Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of infected diabetic foot ulcers in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.","authors":"Aaron Awere-Duodu, Frederick Kungu, Yacoba Atiase, Eric S Donkor","doi":"10.1177/20499361261452940","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261452940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are often polymicrobial infections, necessitating antibiotic therapy. However, the high prevalence of antibiotic misuse and the growing issue of antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) exacerbate the challenges in managing these ulcers, contributing to the risk of lower-limb amputations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review reported the bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance patterns associated with DFUs in LMICs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science to retrieve relevant articles, which were screened according to predefined selection criteria. Publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot and Egger's regression test. A meta-analysis was conducted in RStudio version 4.5.2, using the random-effects model. Meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were conducted to assess the sources of heterogeneity and robustness of the included studies, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequently isolated bacteria were <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (22.64%), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (12.37%), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (8.49%), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (5.19%), <i>P. mirabilis</i> (4.61%), and Coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococci</i> (4.86%). The prevalence of key antibiotic-resistant bacteria was as follows: Methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (38.65%), Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>E. coli</i> (50.74%), and ESBL-producing <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (41.54%). <i>S. aureus</i> demonstrated the highest resistance to penicillin (96.87% (93.30; 99.32)), azithromycin (76.42% (64.54; 86.65)), and cefoxitin (68.19% (46.83; 86.67)). <i>E. coli</i> showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (86.60% (77.14; 94.18)) and cotrimoxazole (69.27% (57.35; 80.18)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pathogenic bacteria isolated from DFUs in LMICs exhibit high rates of antibiotic and multidrug resistance. Alternative therapies, such as phage therapy, should be explored as potential treatments for DFUs to mitigate the impact of antibiotic resistance and decrease the rate of diabetes-related amputations.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Open Science Framework (OSF) registry, available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DPX9F.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261452940"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13583299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic factors in the selection of antivirals for COVID-19 in high-risk outpatients: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Puttirat Bunditwongpaisan, Natthakit Chavapradit","doi":"10.1177/20499361261473780","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261473780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early oral antiviral treatment reduced disease progression and hospitalisation in high-risk COVID-19 outpatients. In practice, prescribing decisions were influenced by clinical risk, drug interaction concerns, and physician judgment, even in settings where guidelines prioritised nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. This study aimed to identify the patient characteristics that independently predicted oral antiviral selection.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify (1) independent predictors of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir versus molnupiravir prescribing, and (2) predictors of receiving any potent antiviral versus no potent antiviral, among high-risk COVID-19 outpatients.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, this retrospective cohort study enrolled 450 COVID-19 outpatients between April 2022 and June 2023. Participants were randomly selected into three treatment groups of 150 each: nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, molnupiravir, and no antiviral. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify independent predictors of drug selection across demographics, comorbidities, and concomitant medications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treated patients were older than those who received no antiviral, with mean ages of 61.68 and 62.91 years in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir groups versus 43.89 years in the no-treatment cohort (p < 0.001). Comorbid disease was more prevalent in both antiviral groups. When nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir recipients were compared directly, concurrent statin use was the only variable that independently predicted a lower probability of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir being chosen (adjusted OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.79; p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Older patients and those carrying a greater comorbidity burden were prioritised for antiviral treatment in this Thai outpatient cohort. Drug-drug interaction concerns, particularly between ritonavir and statins, drove physicians toward molnupiravir even when nirmatrelvir/ritonavir would otherwise have been the preferred agent. Systematic incorporation of pharmacist-conducted medication assessment before antiviral prescribing represents a practicable strategy for reducing avoidable drug substitution in high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261473780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13583282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Treatment gaps and risk factors for multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in Belize: A 6-year (2018-2023) nationwide retrospective analysis.","authors":"Ana Moragas, Carl