International Journal of Law Crime and Justice最新文献

{"title":"Computer-dependent or computer-assisted? The social context of online crime in Lithuanian court judgements","authors":"Maryja Šupa,&nbsp;Vytautas Kaktinas,&nbsp;Aistė Rinkevičiūtė","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper addresses the relative lack of studies concerning characterisation of online crime in court judgements. The goal was to outline the social context of <em>computer-dependent</em> online offences in Lithuania as enacted in court practice. It is an internationally relevant example of the applied outcomes of local legislation enacting the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime. We focused on four key themes to explore how <em>computer-dependent</em><span> online crime was defined in court practice: offences, offenders, victims, and sentences, bound by the concept of selectivity in criminal justice. A mixed-methods approach was utilised to analyse 265 court judgements in online offence cases in Lithuania from the years 2017–2021. The results revealed that the majority of the offences were computer-enabled rather than </span><em>computer-dependent</em>, carried out by persons with previous experience in the criminal justice system seeking financial gain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49785334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding perceived legitimacy of correctional officers among male juvenile offenders in China: From a system perspective","authors":"Xinting Wang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Ray Bull","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Public agencies in the criminal justice system (i.e., law enforcement agencies, the courts, and the corrections) need legitimacy for their survival. According to system theory, the functions performed by one system agency can exert significant influences on the others. Therefore, the effect of perceived legitimacy is supposed to intertwine with different agencies. Yet, the current literature on the impact of perceived legitimacy primarily focuses on one single agency - law enforcement in Western studies. Using longitudinal data collected in China from 514 juvenile offenders in a juvenile correctional facility for males, the present study employed </span>structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the interconnections of perceived legitimacy across the three agencies. Findings derived from the current study suggest that the perceived legitimacy of one agency had a significant effect on the subsequent agencies. However, the influence was dynamic and temporary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49785228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of foreign residents on crime: Evidence from South Korea","authors":"Hoyong Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many countries worldwide are facing social change as they are increasingly becoming multicultural societies<span>. South Korea has maintained a homogeneous ethnic identity for a long time but is experiencing an immense inflow of foreign residents. This study empirically examines the effects of foreign residents on crime. The employment permit system is adopted as an instrumental variable to seek a causal link. We found that increasing the number of foreign residents in the total population is positively related to the incidence of crime. The number of arrests also increases with the crime incidence, and we found little significant change in the ratio of arrests to crimes. Moreover, the increase in crimes falls largely within the category of violent crimes rather than felonies, property crimes, and intellectual crimes. Based on the results, we suggest that the government needs to promote a multicultural and accommodating culture and enable immigrants to settle stably in Korean society.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49785224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demystifying China’s police tactical units","authors":"Lu Liu,&nbsp;Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Police tactical units are the elite law enforcement teams tasked with handling the most dangerous and confrontational missions within the police force. However, little is known about who these officers are, how they are recruited, and how they perceive their role as an instrument of violence. Based on ethnographic observation and 23 semi-structured field interviews, this study reveals key features of the Chinese police tactical units by conducting sociological and psychological inquiries into the identities of these officers and how they deal with moral conflicts under overlapping social identities both as ruthless enforcers of the law and as members of society.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49785227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the job demands-resources model for Indian correctional staff job satisfaction","authors":"Hanif Qureshi ,&nbsp;Eric G. Lambert ,&nbsp;Mia Abboud Holbrook ,&nbsp;James Frank ,&nbsp;Chelsea Hines ,&nbsp;Monika Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2022.100564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2022.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The job satisfaction of staff is vital for the effective functioning of any organization. Many studies have been conducted that examine the job satisfaction of correctional officers, though mostly in Western nations. To examine job satisfaction in a cross-cultural setting, this study uses survey data from a sample of 163 correctional officers in a prison in the State of Haryana, India. We examine how job demands (perceived dangerousness of the job and role overload) and job resources (instrumental communication, job autonomy, quality supervision, and job variety) affect job satisfaction. The results indicate that all four job resource variables had significant positive associations with job satisfaction, while neither job demand variable was significantly related to job satisfaction. The implications of the study for policy are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discipline, morality and the façade of localism in action: The war on terror and the regulation of UK community resilience","authors":"Jon Coaffee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2019.100372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2019.100372","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 100372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2019.100372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counter-terrorism & the intelligence network in Europe","authors":"M.K.D. Cross","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2019.100368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2019.