Journal of Family History最新文献

{"title":"Birth Control as a National Challenge: Nationalizing Concepts of Families in Eastern Europe, 1914–1939","authors":"Heidi Hein-Kircher, E. Hiemer","doi":"10.1177/03631990231160107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231160107","url":null,"abstract":"Providing the conceptional framework of the special issue and discussing its main hypotheses, the introductory article points out that extraordinary vivid discourses on birth control in journalism emerged during East Central Europe's interwar period. They fought for more liberal attitudes towards birth control, but were combined with a peculiar emphasis on the nation, since they were more intensively colored by and integrated in nationalizing discourses. Thus, they became an essential part of the question of how the society should like, so that they were only partly a reflection of female self-empowerment. Thus, birth control as a core method of family planning at that time had become an issue of national survival.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47686916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Quantity Itself Generates Quality”: Family Conceptions Between Catholicism, Nationalism, and Eugenics in Slovakia in the Late 1930s and Early 1940s","authors":"Miloslav Szabó","doi":"10.1177/03631990231160121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231160121","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the intersections but also the unrelenting tension between the Catholic Church und politics and efforts to regulate society through eugenics in order to heal it in the context of the establishment of the Slovak state between 1938 and 1941, which was based on a specific conception of traditional family. In the first step, the discourse of the national revolution in the period of Slovak autonomy at the turn of 1938 and 1939 is analyzed, with emphasis on the requirement of “national health” through measures of so-called positive eugenics. Subsequently, the article examines the efforts to institutionalize this discourse in the context of the establishment of a museum of hygiene according to the German model. Finally, it outlines the impact of this context on the preparation and implementation of the anti-interruption law on “fetal protection” of 1941.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42201669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marriage, Family Planning, and Birth Control Discourses in Latvia during the Wars, 1914–1920","authors":"Ineta Lipša","doi":"10.1177/03631990231160188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231160188","url":null,"abstract":"In the territories of the Russian Empire populated by the Latvians, the years of the First World War (1914–1918) and the ensuing Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920) witnessed a significant transformation in the discourse on family planning and birth control. Because men were mobilized, there was a marked fall in the number of registered marriages, which meant that women had only a slim chance of marrying and planning a family. The nation's ideologues faced a challenge: how to restrain Latvian women from marriages and casual relationships with soldiers of the multi-ethnic Russian army and the occupying German army, who had been stationed in the Latvian-populated provinces since 1915, these having been separated by the battlefront. Women's demographic behavior was changing, with sexual life beginning before marriage, giving rise to a phenomenon of casual liaisons. Latvian nationalists, seeking to prevent such casual relationships in the name of the future they imagined for their people, promoted sexual restraint, which became at this time one of the strategies of the nation-building process. This article examines the wartime possibilities for marriage and the family planning associated with it and investigates the discourse of the propaganda of sexual restraint that was maintained and developed by Latvian nationalists, looking at their assessment of the situation and the principles they formulated for the appropriate (non-) use of sexuality, which in that context acted as a birth control instrument. The article looks at the role of abortion as a traditional means of birth control, and how the wartime conditions affected the number of children born outside of marriage. The research is based mainly on analyses of press materials, statistical data, and archival documents.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45162995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Women as Agents and Beneficiaries in the Hungarian Family Planning System (1914–1944)","authors":"Fanni Svégel","doi":"10.1177/03631990231160222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231160222","url":null,"abstract":"The article outlines the developments in the national concept of family planning with particular reference to the female agents of healthcare and social policy measures from the turn of the century up to 1944. After the lost war and the shattering Treaty of Trianon in 1920, Hungary found itself in a deepening demographic crisis. High infant mortality and criminal abortion rates, the deficiency of graduate midwives, and the one-child system in the south-western part of the country concerned both politicians and intellectuals. The paper aims at connecting the medical, political, and social discourses based on archival and press sources on family planning by analyzing the role and agency of different women's organizations. I argue that state social policy measures and aid actions of the church and civic organizations and associations principally assigned two types of roles to women. On the one hand, they were active participants and agents, on the other hand, they were passive subjects and beneficiaries of social assistance activities. Furthermore, the article highlights the role of medical professionals (doctors, midwives, nurses) intersecting with the role of women as active agents in the execution of social policy measures. By integrating documents on family planning such as journal articles, political speeches and criminal abortion data into the national and political discourses, the article claims that women have often played contradictory roles in the process of family planning. Midwives and nurses who served as gatekeepers either helped women by providing access to birth control and abortion or complied with the regulations of the pro-natalist state, depriving women of choice.