authors":"Joseph Sassine, Emily A Siegrist, Rita Wilson Dib, José Henao-Cordero, Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita","doi":"10.1177/20499361251313827","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361251313827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This narrative review explores the risks related to infection in immunocompromised travelers due to conditions other than transplantation, and evaluates the evidence behind current prophylactic strategies, including immunizations, antimicrobials, and non-pharmacological interventions, to prevent various infection and how the current evidence applies to this special patient population, from the perspective of a US-based traveler.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20499361251313827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utilization of microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing for the detection of human herpesvirus-8 in a quaternary care center.","authors":"Rebecca Berger, Jennifer Jacobe, Fernando H Centeno, Todd Lasco, Mayar Al Mohajer","doi":"10.1177/20499361251313832","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361251313832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8) can present with cutaneous or extracutaneous manifestations. While violaceous skin lesions characterize cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma, extracutaneous HHV8 is challenging to diagnose due to nonspecific symptoms.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We evaluated the role of microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing (mcfDNA NGS) in diagnosing HHV8-related illness.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2017 and 2024, we reviewed the medical charts of 10 immunosuppressed patients at a quaternary care center who had positive HHV8 mcfDNA NGS results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical and laboratory turnaround times of mcfDNA NGS were 3 and 1 days, respectively (8.5 and 7 days for immunohistochemistry vs 5.5 and 2 days for serum HHV8 polymerase chain reaction). Eight patients received HHV8-related diagnoses, while two had unrelated conditions. Management changed in six patients post-testing due to outpatient specialist referral or adjusting antimicrobials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>mcfDNA NGS can aid clinicians in identifying HHV8-related diseases before tissue sampling and adjusting treatment plans in patients with nonspecific disease manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20499361251313832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective study to evaluate high dose daptomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. infective endocarditis.","authors":"Simona De Gregori, Annalisa De Silvestri, Mara Capone, Vincenzina Monzillo, Paola Giordani, Raffaele Bruno, Elena Seminari","doi":"10.1177/20499361241296232","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241296232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Daptomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data relative to higher doses in patients are necessary for clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A monocentric, prospective study that enrolled patients with a diagnosis of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. infective endocarditis treated with daptomycin according to clinical practice, to evaluate the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of different daptomycin daily doses (group A: 8-10 and group B: 11-12 mg/kg).</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>A monocentric, prospective, cohort study that enrolled patients with a diagnosis of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. infective endocarditis treated with daptomycin. Daptomycin was administered by intravenous infusion over a 30-min period for at least five consecutive days before PK study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two patients were included. Native valve infectious endocarditis (IE) was diagnosed in 9 patients, prosthetic valve IE was diagnosed in 10 patients and 3 patients had concomitant intracardiac device infections. All patients showed a microbiologic response with negative blood cultures by day 5 (1-3 interquartile rate (IQR) 3-8). The median calculated AUC_0-24 was 1298 (1-3 IQR 1069-1484) and 1459 (1-3 IQR 1218-1711) µg*h/mL, with the corresponding clearance of 0.49 (1-3 IQR 0.37-0.57) and 0.57 (1-3 IQR 0.40-0.71) L/h, respectively. A value of area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) > 666 was reached by all patients; however, 4 out of 15 patients in group A and 1 out of 14 patients in group B did not reach the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target of 1061; therefore, AUC/MIC equal to or above 1061 was reached by 73.3% in group A and 92.9% in group B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From a PK/PD point of view, all patients reached the value of AUC/MIC > 666, while roughly 70% of patients in group A and 90% in group B reached the target value of AUC/MIC>1061. Even if this cut-off value is arbitrary, 11-12 mg/kg daily dose could be taken into consideration in case of serious infections characterised by a high inoculum or in cases of prosthetic valve infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20499361241296232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11713942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and antifungal susceptibility of <i>Candida</i> species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis and urinary tract infection in Medlatec healthcare system, Ha Noi city, Vietnam in 2023.","authors":"Pham Van Ngai, Tran Huu Dat, Luu Yen Nhi, Tran Thi Khanh Linh, Nguyen Thi Thu, Vu Lan Anh, Bui Thi Thu Dung, Pham Van Tran, Nguyen Thi Hien, Nguyen Thai Son, Trinh Thi Que, Do Ngoc Anh","doi":"10.1177/20499361241311465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20499361241311465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vulvovaginal candidiasis and urinary tract infections caused by <i>Candida</i> are common diseases. While the most common causative agent is <i>C. albicans</i>, other species, such as non-<i>C. albicans</i>, can also be responsible. Susceptibility to antifungal drugs varies among <i>Candida</i> species, but there is very limited information available from Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of <i>Candida</i> isolated from urine and vaginal samples of patients tested at the Medlatec healthcare system in 2023.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study describes a cross-sectional analysis of over 102 <i>Candida</i> isolates obtained from urine and vaginal samples of patients using the testing services at Vietnam Medlatec healthcare system from January to December 2023. Species identification of <i>Candida</i> isolates was performed using germ tube test and Vitek^® 2 systems. Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out using the VITEK^® 2 card for yeast fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for these isolates were classified according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (M27-A3 and M27M44S-ED3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this investigation, five different <i>Candida</i> species were identified. Among these isolates, <i>C. albicans</i> (78.43%) was the most frequent, followed by <i>C. tropicalis</i> (11.76%), <i>C. glabrata</i> (4.91%), <i>C. parapsilosis</i> (1.96%), and <i>C. krusei</i> (0.98%). The resistance rates to fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, and amphotericin B were 7.7%, 4.2%, 4.0%, 1.0% and 1.0%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most common species found in this population was <i>C. albicans</i>. Our findings also showed a high frequency of non-<i>albicans Candida</i> species causing fungal urinary tract infections. The resistance rates of isolated <i>Candida</i> strains to echinocandins and amphotericin B were low, while some strains were found to be resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20499361241311465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}