Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Behavioral Cetology in the 19th Century: Thomas Beale, Henry Cheever, Thomas Southwell and Their Role in Awakening a Cetacean Protection Consciousness","authors":"Raffaele d'Isa,&nbsp;Charles I. Abramson","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jhbs.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although naturalists have devoted attention to cetaceans since Antiquity, it was only in the 19th century that cetology underwent a true explosion. Three key cetological works of this period are <i>The Natural History of the Sperm Whale</i> (1839) by Thomas Beale, <i>The Whaleman's Adventures in the Southern Ocean</i> (1850) by Henry Cheever and <i>The Seals and Whales of the British Seas</i> (1881) by Thomas Southwell. Importantly, these three works did not only represent fundamental compendia of scientific knowledge of cetaceans, but also had a crucial role in awakening a cetacean protection consciousness. Indeed, by describing in detail the behavior and psychology of these animals, these works depicted cetaceans as capable of cognition and emotions, facilitating empathy from the readers and challenging the general audience to consider critical issues connected to whale hunting, such as animal suffering and species extinction. From a behavioral point of view, Beale and Cheever, among the first naturalists that had direct experiences with living whales, refuted the previous dominant view of the whale based on the monothematic stereotype of the “bloodthirsty” “monster of the deep,” and described instead a more complete and scientifically accurate ethogram of whales, underscoring how these animals actually express a wide range of complex emotions, including joy, playfulness, maternal affection, filial affection, social affection to non-kins, defensive attitudes towards conspecifics in danger and succorant attitudes towards injured members of their pod. Moreover, these three works are milestones not only in the history of behavioral biology, but also in the history of environmentalism. Indeed, these works innovatively started presenting the whales object of hunting as sentient victims undergoing great sufferings and mass-slaughter, rather than as mere monsters to defeat. This new view of the whale represented the first step of a change of attitude in the public opinion, that, over the course of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, progressively shifted its sympathy from the whale hunters to the whales, leading to the rise of cetacean protection movements. We here analyze these three works, underlining in particular their contributions to behavioral cetology. The rediscovery of these works will be important not only for cetology and behavioral sciences, but also for history of science, anthropology, ethics, animal rights, and ecocriticism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Undisciplined and a Moral Danger”: Fright, Idleness and Immorality as Attributions of “Imbecile Children” in Late Victorian and Edwardian Britain","authors":"Wendy Sims-Schouten","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jhbs.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From the second half of the nineteenth-century treatment of “imbecile” children in Britain underwent significant change. Examining the period from 1870 to 1920 when imbecility became a discrete category, and a matter of concern in policy and practice, this paper focuses on conceptualizations around fright, idleness, morality, and parental mental state as behavioral, emotional, and psychological causes and attributions of “imbecility” in children. I view this in light of the Victorian emotional culture of “care and control,” which was driven by a shift in cost-cutting and fear of the impact of “imbecile children” on society, justifying exclusions, defining boundaries, and driving change. In light of the legacy of the “deserving/undeserving paradigm” and “care and control” agenda propagated by the Poor Law established in 1834 in England (and in 1845 in Scotland), “idleness” and “immorality” implied a form of abnormality, while “fright” could cause abnormality, and all needed to be controlled. Furthermore “fright” was classified as an (external) emotional event or trigger that has a lasting impact, and an early indication of including psychological factors (in addition to somatic) in explanations of “deficiencies.” Using the Scottish National Institution for the Education of Imbecile Children founded in 1862 and the Waifs and Strays Society for destitute children, established in London in 1881 as examples, I argue that concerns about the rise of “mental deficiency” in the late Victorian and Edwardian periods were driven by moral panic as a force for social control, and to a lesser extent, the concept of care.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Member News","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jhbs.70013","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Jean Elisabeth Pedersen&lt;/b&gt;, University of Rochester, curated the special collection “Reproductive Rights in France” for French Historical Studies. The five articles in the group contribute to the history of the human sciences by considering the history of debates over women's reproduction in a range of fields that include medicine, midwifery, demography, anthropology, religion, and law.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Starting in summer 2025, &lt;b&gt;Martyn Pickersgill&lt;/b&gt; (University of Edinburgh) will be co-leading with Principal Investigator &lt;b&gt;Emilie Cloatre&lt;/b&gt; (University of Kent) a new Wellcome Trust Discovery Award: “Between Deception and Dissent: Regulating Unproven, Disproven, or Misleading Health-Related Claims.” This $6 million project involves a team across eight countries over 6 years. Martyn will be leading a package of work on the contemporary history of contested practices in relation to the care of the brain, psyche, and self.