Llor","doi":"10.1177/20499361261487109","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261487109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261487109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing HIV care in daily life: A qualitative study of ART adherence and retention barriers and facilitators among people attending two urban ART clinics in Panama.","authors":"Amanda Gabster, Dixennia Bejarano, Lisa Hightow-Weidman, Jennifer Toller Erausquin, Artur Luz Nunes Queiroz, Casey D Xavier Hall, Frank Frankie Wong, Carlos Chávez Sáenz, Gonzalo Cabezas Talavero, Ana Belén Araúz, Cristel Rodríguez-Vargas, Felix Díaz Fernández, Eugenia Flores Millender","doi":"10.1177/20499361261488579","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261488579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and retention in HIV care are important for viral suppression among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Although ART is free in Panamanian public clinics, ART adherence and care continuity remain challenges. Prior studies in Panama have described quantitative correlates of adherence in urban clinics and barriers in a rural Indigenous region but less is known about how urban clinic attendees in Panama City and Colón experience adherence and retention in everyday contexts.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the barriers and facilitators to ART adherence and retention, and how PLHIV manage HIV care in everyday life among PLHIV attending two urban clinics using the socioecological framework.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews organized and interpreted using the socioecological framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between August-November 2024, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted among PLHIV attending two urban ART clinics (Hospital Santo Tomás and Colón Regional Clinic) in Panama. Participants were purposively selected. Interviews were 30-60 minutes long, audio-recorded, transcribed, inductively coded and then organized thematically across socioecological levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty participants were included (11 identified as men, 8 cisgender women and one transgender woman); median age was 38.5 years. ART Adherence was supported by medication routines, phone alarms, alternative pill containers, family and partner reminders, supportive health personnel and clinic-delivered education. Retention in care was supported by prioritizing appointments, planning around work and transportation, supportive health personnel, clinic education, transportation availability and advance scheduling. ART adherence and retention were disrupted by emotional distress, demotivation, side effects, forgetfulness, limited family support, stigma and disclosure concerns, rumors and harassment, poor communication with health personnel, pharmacy stockouts, food insecurity, transport costs and time or financial barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ART adherence and retention are interconnected parts of daily HIV disease management and are influenced by individual, interpersonal, organizational and structural factors. Urban HIV services could benefit from patient-centered adherence support, confidentiality protections, responsive side-effect management, treatment literacy and support for transport, food insecurity and ART access.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261488579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of alanine aminotransferase flares with hepatitis B surface antigen loss and clinical outcomes in treated and untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A US retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Myriam Drysdale, Eleonora Morais, Rose Chang, Shuang Wang, Megan Pinaire, Manasi Mohan, Rui Song, Mei Shung Duh, Grace Dolman, Dickens Theodore, Iain A Gillespie","doi":"10.1177/20499361261473788","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261473788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research has demonstrated the clinical significance of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flares; however, studies have mostly been in Asian countries or populations, and it remains unclear whether ALT flares during treatment are associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and long-term adverse clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the association between ALT flares and virologic outcomes (HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg] loss) as well as adverse clinical outcomes among patients with chronic hepatitis B in the United States, according to treatment status.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective study using the Optum de-identified electronic health record dataset (2012-2019).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Marginal structural models estimated the associations between ALT flares and outcomes, accounting for time-varying confounding; adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were reported. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess risk factors for flares.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>14,328 patients were included in the untreated cohort; of these, 2298 (16.0%) initiated and 1541 (10.7%) subsequently discontinued treatment. At least one ALT flare was experienced by 364 patients (2.5%) in the untreated cohort, 84 (3.7%) in the treatment initiation cohort, and 22 (1.4%) in the discontinuation cohort. Risk factors for ALT flares in the untreated group included male sex, history of flares, metabolic syndrome, liver fibrosis, compensated cirrhosis (CC), and hepatic decompensation. Risk factors after treatment initiation included younger age, White race, history of flares, and evidence of liver damage (liver fibrosis, CC, or hepatic decompensation). Flares in the untreated group were associated with spontaneous HBsAg loss and with an increased risk of hepatic decompensation, hospitalization, and death. Flares after treatment initiation were associated with HBsAg and HBeAg loss but not with adverse clinical outcomes investigated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ALT flares in untreated patients were associated with virologic and adverse clinical