Journal of Family History最新文献

{"title":"How Silence Became “Outdated”: Secrecy, Anonymity and Artificial Insemination by Donor in Belgium, 1950s-1990s","authors":"T. Claes","doi":"10.1177/03631990221126697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221126697","url":null,"abstract":"This article for the first time places the issues of secrecy and anonymity in donor conception in historical perspective. It relates the gradual move away from secrecy to the growing importance attached to honesty and transparency in the 1970s, during the ‘sexual revolution’. Debates surrounding secrecy received new impetus in the 1980s, when single and lesbian mothers gained access to AID, who told their children the truth because there were no men in their life to assume the paternal role. Yet the issue of anonymity only became questioned under the influence of child development studies relating to adoption and identity.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47214144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Same-sex Marriage Over 26 Years: Marriage and Divorce Trends in Rural and Urban Norway","authors":"Rune Zahl-Olsen, F. Thuen","doi":"10.1177/03631990221122966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221122966","url":null,"abstract":"The trends in marriage and divorce among male and female same-sex couples in urban and rural Norway were compared to different-sex marriages. Norway legalized same-sex living in 1993 and marriage in 2009. Cohorts from 1993 to 2018 were included. The 2009 gender-neutral marriage law appears to have had minimal impact on the rate of same-sex unions and divorces. Moreover, divorce risks are highest in female same-sex marriages, whereas male same-sex marriages have the same divorce risk levels as different-sex marriages. The divorce risk is declining for same-sex marriages in urban areas, while the opposite is observed in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"200 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47459731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Family Histories of World War II: Survivors and Descendants by Roisin Healy and Gearoid Barry","authors":"G. Piehler","doi":"10.1177/03631990221116525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221116525","url":null,"abstract":"or Hell. The trapped man is simply depicted as stewing in his own juice in the present. Even so, God (Mon Dieu) is constantly invoked by the speakers in the dialogues, with an occasional saint thrown in for good measure (for example, Saint Jean, 24; Sainte Catherine, 52). Sometimes devils are invoked in oaths, such as “par tous les diables” (82) or “Par Dieu” [I swear to God, 96). One remarkable feature of this text (3–4), which is introduced at the outset (though not addressed in the earlier introductions by the editor or translator), is the author’s political remarks on liberty and the status of France. “La nature humaine,” he says, “recherche naturellement la liberté et l’indépendance. Ainsi, plusieurs grandes seigneuries ont été perdues, parce que leurs princes ont porté atteinte à la liberté de leurs sujets.” After summarizing how the French have broken with the Holy Roman Empire, he asserts that “toutes les personnes réduites en esclavage ont désiré venir en France pour y vivre libres; ainsi, la France est devenue la terre la plus noble du monde, la plus opulente, la plus peuplée et la mieux garnie en édifices, florissante en richesse, science et sagesse, éclairée par la foi catholique et autres vertus.” Another point of interest is the author’s awareness of changes in fashion, both for women and men. The author refers to a husband’s out-of-date spurs, “éperons du temps du roi Clotaire” (74), or states explicitly that since the wars in Flanders (1380s?), “la coupe du vêtements a entretemps changé” (74). To conclude, I will note that the author offers no proposals for changing the prevailing system of marriage: it is what it is—a trap. Nowhere does he offer, for example, a vision of harmonious partnership in wedlock (à la John Stuart Mill, in his landmark 1869 book On the Subjection of Women, which was immediately translated into French and many other European languages) in contrast to his view that there is an eternal war between the sexes, even though his depiction of husbands and wives in dialogue indicates that they refer to one another as “Mon ami” and “Mon amie”. The anonymous author does not critique the Church’s monopoly on sanctifying marriage, nor does he propose that a prince’s government would or could do better by his subjects, who (in the author’s view) are mainly useful for fighting the prince’s wars and for paying taxes. Certainly, he has no intent whatsoever of authorizing women’s emancipation, or even their better character “education,” much less schooling. It seems to be too early in the history of French civilization for any of that. In sum, the text exudes a fatalistic view of the human condition, of how men and women must necessarily be at odds, which some of us no longer share today. And yet, in conclusion, and despite his depiction of the ostensible “joys” of marriage, the author acknowledges that men cannot get along without women.