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Journal of Human Capital最新文献

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Age and the Trying Out of New Ideas. 年龄与新想法的尝试
IF 1.6 3区 经济学
Journal of Human Capital Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/703160
Mikko Packalen, Jay Bhattacharya
{"title":"Age and the Trying Out of New Ideas.","authors":"Mikko Packalen, Jay Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1086/703160","DOIUrl":"10.1086/703160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aging of the scientific workforce and graying of grant recipients are central policy concerns in biomedicine. These trends are potentially important because older scientists are often seen as less open to new ideas than younger scientists. In this paper, we put this hypothesis to an empirical test. Using a measure of new ideas derived from the text of nearly all biomedical scientific articles published since 1946, we compare the tendency of younger and older researchers to try out new ideas in their work. We find that papers published in biomedicine by younger researchers are more likely to build on new ideas. Collaboration with an experienced researcher matters as well. Papers with a young first author and a more experienced last author are more likely to try out newer ideas than papers published by other team configurations. Given the crucial role that the trying out of new ideas plays in the advancement of science, our results buttress the case for funding scientific work by young researchers but also provide a caution against unconditional idolatry of youth over experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"341-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6703833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60694334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Marching across Generations? Education Benefits and Intrahousehold Decision-Making 跨越几代人？教育福利与家庭内部决策
IF 1.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Human Capital Pub Date : 2018-12-21 DOI: 10.1086/704321
Benjamin L. Castleman, Francis X. Murphy, William L. Skimmyhorn
{"title":"Marching across Generations? Education Benefits and Intrahousehold Decision-Making","authors":"Benjamin L. Castleman, Francis X. Murphy, William L. Skimmyhorn","doi":"10.1086/704321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/704321","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate how families resolve an important intrafamily household allocation problem—investing in their children’s postsecondary education—in the context of the Post-9/11 GI Bill. This legislation allowed service members to transfer education benefits to a family member in exchange for additional military service. Descriptive analysis reveals clear socioeconomic differences in patterns of transfer: utilization rates are highest among senior service members, who are better educated and earn higher wages, and are lowest among less educated, lower-wage junior soldiers. This pattern of use suggests that the transfer provision may have limited impact on intergenerational mobility for service members of low socioeconomic status.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"410 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/704321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46326672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Intergenerational Mobility in Education: Variation in Geography and Time 教育的代际流动:地理和时间的变化
IF 1.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Human Capital Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1086/705610
Jason M. Fletcher, J. Han
{"title":"Intergenerational Mobility in Education: Variation in Geography and Time","authors":"Jason M. Fletcher, J. Han","doi":"10.1086/705610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/705610","url":null,"abstract":"Education mobility contributes to income mobility and is an important policy target but has received little attention. This paper documents trends (1982–2004) and geographical differences (across US states) in education mobility. We develop mobility measures that respect the unique properties of education attainment. While standard approaches suggest slightly increasing mobility over the sample period, we find that mobility fluctuated, decreasing over roughly the first decade and increasing in the second. Geographic variation in education mobility is correlated with local community and policy factors—such as the existence of high school exit exams. Finally, the South is excluded from national increases in mobility.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"585 - 634"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/705610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46932442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Increasing Student Involvement to Decrease Underachievement: Experimental Evidence on Gender Differences in Performance 增加学生参与以减少成绩不佳:成绩性别差异的实验证据
IF 1.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Human Capital Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.1086/700189
C. Haelermans, Maartje van der Eem
{"title":"Increasing Student Involvement to Decrease Underachievement: Experimental Evidence on Gender Differences in Performance","authors":"C. Haelermans, Maartje van der Eem","doi":"10.1086/700189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/700189","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the short-run effect of increased student involvement on academic achievement, motivation, and grade repetition. We use a randomized field experiment among 130 tenth-grade students in a Dutch upper secondary school. Students who are more involved in their own learning process have significantly higher academic performance and a lower chance of grade repetition. Extrinsic motivation was lower for these students, but there was no effect on intrinsic motivation. All effects can be attributed to male students. The main explanation for the findings is that students feel more responsible and in charge of their own learning process.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"12 1","pages":"669 - 700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/700189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46987486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Effects of Compulsory-Schooling Laws on Teenage Marriage and Births in Turkey 土耳其义务教育法对青少年婚姻和生育的影响
IF 1.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Human Capital Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.1086/700076
Murat G. Kırdar, Meltem Dayıoğlu, I. Koç
{"title":"The Effects of Compulsory-Schooling Laws on Teenage Marriage and Births in Turkey","authors":"Murat G. Kırdar, Meltem Dayıoğlu, I. Koç","doi":"10.1086/700076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/700076","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the effects of the extension of compulsory schooling from 5 to 8 years in Turkey on marriage and birth outcomes of teenage girls, using a regression discontinuity design. This law increases girls’ schooling by roughly 1 year on average, substantially reducing the probability of marriage by age 16 and first birth by age 17. These effects disappear after ages 17 for marriage and 18 for first birth. These results suggest that this law has strong compulsory-attendance effects during the newly mandated years and human capital effects afterward on marriage and birth outcomes. However, the human capital effects vanish after a couple of years, when students become free to leave school.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"12 1","pages":"640 - 668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/700076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47244191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
