Journal of Human Capital最新文献

{"title":"Occupational Attainment of Natives and Immigrants: A Cross-Cohort Analysis","authors":"Hugh Cassidy","doi":"10.1086/704323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/704323","url":null,"abstract":"I compare the occupational attainment of male US immigrant and native workers using the task-based approach. Immigrants have on average higher manual and lower analytical and interactive task requirements than natives, and this gap has expanded greatly in the past several decades. The occupational assimilation toward natives in task requirements observed for earlier cohorts has slowed significantly for more recent cohorts. The increased size of both country of origin and linguistic groups as well as declining English language acquisition help to explain the assimilation slowdown. Controlling for task requirements helps to explain the earnings assimilation slowdown.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"375 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/704323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44696236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of Skills to the Racial Wage Gap","authors":"M. Petre","doi":"10.1086/704322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/704322","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing the distributions of wages, cognitive, and noncognitive skills for white, black, and Hispanic men reveals differences throughout these distributions. I use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and unconditional quantile Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions to decompose observed wage gaps throughout the distribution into portions explained by cognitive and noncognitive skills. Noncognitive skills explain 2–4 percent of the wage gap between blacks and whites and 9–25 percent of the wage gap throughout the distribution between Hispanics and whites, whereas cognitive skills explain 8–70 and 24–90 percent, respectively. Between blacks and Hispanics, noncognitive skills explain 5–10 percent and cognitive skills 9–24 percent.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"479 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/704322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46612963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preference Formation within Families","authors":"G. Becker","doi":"10.1086/704747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/704747","url":null,"abstract":"Children are born with their genetic makeup and their experiences in the womb, but are largely a tabula rasa compared to the effects of a lifetime of future experiences. One does not have to accept the Freudian emphasis on very early childhood and early sexual fantasies to believe that childhood and teen-age experiences have an enormous influence on adult preferences. Basic values, preferences in food and clothing, attitudes toward the opposite sex, ambitions, and other parts of preferences all get influenced by what happens to a person when young. And no one has a greater influence on preference formation than parents and other close relatives. They usually determine practically all the experiences of children during their first few years of life, and many of their experiences through the teens. What parents do and do not do has a great influence on the preference formation of their children. Most parents are aware of this, if only vaguely. To the extent they care about what their children’s preferences will be, they incorporate the effects on children in their decisions concerning what they do. For example, if their smoking raises the likelihood that their children smoke, they may decide not to smoke because they do not want the children to take up smoking. Or they may go to church only because they believe churchgoing will improve the values of their children. Of course, what parents want to do is constrained also by their preferences, as influenced by their own childhood experiences. Rational parents maximize their utility, conditional not only on their resources, but also on their past experiences, and their attitudes toward their children. Sections 2 and 3 of this paper are organized around the issue of support of parents in their old age. Parents will accumulate assets to help provide for their old-age needs. Whether they also want their children to help support themdepends on their altruism toward children. I will show that the desire for support also interacts with whether parents invest the optimal amount of human capital in children. How can parents insure that their children will want to help them if they need help? One way is to try to influence the formation of children’s","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"142 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/704747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49490939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sample of The Power of the Economic Approach: Unpublished Manuscripts of Gary S. Becker, Edited by Julio J. Elías, Casey B. Mulligan, and Kevin M. Murphy, University of Chicago Press (Forthcoming)","authors":"J. Elias, C. Mulligan, Kevin M. Murphy","doi":"10.1086/703354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/703354","url":null,"abstract":"Gary Becker was one of the most original and influential economists in the history of economics as a science. After Becker accomplished so much, it might seem that little would remain to do on the subject of understanding and predicting human behavior with the traditional tools of economic theory. We agree that he had extraordinary talent and, for example, undertook the study of human capital just before the market value of human capital was about to take off. But Becker taught that human capital hasmany elements of increasing returns, that initial learning many times increases the incentive to pursue additional learning. The same goes for learning the economic approach to explaining human behavior. The learning that remains is the genesis of the forthcoming book The Power of the Economic Approach: Unpublished Manuscripts of Gary S. Becker. When it comes to politics, the role of families in developing a person (her skills and preferences), fertility, and inequality, Becker was confident that some of the finest applications of economics had not yet arrived. He kept working to find breakthroughs. Each previously unpublished document in this book is an instance where he identified a direction of inquiry that had a good chance of success, but he did not","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"140 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/703354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49482123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education and Marriage Decisions of Japanese Women and the Role of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act","authors":"L. N. Edwards, Takuya Hasebe, Tadashi Sakai","doi":"10.1086/702924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/702924","url":null,"abstract":"The Japanese Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA) of 1985 aimed to reduce gender discrimination in the labor market, especially for career-oriented jobs. This paper investigates whether this act had an unanticipated effect on women’s marriage decisions. Using micro data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers, we model women’s interrelated decisions on university education and whether to marry, focusing on whether women have married by age 32. Our results show a negative relationship between university education and marriage that is much greater for post-EEOA cohorts of women than for pre-EEOA cohorts, consistent with our hypothesis that the enhanced career opportunities associated with the EEOA stimulated women to delay or forgo marriage.