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"105 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46835392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Burning the Breeze: Three Generations of Women in the American West by Lisa Hendrickson","authors":"Jennifer. Hill","doi":"10.1177/03631990221116526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221116526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"108 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46754885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Les Quinze Joies de Mariage by Anon","authors":"K. Offen","doi":"10.1177/03631990221116538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221116538","url":null,"abstract":"This book offers a critical edition of Les Quinze Joies de Mariage (The Fifteen Joys of Marriage; c. early fifteenth century) with a translation into modern/contemporary French. It is prefaced by a sixty-page comprehensive introduction by the editor, Jean Rychner, and a thoughtful second introduction, subtitled “Pourquoi et comment lire les Quinze joies de mariage aujourd’hui?” [Why and How to Read the Fifteen Joys of Marriage Today?] by the translator, Jean-Claude Mühlethaler, who makes a convincing case for its timelessness. The edition also accommodates extensive endnotes, a glossary, and an index of proper names. The full text is prose, not poetry. Its depictions of conflicts in marital life are remarkably realistic; such complaints and concerns can easily be recognized in today’s advice columns. For those of us who struggle with “old” French, this modern translation is extremely valuable. The book is arranged so that the modern edition faces the requisite pages of the earlier critical edition, so for specialists (as well as intrigued non-specialist readers) it is easy to evaluate and compare both texts. The annotated critical edition itself is based on the careful study of four extant manuscripts (Rouen, Chantilly, Leningrad [once again St. Petersberg], and Phillipps), plus three printed editions (two from the late fifteenth century and the 1734 edition Le Duchat). The modernized text reads like a novel; in fact, it is a thoroughly entertaining read. As a historian who has worked for decades retrieving texts from the French debates on both sides of the so-called woman question, my primary interest is in the contents of the text, though it has to be said that Rychner has done a splendid job of summarizing scholarly efforts to date it, place it in locale (western France), and sleuth out the identity of the author (no consensus has been reached on this point), as well as to determine who might have read it (in manuscript). As it turns out, Christine de Pizan—who in 1405 was the first woman writer to defend the honor of French women against the misogynistic insults of two earlier writers—Jean de Meung and Matheolus —apparently had not read Les Quinze Joies de Mariage when she penned her Book of the City of Ladies in response to the other two writers. By the end of the fifteenth century, though, the manuscript of Les Quinze Joies was among the earliest published texts and was reprinted from time to time over the next few centuries. It has always fascinated and troubled me to find that misogynous and simply antifeminist tracts seemed to command more attention from publishers than those that either defended women from insults or advocated their emancipation. Les Quinze Joies de Mariage is not, strictly speaking, misogynist. I would call it misanthropic, insofar as its still-anonymous French author seems to be equally critical of the stupidity of men who willingly give up their liberty to dive into the “trap” (la nasse) of marriage, and of wives, us","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"103 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42391426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Stories from Saddle Mountain: Autobiographies of a Kiowa Family by Henrietta Tongkeamha and Raymond Tongkeamnha","authors":"D. Ratliff","doi":"10.1177/03631990221116549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221116549","url":null,"abstract":"affected the dynamics between working class and student youth activists. It could also have been further enriched through the inclusion of the voices of young workers and their life histories—something the author provides in fascinating detail in the following chapter on the Red Army. This chapter provides a lively history of the JRA by tracing the trajectories of Shigenobu Fusako and Wakamiya Masanori and highlighting the local and global connections of the group. Its conclusion points out that Shigenobu was complicit in reinforcing the gender hierarchy of a masculine polis through her propaganda messages. While the author illustrates this complicity in convincing detail, one can question if it completely “eclipsed” Shigenobu’s ideological visions. The gender norms of mainstream society powerfully affected members of the JRA, as did the pervasive consumer culture of early 1970s Japan. However, should we conclude that these influences and the JRA members’ active embrace and enactment of these norms defined them? The chapter’s framing suggests that we should; its