PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease associated with congenital infections","authors":"Liliana Arriola-Montenegro ,&nbsp;Maria Vera Sanchez ,&nbsp;George Chen ,&nbsp;Cana Brown ,&nbsp;Megan Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Carlysle Salter ,&nbsp;Induja Gajendran ,&nbsp;Benjamin Estrada","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiovascular abnormalities may be caused by congenital or perinatal infections that cause cardiomyocyte injury and inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of review</h3><div>The purpose of this article is to review common congenital infections associated with cardiovascular sequelae, including pathogenesis, cardiovascular manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and public health implications.</div></div><div><h3>Key scientific concepts of review</h3><div>Congenital rubella syndrome occurs from transplacental transmission of rubella virus and may cause patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary valvular or pulmonary artery stenosis, or ventricular septal defect. Congenital HIV occurs from HIV transmission during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding and may cause dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular dilation, thickening of the interventricular septum and posterior wall, or myocarditis. Enterovirus infection occurs from fecal-oral contact or respiratory transmission of enteroviruses such as coxsackievirus and may cause myocarditis and structural heart defects, especially ventricular septal defect. Zika virus infection occurs from mosquito bites, sexual contact, or transplacental transmission and may cause left ventricular hypertrophy, nondipping blood pressure, diastolic dysfunction, and valvular regurgitation. Other congenital viral infections that may cause cardiovascular disease include cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and SARS-CoV-2.</div><div>Congenital syphilis occurs from transmission of <em>Treponema pallidum</em> during pregnancy or delivery and may cause aortitis, aortic aneurysm, and aortic regurgitation. Chagas disease occurs from <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> transmission through the feces of infected triatomine bugs, transplacental transmission, blood transfusions, and organ transplants and may cause arrhythmias, left ventricular wall motion abnormalities, complete heart block, ventricular dysfunction, and heart failure. Prevention of congenital infections may include vaccination, prenatal and perinatal screening, and other public health measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic and nonglycemic effects of pediatric diabetes in cardiovascular health","authors":"Ana Flores ,&nbsp;Erika Morales Ubico ,&nbsp;Kelly Blacksher ,&nbsp;Emily Cleveland ,&nbsp;Lien Inman ,&nbsp;Ian Singer ,&nbsp;Christina Bond ,&nbsp;Uzoma Obiaka ,&nbsp;E. Melissa Perez-Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In children and adolescents, the most common cause of diabetes mellitus is type 1 diabetes, but type 2 diabetes is increasing in prevalence. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes and begins in childhood.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of review</h3><div>The purpose of this article is to review cardiovascular disease associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents, including glycemic and nonglycemic risk factors, screening, and therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Key scientific concepts of review</h3><div>The risk of developing cardiovascular disease is 30-fold higher in patients with type 1 diabetes than in nondiabetic peers and 32 % of patients with type 2 diabetes have some type of cardiovascular disease. The risk for developing cardiovascular disease is affected by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetic kidney disease, obesity, and insulin resistance. The pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes is multifactorial and includes hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, hypoglycemia, advanced glycation end products, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, and insulin resistance. Macrovascular complications include coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Microvascular complications include diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and neuropathy. Advances in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes have decreased overall adult mortality, but pharmacologic therapeutic options are limited in children and adolescents, including insulin, metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Patient education, diet, and physical activity are important for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors may include measurement of blood pressure, body mass index, hemoglobin A_1c level, lipid panel including low-density lipoprotein level, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in urine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare cause of recurrent myocarditis","authors":"Manuela Lopes ,&nbsp;Ana R. Jesus ,&nbsp;João Nascimento ,&nbsp;Joana Rosmaninho-Salgado ,&nbsp;Maria E. Amaral ,&nbsp;António Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute myocarditis, often linked to viral infections and autoimmune processes, significantly contributes to sudden cardiac death in young adults. Recurrent episodes can result from genetic mutations, particularly involving desmosomal proteins like desmoplakin (<em>DSP</em>). An accurate genetic diagnosis is essential for proper patient management.</div></div><div><h3>Case summary</h3><div>We present a case of a 14-year-old Caucasian male with recurrent chest pain and elevated troponin. His maternal history was notable for recurrent myocarditis. Genetic testing revealed a novel <em>DSP</em> variant c.2917G &gt; T p.Glu973* in heterozygosity, classified as likely pathogenic and associated with cardiomyopathy, woolly hair, keratoderma, and tooth agenesis (MIM:<span><span>615821</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). Initial treatment with colchicine, prednisolone, and azathioprine managed to control symptoms but failed to prevent recurrence. Mycophenolate mofetil was later introduced, leading to a more sustained improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Recent literature linked <em>DSP</em> mutations to cardiomyopathies with high risks of arrhythmias and heart failure. While current management focuses on optimizing the underlying cardiovascular hemodynamic burden, this case highlights the potential utility of immunosuppressive therapy. Further research is needed to clarify its role in modifying disease progression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>DSP</em> mutations should be considered in recurrent myocarditis. Early molecular diagnosis and tailored immunosuppressive strategies may help mitigate fibrosis and improve long-term outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and liver disease","authors":"Kathryn L. Williams ,&nbsp;Maya Augustine ,&nbsp;Eru Sujakhu ,&nbsp;Justine Magadia ,&nbsp;Lindsay Crawford ,&nbsp;Aimee Knott ,&nbsp;Skyler Hamilton ,&nbsp;Uzoma Obiaka","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lipoprotein(a) is a unique, atherogenic glycoprotein that was reported in humans more than six decades ago and is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction and stroke.