Does Bad News Travel Faster? On the Determinants of Medical Technology Abandonment 坏消息传播得更快吗？论医疗技术废弃的决定因素
IF 1.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Human Capital Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.1086/700078
J. Berez, G. David, David H. Howard, M. Neuman
{"title":"Does Bad News Travel Faster? On the Determinants of Medical Technology Abandonment","authors":"J. Berez, G. David, David H. Howard, M. Neuman","doi":"10.1086/700078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/700078","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the abandonment of technology in reaction to information shocks. While the diffusion of new technologies has been widely researched, the factors driving abandonment are not well understood. This is particularly important in the health care sector, where curbing overuse of low-value technologies is a priority. Using the abandonment of pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) as an empirical application, we aim to understand patterns of human behavior when information that a technology is ineffective becomes available. This study focuses on the role of peer interaction in explaining medical technology abandonment. We find that surgeons alter their use of PACs in response to that of new surgeons who joined their hospitals directly from a fellowship in cardiothoracic surgery.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"12 1","pages":"569 - 603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/700078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46435506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Assessing the Smooth Rise in Mothers’ Employment as Children Age 评估随着孩子年龄的增长，母亲就业率的平稳上升
IF 1.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Human Capital Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.1086/700077
Darren Lubotsky, Javaeria Qureshi
{"title":"Assessing the Smooth Rise in Mothers’ Employment as Children Age","authors":"Darren Lubotsky, Javaeria Qureshi","doi":"10.1086/700077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/700077","url":null,"abstract":"We study the trajectory of maternal employment as children age and assess the factors underlying the smooth increase in mothers’ employment as their youngest child ages. Our results indicate that the rising employment profile is largely not associated with falling child care costs, changes in nonlabor income, or marital dissolution as children age. Differences in educational attainment and wage opportunities are related to some of the increase in employment when children are under 4 years old but do not explain any after that age. We discuss explanations for the rising pattern of mothers’ employment that might be consistent with our results.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"12 1","pages":"604 - 639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/700077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48701655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Inheritance Laws, Educational Attainment, and Child Labor: Evidence from Indian States 继承法、受教育程度与童工:来自印度各邦的证据
IF 1.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Human Capital Pub Date : 2018-10-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2696517
A. Kerr
{"title":"Inheritance Laws, Educational Attainment, and Child Labor: Evidence from Indian States","authors":"A. Kerr","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2696517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2696517","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how the introduction of female inheritance rights, implemented in four Indian states between 1986 and 1994, affected educational achievement and labor force participation of children. Investigating time-varying state amendments to the Hindu Succession Act of 1956, which provided equal inheritance rights to male and female children, I find that reforms led to greater probability of primary school completion and lower probability of labor force participation for children. Performing a triple-difference analysis, I find that these results are larger for Hindu children, specifically Hindu females and Hindu children living in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2139/ssrn.2696517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Effect of Increasing Human Capital Investment on Economic Growth and Poverty: A Simulation Exercise 增加人力资本投资对经济增长和贫困的影响：一个模拟练习
IF 1.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Human Capital Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/708195
M. Collin, D. Weil
{"title":"The Effect of Increasing Human Capital Investment on Economic Growth and Poverty: A Simulation Exercise","authors":"M. Collin, D. Weil","doi":"10.1086/708195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/708195","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the dynamic responses of income and poverty to increased investment in the human capital of new cohorts of workers, using a quantitative macroeconomic model with realistic demography. Higher investment leads to significant improvements, although phase-in takes considerable time. Gains are largest in poor countries. We argue in the context of our model that investing in people is more cost effective than investing in physical capital as a means to achieve specified income or poverty goals. We also study the effect of higher human capital on fertility and the follow-on effects of lower fertility on income.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"14 1","pages":"43 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/708195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46311205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
Medicaid Crowd-Out of Long-Term Care Insurance with Endogenous Medicaid Enrollment 医疗补助挤掉长期护理保险与内生医疗补助注册
IF 1.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Human Capital Pub Date : 2018-08-07 DOI: 10.1086/698134
Geena Kim
{"title":"Medicaid Crowd-Out of Long-Term Care Insurance with Endogenous Medicaid Enrollment","authors":"Geena Kim","doi":"10.1086/698134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/698134","url":null,"abstract":"I examine the impact of policies lowering long-term care insurance (LTCI) premiums and Medicaid availability on the LTCI demand of unmarried elderly women living in four states—California, Florida, Texas, and Michigan—by developing and estimating a stochastic dynamic model of decisions on LTCI purchase, Medicaid enrollment, nursing home use, and asset holdings. The model parameters are estimated using the Health and Retirement Study from 1998 to 2004 by simulated maximum likelihood estimation. Counterfactual policy experiments based on the estimated parameters show that both price elasticity and Medicaid crowd-out of LTCI demand are small for the population studied.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":"12 1","pages":"431 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/698134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47276056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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