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46024955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Misattributed Parentage Communities: Impacts of Discovering New Familial Kinships","authors":"B. Lawton, L. C. Pyott, K. Deyerin, A. Foeman","doi":"10.1177/03631990231156176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231156176","url":null,"abstract":"Finding out about misattributed parentage experiences often leads to identity shock and new medical histories. Many individuals learn about new genetic family members through direct-to-consumer DNA tests. These individuals’ relationships with their raising families are often upended, while new ones are formed with biological families. The paper reports findings from a survey of 605 individuals from Facebook misattributed parentage experience (MPE) support groups broken down into three communities (Adoptees, Assisted Conception, Nonpaternal Event (NPE), and Rape/Assault (a subgroup of NPE)). Findings reveal significant differences among MPE communities in terms of relationships with raising and newly discovered biological families, medical histories, identity impacts, attitudes, and resource use.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41679606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Rituals and Sisterhoods: Single Women’s Households in Mexico, 1560–1750 by Amos Megged","authors":"Jacqueline Holler","doi":"10.1177/03631990231157265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231157265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48080170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Fighter, Worker, and Family Man. German-Jewish Men and Their Gendered Experiences in Nazi Germany, 1933–1941 by Sebastian Huebel","authors":"Sheer Ganor","doi":"10.1177/03631990221150490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221150490","url":null,"abstract":"One day in December 1942, during his internment as an illegal alien in Switzerland, Herbert Lewandowski opened his diary and mused over the significance of regular journaling. Partly in jest and partly in earnest he then added: “In keeping a diary at least I hold on to being a man” (Lee van Dovski, Schweizer Tagebuch eines Internierten. Pfeil Verlag, 1946, 35). Born in 1896 in Cassel, Germany, to a Jewish family, the Catholic convert Lewandowski was on the run from the genocidal antisemitic violence of the Nazis, which took the lives of several of his family members. Writing a diary may not appear to be an obvious expression of masculinity and manhood in their various cultural codifications. For Lewandowski, a product of a certain social milieu that celebrated cultural cultivation and refinement as a form of “making it,” the connection between keeping a diary and his identity as a man was not that big of a stretch. But as an interned refugee—safe, “but as a prisoner,” (28) as he put it—in a state of confined agency, the significance of his diary extended far beyond the habits and aspirations typical of his middle-class German-Jewish background. It was a rare outlet for creativity and productivity that allowed Lewandowski to insist on his right to define himself at a time when his ability to do so was increasingly threatened. The stories of men like Lewandowski, and those of their family and fellow community members, are at the focus of Sebastian Huebel’s important new book, Fighter, Worker and Family Man: German-Jewish Men and Their Gendered Experiences in Nazi Germany, 1933–1941. Huebel’s book explores how the National Socialist regime deliberately targeted Jewish masculinity as an integral element of its ideology as well as in policy, how Jewish men living in Germany at the time responded to these attacks on a personal level and how German-Jewish organizations confronted them on behalf of the entire community. While the regime’s actions towards undermining Jewish masculinity and Jewish men “signified a loss of authority and created feelings of powerlessness that were intricately linked to conceptions of masculinity (Huebel, 7),”Huebel shows that Jewish men developed a variety of strategies that helped to preserve their sense of agency and dignity in their pursuit of fighting against their intended emasculation (as understood according to the prevailing gender norms of their time and place). Gender historians have been producing incredibly important scholarship on the history of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust for several decades. Their work has made it clear that it is necessary to approach the analysis of that dark period with serious consideration of gender politics and gendered experiences. And yet, studies focusing explicitly on men and masculinity (and especially Jewish masculinity) remain scant still. Existing works mostly tend to focus on masculinity as a component of Fascism. Huebel’s focus on the gendered