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of review</h3><div>The purpose of this article is to review lipoprotein(a) biology, associations with disease, treatment, and potential value of screening in pediatrics.</div></div><div><h3>Key scientific concepts of review</h3><div>Lipoprotein(a) has a lipid-rich core which contains triglycerides and cholesterol esters surrounded by a phospholipid shell containing an apolipoprotein B₁₀₀ covalently bound to apolipoprotein(a). Lipoprotein(a) levels increase from birth to age two years and remain stable afterward. Lipoprotein(a) has a six-fold greater association with coronary heart disease than low-density lipoprotein. Type 2 diabetes may be associated with obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and vascular endothelial inflammation, but low lipoprotein(a) levels. In children, there is no association between lipoprotein(a) levels and obesity. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease may be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and low lipoprotein(a) levels may be more likely to develop hepatic fibrosis. Lipoprotein(a) levels may be decreased with some proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, small interfering RNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides and lipoprotein apheresis, but not statin drugs. Universal pediatric lipoprotein(a) screening is being considered because it may predict atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101775"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenthood against the clock: Experiences of being a parent with congenital heart disease - A qualitative study","authors":"Ylva Holstad ,&nbsp;Agneta Westergren ,&nbsp;Maria Lindqvist ,&nbsp;Annika Bay","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Most people with congenital heart disease (CHD) now reach adulthood, and many wish to become parents. However, many in this group struggle with health challenges and are at risk for complications related to their heart disease early in life. What parenthood means for adults with CHD is still an unexplored area.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Describe experiences of being a parent with CHD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten semi-structured interviews with six women and four men were conducted using an inductive approach. Inclusion criteria: (i) visiting a CHD clinic at least once after age 18 and (ii) having biological children. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, from a manifest level to deeper latent interpretation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results comprised three themes. <em>The complex emotional landscape of parenthood</em> covered how heart disease became a tangible concern after becoming a parent, making life feel fragile. <em>Strategies for navigating life as a parent</em> illustrated how participants dealt with parenthood by adapting to their limitations and accepting their present and future. <em>Sharing eases life's challenges</em> described the participants' need to be met as whole person facing both physical and emotional challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The heart disease became visible in the daily lives of parents with CHD, both as a tangible reminder and in a physical sense. Healthcare professionals should address physical and emotional challenges, as parenthood can heighten awareness of personal vulnerability. The study underlines the need to inquire about support and counseling needs, as parenthood for adults with CHD can add an extra dimension to life's challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","authors":"Jordan P. Priya Cooper ,&nbsp;Ahzam Budhwani ,&nbsp;Leah S. Kunneth ,&nbsp;Isha A. Patel ,&nbsp;Allison Omohundro ,&nbsp;Olumayowa B. Sholola ,&nbsp;Induja Gajendran ,&nbsp;Michael Zayek ,&nbsp;Diksha Shrestha","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn is associated with increased risk of cardiorespiratory failure, neurodevelopmental delay, and death.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of review</h3><div>The purpose of this article is to review normal and abnormal perinatal pulmonary vasculature adaptation and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, including etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Key scientific concepts of review</h3><div>Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is characterized by failure of the pulmonary vasculature in the newborn to adapt after birth, resulting in sustained high pulmonary vascular resistance, abnormal extrapulmonary right-to-left shunting of deoxygenated blood, and refractory hypoxemia. The etiology and pathophysiology of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn may be classified into four broad categories, including maladaptation of a structurally normal cardiopulmonary system, underdevelopment of the lungs, maldevelopment of pulmonary vasculature in the absence of pulmonary parenchymal disease, and intravascular obstructions associated with increased blood viscosity from polycythemia. Infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn may present with labile hypoxemia, with or without respiratory distress. Evaluation may include simultaneous pre- and post-ductal oxygen saturation measurements, chest radiography, echocardiography, and arterial blood gas analysis. The hyperoxia test may be useful when echocardiography is unavailable. The main goal in treating persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is to reverse pulmonary vasoconstriction, optimize cardiac function, and improve systemic oxygen delivery. Treatment may include supportive measures such as sedation, correction of metabolic disturbances, management of polycythemia, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation. Targeted therapy, depending on the underlying cause of disease, may include surfactant therapy, pulmonary vasodilator therapy, and optimization of hemodynamic status. Infants with refractory PPHN may require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Survivors of moderate to severe disease should be monitored for neurologic abnormalities, hearing loss, and cognitive delay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101777"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences and complications of un-intervened congenital heart defects in children: A retrospective cross-sectional study","authors":"Tesfaye Taye Gelaw,&nbsp;Belaynew Zemed Alebachew","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children with unrepaired congenital heart defects (CHDs) are at risk of developing complications related to the scarcity of interventions, delayed diagnosis, financial constraints, and difficulty reaching facilities in low-and middle-income countries.