outcomes; no association with adverse clinical outcomes was observed in patients who initiated treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261473788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doravirine and islatravir for HIV-1 treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE assessment.","authors":"Muhammad Tayyab Azam, Muhammad Hussain Azam, Muhammad Arif Khan, Muhammad Hassan Azam, Zain Ul Abideen Shahid, Shahzad Ashraf, Syeda Momina Umer, Rabeea Arshad, Hasibullah Aminpoor, Hammad Javaid","doi":"10.1177/20499361261483928","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261483928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Two-drug antiretroviral regimens are increasingly explored to simplify HIV-1 treatment while maintaining durable viral suppression. Doravirine combined with Islatravir (DOR/ISL) represents a novel non-integrase strand transfer inhibitor (non-INSTI) regimen. However, comprehensive synthesized evidence remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose Doravirine (100 mg) plus Islatravir (0.25 or 0.75 mg) for HIV-1 treatment in adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, ICTRP, and ClinicalTrials.gov were performed to identify RCTs evaluating Doravirine/Islatravir for HIV-1 treatment. The primary outcome was viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) at 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes included immunological and safety endpoints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven RCTs (N = 3,589) were included. In primary analyses restricted to the approved 0.25 mg dose (four RCTs, N = 1,639), DOR/0.25 mg ISL achieved non-inferior viral suppression compared to standard ART at 48 weeks (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.97-1.04, p = 0.63), with consistent efficacy across virologically suppressed and treatment-naïve cohorts. DOR/0.25 mg ISL showed no significant differences versus controls in CD4+ cell count (MD = -6.35 cells/µL, p = 0.51) or total lymphocyte count changes (MD = -0.02 x 10⁹/L, p = 0.54). Statistically significant declines in CD4+ and lymphocyte counts were strictly restricted to the discontinued 0.75 mg dose. Overall adverse events and treatment discontinuations due to adverse events were comparable between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DOR/ISL provides non-inferior virologic efficacy compared with standard antiretroviral therapy with a favorable safety profile. The 0.25 mg Islatravir dose maintains antiviral efficacy while avoiding the immunologic declines observed with 0.75 mg dose, supporting its suitability as a simplified two-drug regimen.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>This review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD420261321479).</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261483928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author response to comment on: Treatment gaps and risk factors for multidrug-resistant enterobacterales in Belize: A 6-year (2018-2023) nationwide retrospective analysis.","authors":"Innocent Nwachukwu, Camryn Linares, Griseidy Alcoser, Nivi Novelo, Danladi Chiroma Husaini","doi":"10.1177/20499361261487108","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261487108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261487108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory morbidity in human toxocariasis: A scoping review of the literature.","authors":"Kaweesi Calvin Nantalaga, Alice Nantege, Martha Nabirye","doi":"10.1177/20499361261484796","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261484796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human toxocariasis is among the most common helminthic zoonoses worldwide, and larvae traverse the lungs during visceral migration. Respiratory morbidity among diagnosed patients remains poorly characterised, in contrast to the much larger seroepidemiological literature linking Toxocara seropositivity to asthma.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To map the reported occurrence and clinical spectrum of respiratory disease in confirmed or probable human toxocariasis, and to identify evidence gaps.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Case reports, case series, cross-sectional studies, cohorts and trials reporting a respiratory outcome in confirmed or probable toxocariasis. Seroepidemiological association studies, non-Toxocara larva migrans and reports lacking patient-level respiratory data were excluded.</p><p><strong>Sources of evidence: </strong>MEDLINE (via PubMed) and the Web of Science Core Collection, from database inception to 13 June 2026.</p><p><strong>Charting methods: </strong>Two reviewers independently screened and charted data, with disagreements resolved by a third. Findings are presented descriptively, without critical appraisal or meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-five studies reporting 989 patients were included, published 1980 to 2026. Case reports predominated (46/65; 70.8%) and only 1/65 (1.5%) originated from sub-Saharan Africa. Any respiratory symptom was documented in 32/46 case reports (69.6%). Across 12 studies of other designs (593 patients), study-level prevalence ranged from 0.0% to 80.7%, and from 0.0% to 66.7% excluding one cohort reporting a non-disaggregable pooled figure. Imaging was reported in 53/65 studies (81.5%), most often nodules (22/53; 41.5%), interstitial infiltrates (16/53; 30.2%) and ground-glass opacity (14/53; 26.4%). Peripheral eosinophilia was present in 58/65 (89.2%) and explicitly absent in 2/65 (3.1%); lung function was reported in 2/65 (3.