rich and lively contents suggest that we should not. The chapter raises questions for further research concerning the intersections between gender norms and activism in Shigenobu and other women activists, as well as their differently gendered portrayals in the mainstream media. While the first two chapters focus on nonstate actors on the Far Left, the last two examine the Far Right. In the early 1950s, “reverse course” became a phrase encapsulating the reactionary turn in Japanese society and politics under the Cold War, with transwar figures escaping the postwar purge and rehabilitating themselves into positions of power. While the phrase was no longer widely used by the late 1960s and early 1970s, the case studies of Kodama Yoshio and Sasakawa Ryoichi illustrate how the trend it referred to continued well into this period. One “Old Left” activist once quipped to the effect that postwar Japan has been on the “reverse course” trajectory for so long, by now it should be in the Stone Ages. However, the last two chapters of this book remind us that generational, class, and gender intersected in ways that preclude a simple portrayal of a linear movement backward in time. Here, one can question the author’s framing of his subjects of analyzes as “nonstate actors” of the Far Left and Right. As the author shows in vivid detail, Far Right activists of the transwar generation enjoyed state establishment connections and resources to a degree that casts doubt on their position as “nonstate actors.” The boundaries between state and nonstate were significantly blurred on the Far Right. On the Far Left, the boundaries were clear and to a degree that was likely higher than most when viewed in global context. While the capacity of social movements to unite and enable political change may have been “a high standard” that was generally not attained in the global 1960s, there were also significant differen","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"483 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45928733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Reckoning with Slavery: Gender, Kinship, and Capitalism in the Early Black Atlantic by Jennifer L. Morgan","authors":"Daniel Livesay","doi":"10.1177/03631990221116497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221116497","url":null,"abstract":"ilies despite the ongoing dehumanizing and persecutory context of the post-emancipation era. Given the book’s intended focus on the “Long Nineteenth Century,” Hilde could have devoted more attention to fatherhood in the postbellum period rather than in just her final two chapters. Nevertheless, Slavery, Fatherhood, and Paternal Duty in African American Communities over the Long Nineteenth Century is a well-researched and vital contribution to the field which convincingly demonstrates the “quietly heroic efforts of African American men as fathers” (281).","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"491 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47111081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: A Cultural History of Marriage in the Renaissance and Early Modern Age by Joanne M. Ferraro","authors":"Claire L. Carlin","doi":"10.1177/03631990221116540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221116540","url":null,"abstract":"nection between Native history and geography. It also provides an important narrative of transformation both in land and in people, one told in part by a voice “clear with strength” and the other that brings this history into the present. Stories from Saddle Mountain: Autobiographies of a Kiowa Family is a thoughtful collection of Indigenous family histories with an important methodological intervention.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"486 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47640786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic Transition and the Industrial Revolution in England: Inverse Rural and Urban Processes","authors":"D. Friedlander, Barbara S. Okun","doi":"10.1177/03631990221114065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221114065","url":null,"abstract":"We present a model of 19th Century population change in England & Wales. The model highlights contrasting demographic and economic processes in rural and urban sectors as core explanations for rural to urban migration, stemming from labor surpluses in the former and labor shortages in the latter. This massive migration transformed the geographic distribution of the population, in tandem with the economic transformation caused by the Industrial Revolution. We argue that demographic literature on historical population processes in England & Wales in the 19th Century has paid insufficient attention to the role of internal migration.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"401 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Catholic Social Networks in Early Modern England: Kinship, Gender, and Coexistence by Lisa McClain","authors":"Lisa Mcclain","doi":"10.1177/03631990221086518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221086518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"338 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}