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The European intelligence space is reaching a new level of maturity because of an increasingly consolidated transgovernmental network of intelligence professionals. What explains the change in this key security network, especially given the challenges inherent in intelligence sharing? The overall strengthening of the European transgovernmental intelligence network is a product of both informal, bottom-up networking and formal, top-down policies to enhance intelligence sharing. Yet, it is clear that the informal side is of utmost importance given the difficulties inherent in trusting outsiders with valuable information. It is through informality that the transgovernmental network shares best practices and knowhow, strengthening the backbone of the European intelligence space. At the same time, there is a realm of intelligence sharing that is still subject to deep secrecy, the dynamics of which are very difficult to truly know. As a result, there is a disjuncture between expert-level intelligence sharing and community governance practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2019.100368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the nexus among mob justice, human rights violations and the state: Evidence from Nigeria","authors":"Aliu Oladimeji Shodunke ,&nbsp;Sodiq Abiodun Oladipupo ,&nbsp;Mubarak Olawale Alabi ,&nbsp;Ayobami Habeeb Akindele","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2022.100573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2022.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over time, justice has been one of humanity's most important affairs the state institutions are mandated to achieve every in civil and criminal proceedings. However, the Nigerian state criminal justice system faces the issue of individuals embracing illegal punishment termed “mob justice” to address public security threats and police neighborhoods. Such punishment tends to violate human rights laws. Hence, this study explored mob justice issues and their intersection with human rights in Nigeria. From 1152 participants recruited in Lagos, Nigeria using simple random and convenience sampling methods, the data was gathered via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The findings indicated that institutional problems and unethical practices in the criminal justice system aggravate public distrust. In conjunction with socioeconomic disparities, the distrust triggers individuals to adopt an unconventional approach (mob justice) against crime suspects for public security's sake. Such an approach violates suspects' rights to life, a fair hearing, justice, and protection from degrading treatments as stipulated in the 1999 Nigerian Constitution and international human rights treaties the country is a signatory to. However, the study advised the Nigerian state and criminal justice stakeholders to address structural and institutional issues that make mob justice an alternative form of justice appealing to the public.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘We were the Guinea pigs’: Police uncertainty enforcing coronavirus regulations in the UK.","authors":"Camilla De Camargo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2022.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2022.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The regulations introduced under the UK's Coronavirus Act 2020 to help curb the spread of COVID-19 caused considerable confusion due to conflation between what was regarded as ‘guidance’ and what was ‘law’. The fast-paced nature of the pandemic meant that restrictions on public liberty and increased police powers to enforce the new ‘rules’ led to accusations of over-zealous enforcement behaviour of some officers, including a record number of Fixed Penalty Notices (FPNs) issued. This paper explores the experiences of police officers in a range of English police forces, using 28 h of qualitative interview data at two research points in time (2020 and 2022). The extracts presented here illustrate some of the challenges that officers faced enforcing the frequently changing rules and regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9701640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35343418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘It sounds like lived experience’ - On empathy in rape trials","authors":"Moa Bladini ,&nbsp;Sara Uhnoo ,&nbsp;Åsa Wettergren","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article the intrinsic relation between the formal and the informal aspects of rape trials in Sweden will be scrutinized and discussed, for two main reasons (that are intertwined). Firstly, rape cases are characterized by a word-against-word situation, with few other forms of evidence, and with a rate of convictions much lower than for other criminal cases. The fact that the parties’ statements are placed at the core of the presentation and assessment of the evidence leaves much scope for argumentation about normality, rationality, logic and common sense. Secondly, rape trials have been subject to a significant amount of critique, in public as well as in legal debate due to gendered stereotypes, assumptions about autonomy, objectivity, ideal victims, real rape etc.</p><p>The article aims to explore and shed some light on parts of the continuum of formality and informality in criminal trials in Sweden. By deconstructing rape trials through the lens of the emotion-sociological concept of empathy, the article contributes to deepened knowledge of the work performed by the legal actors in court in general and their work as empathic translators, in particular. We will focus on a specific part of the empathic process, namely emotion management to stage credible testimonies, in the sense that the stories told by the parties and/or witnesses are framed and presented by legal professionals in court as if they have been acting and reacting normal, natural, reasonable and rational.</p><p>We present the analysis of the intrinsic relationship between the formal framework and the informal work performed by the legal actors, by exploring how the legal concepts are embodied in stories from everyday life in the trial, framed by the legal actors. The analysis includes a description of the stage at which these trials take place (the objectivity ideals and self-images) and the most important formal aspects and parts of the criminal and procedural regulation of rape trials. The article ends with final conclusions and reflections on the continuum of formality and informality in rape trials.</p><p>The material in the study from which this article derives consists of observations of 18 rape cases, including written judgments and interviews with legal professionals in these cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}