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Respiratory findings were reported in a substantial share of published cases, spanning imaging abnormalities to eosinophilic lung disease; eosinophilia was frequent but not universal. Because the evidence comprises largely case reports from a respiratory-focused search, these proportions describe what has been reported rather than true frequency. Prospective studies in endemic, resource-limited settings are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261484796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13522690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-risk HPV detection via GeneXpert in self-collected anal swabs among MSM living with HIV: Insights from a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Amadou Kodio, Almahady Ag Altini, Arè Albert Somboro, Aliou Baldé, Oumar Karembe, Sidi Dienta, Anou M Somboro, Zalihatou Maiga, Oumar Dolo, Fatoumata Tata Traoré, Jane Holl, Sally M Mcfall, Mamoudou Maiga, Emna Ghidaoui, Vincent Calvez, Robert L Murphy, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Aude Jary, Almoustapha Issiaka Maiga","doi":"10.1177/20499361261481349","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361261481349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Men who have sex with men living with HIV (MSMLWHIV) have a high risk of persistent high-risk HPV infection, and rapid tools like Xpert HPV can help expand screening in low-resource settings.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using self-collected anal swabs for detecting high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections in MSMLWHIV, using the Xpert® HPV assay. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with HR-HPV positivity.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This was a single-center cross-sectional study conducted from 22^nd May 2024 to 31^st July 2024 among MSMLWHIV in Bamako.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited from the Soutoura NGO in Bamako, Mali. To be eligible, individuals had to be HIV-1 positive, on antiretroviral therapy, 18 years or older, and self-identified as MSM. The prevalence of HR-HPV was reported by sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors. We used a penalized logistic regression model using Firth's method to identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with HR-HPV positivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 245 MSMLWHIV were initially tested. Of these, 170 yielded successful results and were subsequently included in the study analysis. The participants had a median age of 26 years (IQR 24-29) with the median age of first anal intercourse at 16 years (IQR 16-18). Among the participants, 29% (49/170) identified as bisexual, 42% (72/170) reported never using condoms, 16% (27/170) participated in group intercourse, and 42% (71/170) had at least two different sexual partners in the past six months. Among those successfully tested, 65% (110/170) were positive for HR-HPV, with HPV16 detected in 12% (21/170) of participants. No or primary education and consistent condom use were associated with lower odds of HR-HPV positivity, while the unexpected association observed with smoking should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high HR-HPV prevalence among MSMLWHIV calls for targeted screening and prevention. Although Xpert HPV shows promise, the 31% failure rate with self-collected samples underscores the need for improvements in sample collection procedures and technical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261481349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of visceral leishmaniasis among patients admitted to selected public hospitals in Guji and Borena Zones, southern Oromia, Ethiopia: An unmatched case-control study.","authors":"Abera Siyum, Lina Yitayew, Gemechis Tuke, Alo Edin, Bekam Yambo, Anteneh Fikrie Tekola","doi":"10.1177/20499361261477170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20499361261477170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains a significant public health concern in East Africa, with an estimated 30,000 cases reported annually. Ethiopia is among the most affected countries in the region, with the southern part of the country bearing a substantial share of the disease burden. Despite the high endemicity of VL in these areas, evidence regarding the factors contributing to disease occurrence among at-risk populations remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to identify the determinants of visceral leishmaniasis among patients admitted to selected public hospitals in Guji and Borena Zones, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia, in 2022.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from April 15 to June 15, 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted among randomly selected 335 (67 cases and 268 controls) patients in Nagele Borena and Yabelo General Hospitals of Guji and Borena Zones from April 15 to June 15/2022. A pretested and structured face-to-face interviewer administered questionnaire and chart review were used to collect the data. Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.6.0 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Bi-variable and multi variable binary logistic regression model were used to identify the determinants of VL. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% Confidence level and p-value of <0.05 were used to declare statistically significant associations.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 335 study participants comprising 67 cases and 268 controls were included, with an overall response rate of 100%. In this study, presence of a dog in the household (AOR=7.2; 95%CI:3.6-18.1), presence of acacia trees around the home (AOR = 8.3; 95% CI: 4.2-17.1), presence of domestic animals in the household (AOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 2.3-16.7), no formal education (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.1-12.2), and termite hill around the home (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 2.02-9.3) were significantly associated with VL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Our study identified several determinants of VL, that no formal education, presence of dog in the household, termite hill around the home, presence of domestic animals in the household and acacia trees around the home. Therefore, strengthening community awareness and promoting environmental risk-reduction strategies, including minimizing exposure to domestic animals, termite hills, and acacia trees in close proximity to households, may help reduce the risk of visceral leishmaniasis in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 ","pages":"20499361261477170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}