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Per Wisselgren&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;Hampus Östh Gustafsson&lt;/b&gt;, and &lt;b&gt;Tobias Dalberg&lt;/b&gt; have received a 3-year grant from the Swedish Research Council for the project “Funding Effects: The Emergence of Public Research Councils and the Formation of the Human Sciences in Sweden, 1947–1977.” A project description can be found at: www.uu.se/history-of-science-and-ideas/funding-effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Alison Wylie&lt;/b&gt; received an honorary doctorate from Erasmus University at their Dies Natalis ceremony on November 8. A recording of the proceedings can be found at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrp_vzI1LRo. The presentation of her sponsor and her talk on engaged research begin at ~28 min in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cheiron is thrilled to announce that Professor Jill Morawski of Wesleyan University will be the upcoming Elizabeth Scarborough Lecturer at the ESHHS, CHEIRON &amp; SHP Three Societies Meeting in Paris, France, July 1–5, 2025. See more details below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;ESHHS, CHEIRON &amp; SHP: Three Societies Meeting: Paris, France, July 1–5, 2025&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ESHHS (the European Society for the History of the Human Sciences), CHEIRON (the International Society for the History of the Social and Behavioral Sciences), &amp; SHP (the Society for the History of Psychology [APA Division 26]) invite submissions for papers, posters, and symposia for their first “Three Societies Meeting” to take place in Paris, France, from July 1–5, 2025, hosted by the American University of Paris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We invite proposals for oral presentations, posters, sessions, round tables, and workshops that deal with any aspect of the history of the human, behavioral, and social sciences or with related historiographic and methodological issues. This year's featured theme will be Environments, Milieux and Places in the History of the Human, Behavioral and Social Sciences, and we particularly encourage submissions related to any aspect of this theme. With 2025, the bicentennial of J.-M. Charcot's birth, submissions related to Charcot's work and milieux would also be of topical interest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Psychology Can Benefit From the Academic Study of Esotericism","authors":"Júlia Gyimesi","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jhbs.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The paper reviews and summarizes the historical research that has been carried out in recent decades to explore the connections between esotericism and psychology while highlighting the typical historical and contemporary ways in which psychology and esotericism are linked. This examination underscores why academic research on esotericism is relevant to psychology, including why a substantive definition of esotericism made within the context of psychology is essential. Based on the sources currently at our disposal, it is asserted that the influences of esotericism have never been peripheral to psychology. The foundations and basic features of “esoteric psychology” unfolding within various theoretical frameworks are described. With this paper, the author aims to contribute to the emergence of a critical yet open and flexible discourse that recognizes the impact of esotericism on psychology and is ready to evaluate these influences in an objective way.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tripping on Utopia: Margaret Mead, the Cold War and the Troubled Birth of Psychedelic Science, by Benjamin Breen, New York: Grand Central Publishing. 2024. pp. 369. $3000 (cloth). ISBN 9781538722374","authors":"Rob Schraff","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.70012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Revised Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud Edited by Mark Solms in Collaboration With Ilse Gubrich-SimitisRowman and Littlefield and the Institute of Psychoanalysis 8144 pp. in 24 volumes $1950.00 (Hardbound and E-Book). ISBN 978-1538175163","authors":"Raymond E. Fancher","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.70009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tabula Raza: Mapping Race and Human Diversity in American Genome Science By \u0000 Duana Fullwiley, Oakland, California: University of California Press. 2024. 356 pp. $29.95 (cloth). ISBN 978-0-520-40117-4","authors":"Donald V. Brown Jr.","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.70010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout: The Emotional Experience of Political Defeatby Hannah Proctor, Verso, 2024. 272 pp. $2495 (paper); $999 (ebook). ISBN: 9781839766053","authors":"Michael Pettit","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.70011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The History of EmotionsBy Rob Boddice Manchester University Press.  2023. pp.  296. £17.99 (paper). ISBN: 9781526171177","authors":"Bradley J. Irish","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.70008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Feminist Companion to Conceptual and Historical Issues in Psychologyby  Katherine Hubbard and  Peter HegartyMcGraw-Hill Education, 2024. £2199 (paper); £1799 (eBook). ISBN10: 0335252133","authors":"Amanda Nkeramihigo","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.70007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}