identities of Jewish men theref","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44744022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: The Last Heir: The Triumphs and Tragedies of Two Montana Families by Bill Vaughn","authors":"Rebecca A. Buller","doi":"10.1177/03631990221148480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221148480","url":null,"abstract":"In The Last Heir: The Triumphs and Tragedies of Two Montana Families, writer Bill Vaughn paints an intriguing picture of the Burkes and the Herrins families’ intertwining histories in Montana’s upper Missouri River Valley from the late nineteenth century to today. By doing so, Vaughn highlights American, and portions of western, history through the eyes and experiences of two families, the professional Burkes and the ranching Herrins, whose family tree lines eventually meet, creating the author’s wife. Using a journalistic methodology of research and writing, the author employs existing documentation (e.g., newspaper articles and court judgments) and oral history stories— largely from two people (i.e., his spouse, Kitty Herrin, and her mother, Molly Catherine Burke Herrin)—as his main sources. It is not clear whether other current family descendants were consulted in the book’s writing. Vaughn’s attention-grabbing writing style will engage a public audience, nearly immediately drawing readers in with Paramount Global’s television series (2018–present) Yellowstone-like theatrics of shady Montana politics, nepotism, and “friends” favoritism. Here is a historical drama of go-getters: daring individuals and families whose actions and motivations—including but not limited to pride, ambition, aggression, fighting, violence, and court cases—often mirrored one another. Within the Burkes and Herrins, are substantial “kingdoms”—whether professional or agricultural—started generations back, slowly built up and quickly lost with boom and bust cycles, with an increasing family imperative of the importance, and burden, of maintaining and defending the kingdom. Depicted are “typical” rural “strong” families characterized by a hard-working ethos and inability to talk about and acknowledge mental health needs, seeing those with such “struggles” as “weak.” Readers will detect theme manifestations from popular culture standards: books like Sandoz’s Old Jules (Little, Brown, and Company 1935) and Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men (Covici Friede 1937); books and film adaptations such as Maclean’s A River Runs Through It (University of Chicago Press 1976, Columbia Pictures 1992), Harrison’s Legends of the Fall (Delacorte Press 1979, TriStar Pictures 1994), and Paine’s Open Range (Walker & Co 1990, Touchstone Pictures 2003); and television series like Dallas (CBS Broadcasting Inc. 1978–1991) and Yellowstone. The book illuminates intersections of Burke and Herrin family history with local (e.g., Army Corps of Engineers and Missouri River damming projects), national (e.g., whitecapping, Social Security Act, Campfire Girls, World War II Homefront efforts), and international (e.g., western world baseball, World War I, Great Depression) history. Those versed in the historical geography of the Great Plains will see familiar themes of boom/bust cycles of economics and towns in the late 1800s and early 1900s; white Booster optimism; shady railroad advertisements enticing settlers Bo","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42137313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Economy and Social Coercion: Nuptiality in Transition. The Case of the Don Army Territory (Southern Russia), 1867–1916","authors":"N. Bonneuil, E. Fursa","doi":"10.1177/03631990221143989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221143989","url":null,"abstract":"The nuptiality transition in the Don Army Territory 1867–1916 depended on residence, economy, and religion. In rural areas, population growth and the scarcity of good land undermined the Orthodox tradition, though it was defended by the Church; rural Armenian-Gregorians persisted in early marriage, unlike Old Believers, Buddhists, and Lutherans. In cities, Armenian-Gregorians and Jews, unlike Catholics, adopted late marriage. Age at marriage among Orthodox was slightly later in cities and their hinterlands, against the tradition that Church conservatism favored. The different trajectories of nuptiality reveal a struggle between religion, economics, and urban life, making nuptiality a scene of contradictory influences.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49171615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poverty Risks of Women in Ancient China: How Social Institutions Shaped the Poverty Risks Faced by Women During the Ming-Qing Period","authors":"Jia Xu, Xiuzhen Ding, Thurid Eggers","doi":"10.1177/03631990221143987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221143987","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the Ming-Qing period (1368–1911), examining the differences in the poverty risks of Chinese women in various social positions after their husbands or fathers had died based on historical records and archives. We argue that women's poverty risks depended not only on their family's wealth but also on their social positions, which regulated their eligibility for various income sources such as dowry, family property, and assistance from their lineage or the government. Unlike most studies, we focus on the combination of various income sources for which women were eligible, via which they evaded poverty to different degrees.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45128515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}