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Describe the frequency of complications by age and CHD type in children with un-intervened CHDs seen at Bahir Dar University Tibebe-Ghion Specialized Teaching Hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on children with un-intervened CHDs seen from September 01, 2021, to August 31, 2024. Data were collected from September 20 to 30, 2024, retrospectively. Categorical variables were analyzed in the form of proportions. Discrete variables were summarized as means (SD). Binary logistic regression was performed with 95 % confidence interval. <em>P</em>-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Of the 310 children with un-intervened CHDs, 47 % were female. The mean (SD) age was 28 months (42). Wasting (46 %) is the most common complication in children with CHD, followed by congestive heart failure (41 %), and recurrent respiratory tract infection (30 %). Seventy percent of children with un-intervened CHDs have at least one complication (68 % of acyanotic and 77 % of cyanotic CHDs). After adjusting for covariates, one month increase in age of children with un-intervened CHD increases the proportion of complications by 2 % {AOR = 1.019, 95 % CI = (1.007, 1.031)}.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A higher proportion of children with CHD had at least one or more complications. A one month delay in intervention of children with un-intervened CHDs has a 2 % increase in the occurrence of complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101776"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Rajanikant Kumar ,&nbsp;Efeoghene Praise Epia ,&nbsp;Mark W. Abdelnour ,&nbsp;Joo Young Belen Kim Kim ,&nbsp;Anne Boakyewaa Anokye-Kumatia ,&nbsp;Rimmo Loyi Lego ,&nbsp;Vrunda Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Syed Ali Farhan Abbas Rizvi ,&nbsp;Maryam Asif ,&nbsp;Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema ,&nbsp;Adeel Ahmad ,&nbsp;Wajeeh Ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Raheel Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sourbha S. Dani","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In recent years, there has been a rise in the adoption of conservative approaches to managing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. Systematic appraisal of the clinical evidence supporting this approach is essential for guiding guideline recommendations.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of review</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate a strategy of conservative management in comparison to active treatment in preterm infants with PDA.</div></div><div><h3>Key scientific concepts of review</h3><div>From inception to April 2024, we conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated conservative management versus active treatment of PDA in preterm infants. We used RevMan 5.4 to pool risk ratios (RRs).</div><div>Our review included 6 RCTs. There was no difference in the risk of mortality (RR 0.83; 95 % CI: 0.64–1.08) and BPD (RR 0.89; 95 % CI: 0.76–1.03) between the conservative management and active treatment groups. The rates of necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, sepsis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and the need for surgical ligation or transcatheter occlusion were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, our analysis showed no difference in the risk of all-cause mortality, BPD, or other clinical outcomes between a strategy of conservative management compared to active treatment. Further, large-scale RCTs focusing on targeted therapy for infants at the highest risk of complications from PDA are required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Hypertension: definitions, evaluation, and treatment","authors":"Shaira Bedi ,&nbsp;Tania Raygoza ,&nbsp;Josephine Jalkh ,&nbsp;Jumoke Adelabu ,&nbsp;Taryn Hartley ,&nbsp;Rachel Lusk ,&nbsp;Kevin Wong ,&nbsp;Uzoma Obiaka ,&nbsp;Dunya Mohammad","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pediatric hypertension affects 3 % to 5 % of children and adolescents between ages 1 year to 18 years and may have long-term health consequences.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of review</h3><div>The purpose of this article is to review pediatric hypertension, including screening, methods of blood pressure measurement, etiology, evaluation, and treatment of patients with or without end-organ damage.</div></div><div><h3>Key scientific concepts of review</h3><div>In children, blood pressure levels are interpreted based on age, sex, and height to avoid misclassification. Blood pressure measurements at three separate visits are required to diagnose hypertension. Routine screening begins at age 3 years, but blood pressure is measured during each health visit in patients who have body mass index ≥95 %, take medications that increase blood pressure, or have health issues that may increase the risk of developing hypertension. The auscultatory method is preferred for blood pressure measurement in the right arm. A 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitor is used to confirm hypertension and differentiate it from white-coat or masked hypertension. Primary (essential) hypertension is multifactorial and may be associated with overweight and obesity, genetic predisposition, premature birth, low birth weight, increased sodium intake, sedentary lifestyle, and obstructive sleep apnea. Secondary hypertension may be caused by specific diseases such as kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, endocrine abnormalities, adverse events from medication, and monogenic causes. Treatment for pediatric hypertension includes nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies, including diet and lifestyle modification. Children with hypertension are more likely to have hypertension in adulthood and develop targeted end-organ injury of the brain, cardiovascular system, or kidneys. It is important to accurately diagnose and treat hypertension early in childhood to avoid long-term complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “A perinatal cardiology network review: The Nemours Children's health system approach in the state of Florida” [Progress in Pediatric Cardiology volume (2022) 101527]","authors":"Katherine Braley ,&nbsp;Thinh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Kathryn Douglas ,&nbsp;Gul Dadlani","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101789","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101789"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}