Journal of Family History最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: Memory, Reconciliation, and Reunions in South Korea: Crossing the Divide by Nan Kim","authors":"Janice C. H. Kim","doi":"10.1177/03631990231165205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231165205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"368 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43143691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Crisis in Interwar Czechoslovakia: Building up a Healthy Family","authors":"Barbora Jakobyová","doi":"10.1177/03631990231161505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231161505","url":null,"abstract":"A population problem represented by the declining birth rate came to the focus of experts’ and politicians’ attention in interwar Czechoslovakia. Significant activities concerning the decrease in quantity and alleged population quality were pursued within the broad spectrum of experts who questioned the nation's future. Drawing from the concept of biopolitics, this article demonstrates through the analysis of medical discourse how medical professionals and social workers together with counseling bureaux, foregrounded the idea of a healthy family, primarily inspired by a (pseudo)science of eugenics, in order to maintain appropriate quantitative and qualitative population development. This article aims to expand the body of knowledge on experts’ attitudes toward demographic trends in interwar Czechoslovakia and to draw attention to two types of counseling bureaux and their role in reproductive policy. While the idea of eugenic premarital bureaux was explicitly linked to the eugenic movement that aimed at discouraging the reproduction of people identified as inferior, the role of counseling bureaux for mothers and children regarding family planning and reproduction remains overshadowed by their mission of medico-social care for children.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"293 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65232595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Family as “Best Weapon.” Instrumentalizing German Health Care Discourses in Upper Silesia During the Interwar Period","authors":"E. Hiemer","doi":"10.1177/03631990231160093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231160093","url":null,"abstract":"Pro-German family and health policies were, at their core, anti-Polish measures that cleared the path for later racially determined politics. The sources demonstrate how these policies were justified and how their character developed from protective to invasive. Therefore, I examine first protective discourses about the fight against venereal diseases, then analyze supportive regulations such as the midwifery policies and the later invasive measures like sterilizations. Although these seem to be different topics, I show that the German “people's family” (Volksfamilie) and its significance for the health of the German “people's body” (Volkskörper) is always implied. Using a close-reading approach that considers newspaper articles, administrative and private files, I show the extent to which national and nationalist beliefs interfered with the everyday life of citizens. The text thus scrutinizes unpublished sources regarding the strategic importance of families in German biopolitics and its interpretation in the conflicted border region of Upper Silesia. In 1921, a plebiscite was held to decide on the division of the region. This intensified conflicts between Germany and Poland, which had just gained independence in 1918. I argue that the unstable position of the new emerged country was instrumentalized in German discourses to underline the image of the disorganized and underdeveloped East.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"261 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65232534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Such Different Worlds: Edward J. Hedican and Catherine Anne Wilson on Family and Community in Rural Ontario in the Victorian era","authors":"D. Akenson","doi":"10.1177/03631990231160994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231160994","url":null,"abstract":"Two recent volumes from Canada ’ s leading scholarly presses represent the possible futures of rural history as practiced in Canada: Edward J. Hedican, After the Famine. The Irish Family Farm in Eastern Ontario, 1851 – 1881 and Catherine Anne Wilson, Being Neighbours. Cooperative Work and Rural Culture, 1830 – 1960 . Each has implications both direct and indirect for the way that the fi eld of family history deals with central Canadian culture as it moved swiftly from being virtually a contact culture to a fully articulated and dominant capitalistic European society. Yet, when placed side by side, the most recent works of these two scholars could almost come from different planets. The authors have a good deal in common and this needs to be pointed out. A brief discussion on their commonalities is useful, for it forms a plinth that makes it easier to see the dimensions of their divergence. Each author has previously done signi fi cant historical work. E. J. Hedican, a historical ethnogra-pher with a special interest in the Canadian north, published The Ogoki River Guides: Emergent Leadership among the Northern Ojibwa (Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1986), a monograph on Ogoki River Guides among the Ojibwa and an expansion and revision of his 1978 McGill University doctoral thesis. He subsequently wrote three books of memoir and of methodological re fl ection. C. A. Wilson, previous to her present volume, published two works that relate to the usually ignored practice of tenancy as one of the tactics adopted in the early stages of New World settlement. Wilson ’ s Tenants in Time: Family Strategies, Land, and Liberalism in Upper Canada, 1799 – 1871 (McGill-Queen ’ s University Press, 2009) is a historiographical depth charge. It is a strong argument for recognizing that the alleged North-American pattern of quick acquisition of free-hold farms in the settlement period was not universal; indeed, it may not even have been predomi-nant. This argument is still not fully assimilated into the social and economic history of the United States and Canada in the nineteenth century. Its publication placed Wilson among the leaders of the new rural","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"354 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43225713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth Control as a National Challenge: Nationalizing Concepts of Families in Eastern Europe, 1914–1939","authors":"Heidi Hein-Kircher, E. Hiemer","doi":"10.1177/03631990231160107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231160107","url":null,"abstract":"Providing the conceptional framework of the special issue and discussing its main hypotheses, the introductory article points out that extraordinary vivid discourses on birth control in journalism emerged during East Central Europe's interwar period. They fought for more liberal attitudes towards birth control, but were combined with a peculiar emphasis on the nation, since they were more intensively colored by and integrated in nationalizing discourses. Thus, they became an essential part of the question of how the society should like, so that they were only partly a reflection of female self-empowerment. Thus, birth control as a core method of family planning at that time had become an issue of national survival.