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"260 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/702924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42608197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Human Capital and Team Stability","authors":"P. Chiappori, B. Salanié, Alfred Galichon","doi":"10.1086/702925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/702925","url":null,"abstract":"In many economic contexts, agents from the same population team up to better exploit their human capital. In such contexts (often called “roommate matching problems”), stable matchings may fail to exist even when utility is transferable. We show that when each individual has a close substitute, a stable matching can be implemented with minimal policy intervention. Our results shed light on the stability of partnerships in the labor market. Moreover, they imply that the tools crafted in empirical studies of the marriage problem can easily be adapted to many roommate problems.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"236 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/702925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44942270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Volume 2 of Celebrating the Life and Work of Gary Becker","authors":"I. Ehrlich","doi":"10.1086/703983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/703983","url":null,"abstract":"I am happy to introduce the second volume of the Journal of Human Capital ’s special issue celebrating the life and work of Gary Becker. The first volume, published in the JHC last year (Summer 2018, vol. 12, no. 2), contains a collection of papers that were presented in a conference held at the Becker-Friedman Institute at the University of Chicago on October 16, 2015. We are gratified by the favorable reactionsmany of our readers have expressed about that volume, which focused largely on the central contribution of Gary Becker to economics—his seminal work on the role of investment in, and the accumulation of, human capital as a productive asset, which Becker believed to be as important as, if not more important than, the role of physical capital in the economy. The papers and web supplements appearing in that volume (https://www.journals.uchicago.edu /toc/jhc/2018/12/2) constitute just the “first serving” of the journal’s celebration of Becker’s life and work. As I noted at the end of my introduction to the first volume, the JHC had received almost as many equally meritorious papers from Becker’s long-time colleagues and students that could not be included in the 2015 conference and the first volume because of time and space constraints. These papers, which are presented in this volume, thus constitute the “second serving” of our celebration. Indeed, the second serving of the celebration of Becker’s life and work may be even more exciting, as it includes a surprise—a wonderful contribution by Gary Becker to his own memorial celebration! The article “Preference Formation within Families” by Gary S. Becker, dated 1992, is not a submission we received from another world. It is a current discovery by Guity Nashat Becker, Gary’s wife, with the help of a number of Gary’s students, in one of the many drawers and storage compartments at Gary’s home study. The article was foundwith a treasure trove of other unpublished papers Gary had written. Fortunately, three of these students, Julio Elías, Kevin Murphy, and Casey Mulligan, have un-","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"137 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/703983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41703348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inheritance Laws, Educational Attainment, and Child Labor: Evidence from Indian States","authors":"Amanda Kerr","doi":"10.1086/701437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/701437","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how the introduction of female inheritance rights, implemented in four Indian states between 1986 and 1994, affected educational achievement and labor force participation of children. Investigating time-varying state amendments to the Hindu Succession Act of 1956, which provided equal inheritance rights to male and female children, I find that reforms led to greater probability of primary school completion and lower probability of labor force participation for children. Performing a triple-difference analysis, I find that these results are larger for Hindu children, specifically Hindu females and Hindu children living in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Picking Up the Losses: The Impact of the Cultural Revolution on Human Capital Reinvestment in Urban China","authors":"Jun-su Han, Wing Suen, Junsen Zhang","doi":"10.1086/701773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/701773","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses the Cultural Revolution in China as a quasi-experiment to analyze the long-term impact of interrupted education during an economic transition with many opportunities that reward educational qualifications. We focus on the remedial human capital investment decisions taken by individuals whose education was interrupted by the Cultural Revolution. We find substantial increases in schooling levels among the adult cohorts as they invest in continuous education to compensate for their interrupted schooling and to take advantage of new opportunities afforded by the economic transition. The initial lower level of education caused by the institutional shock can be largely remedied.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"56 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/701773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47379871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Higher Education Access: Supply, Sorting, and Outcomes in Colombia","authors":"J. Carranza, M. Ferreyra","doi":"10.1086/701435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/701435","url":null,"abstract":"Between 2000 and 2013, higher education (HE) in Colombia expanded substantially in response to greater demand, greater supply of capacity and programs on the part of HE institutions, and policies enhancing HE access and attractiveness. We use rich student- and program-level data to decompose the observed enrollment expansion, and we show that changes in HE supply, policy, and returns account for most of the expansion and have been critical to the inflow of low-ability students. We investigate the supply expansion and the opening of new programs and find that these were driven by the economic incentives facing the institutions.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"95 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/701435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42179431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}