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"235 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47686916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Quantity Itself Generates Quality”: Family Conceptions Between Catholicism, Nationalism, and Eugenics in Slovakia in the Late 1930s and Early 1940s","authors":"Miloslav Szabó","doi":"10.1177/03631990231160121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231160121","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the intersections but also the unrelenting tension between the Catholic Church und politics and efforts to regulate society through eugenics in order to heal it in the context of the establishment of the Slovak state between 1938 and 1941, which was based on a specific conception of traditional family. In the first step, the discourse of the national revolution in the period of Slovak autonomy at the turn of 1938 and 1939 is analyzed, with emphasis on the requirement of “national health” through measures of so-called positive eugenics. Subsequently, the article examines the efforts to institutionalize this discourse in the context of the establishment of a museum of hygiene according to the German model. Finally, it outlines the impact of this context on the preparation and implementation of the anti-interruption law on “fetal protection” of 1941.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"323 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42201669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marriage, Family Planning, and Birth Control Discourses in Latvia during the Wars, 1914–1920","authors":"Ineta Lipša","doi":"10.1177/03631990231160188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231160188","url":null,"abstract":"In the territories of the Russian Empire populated by the Latvians, the years of the First World War (1914–1918) and the ensuing Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920) witnessed a significant transformation in the discourse on family planning and birth control. Because men were mobilized, there was a marked fall in the number of registered marriages, which meant that women had only a slim chance of marrying and planning a family. The nation's ideologues faced a challenge: how to restrain Latvian women from marriages and casual relationships with soldiers of the multi-ethnic Russian army and the occupying German army, who had been stationed in the Latvian-populated provinces since 1915, these having been separated by the battlefront. Women's demographic behavior was changing, with sexual life beginning before marriage, giving rise to a phenomenon of casual liaisons. Latvian nationalists, seeking to prevent such casual relationships in the name of the future they imagined for their people, promoted sexual restraint, which became at this time one of the strategies of the nation-building process. This article examines the wartime possibilities for marriage and the family planning associated with it and investigates the discourse of the propaganda of sexual restraint that was maintained and developed by Latvian nationalists, looking at their assessment of the situation and the principles they formulated for the appropriate (non-) use of sexuality, which in that context acted as a birth control instrument. The article looks at the role of abortion as a traditional means of birth control, and how the wartime conditions affected the number of children born outside of marriage. The research is based mainly on analyses of press materials, statistical data, and archival documents.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"245 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45162995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Women as Agents and Beneficiaries in the Hungarian Family Planning System (1914–1944)","authors":"Fanni Svégel","doi":"10.1177/03631990231160222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231160222","url":null,"abstract":"The article outlines the developments in the national concept of family planning with particular reference to the female agents of healthcare and social policy measures from the turn of the century up to 1944. After the lost war and the shattering Treaty of Trianon in 1920, Hungary found itself in a deepening demographic crisis. High infant mortality and criminal abortion rates, the deficiency of graduate midwives, and the one-child system in the south-western part of the country concerned both politicians and intellectuals. The paper aims at connecting the medical, political, and social discourses based on archival and press sources on family planning by analyzing the role and agency of different women's organizations. I argue that state social policy measures and aid actions of the church and civic organizations and associations principally assigned two types of roles to women. On the one hand, they were active participants and agents, on the other hand, they were passive subjects and beneficiaries of social assistance activities. Furthermore, the article highlights the role of medical professionals (doctors, midwives, nurses) intersecting with the role of women as active agents in the execution of social policy measures. By integrating documents on family planning such as journal articles, political speeches and criminal abortion data into the national and political discourses, the article claims that women have often played contradictory roles in the process of family planning. Midwives and nurses who served as gatekeepers either helped women by providing access to birth control and abortion or complied with the regulations of the pro-natalist state, depriving women of choice.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"338 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46024955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Misattributed Parentage Communities: Impacts of Discovering New Familial Kinships","authors":"B. Lawton, L. C. Pyott, K. Deyerin, A. Foeman","doi":"10.1177/03631990231156176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231156176","url":null,"abstract":"Finding out about misattributed parentage experiences often leads to identity shock and new medical histories. Many individuals learn about new genetic family members through direct-to-consumer DNA tests. These individuals’ relationships with their raising families are often upended, while new ones are formed with biological families. The paper reports findings from a survey of 605 individuals from Facebook misattributed parentage experience (MPE) support groups broken down into three communities (Adoptees, Assisted Conception, Nonpaternal Event (NPE), and Rape/Assault (a subgroup of NPE)). Findings reveal significant differences among MPE communities in terms of relationships with raising and newly discovered biological families, medical histories, identity impacts, attitudes, and resource use.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41679606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Rituals and Sisterhoods: Single Women’s Households in Mexico, 1560–1750 by Amos Megged","authors":"Jacqueline Holler","doi":"10.1177/03631990231157265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990231157265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"366 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48080170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}