Longitudinal and Life Course Studies最新文献

{"title":"Testing the association between the early parent–child relationship and teacher reported socio-emotional difficulties at 11 years: a quantile mediation analysis","authors":"R. Rush, E. Westrupp, J. Law","doi":"10.1332/175795921x16249989225845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921x16249989225845","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The corresponding author takes responsibility for data integrity and the accuracy of the analysis. The data are from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), which began in 2000, and is conducted by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS). It available to researchers on registration of their proposed research (https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/get-data).The importance of the relationship between socio-emotional difficulties in childhood and adult mental health are well recognised but how such difficulties emerge is less well recognised. Specifically this paper explores the extent of the relationship between parenting beliefs in the first year of the child’s life, parenting skills reported when the child was three years and different quantiles of socio-emotional development recorded by teachers at 11 years. In addition, it explores the extent to which language development at school entry has the potential to mediate these relationships.This paper draws on data from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) to investigate the relation between parenting attitudes when the child was ten months old and parent–child relationship when the child was three years of age to child socio-emotional development measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 11 years, and the mediating role of naming vocabulary measured on the British Abilities Scales (BAS) at school entry (five years).Unadjusted associations were found for both parental factors on child mental health problems, but this did not hold for parent beliefs once the models were adjusted. The relationships varied in the quantile analysis suggesting that this approach adds to our understanding of these relationships. Vocabulary at school entry mediated the relation to socio-emotional difficulties especially for children with higher levels of mental health problems. Results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms in any intervention to improve mental health outcomes at the end of primary school.Key messagesParent–child relationship and child mental health problems established.Language at five years minimally mediates the effect of parent–child relationship on child behaviour.Stronger language mediated associations were found for children with higher levels of mental health problems.Parental factors and language were differentially related, a consideration with mental health interventions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42413985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lasting imprint of childhood disadvantage: cumulative histories of exposure to childhood adversity and trajectories of psychological distress in adulthood.","authors":"Loanna S Heidinger,&nbsp;Andrea E Willson","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16223516066150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16223516066150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study contributes to the literature on the long-term effects of childhood disadvantage on mental health by estimating the association between patterns of cumulative childhood adversity on trajectories of psychological distress in adulthood. There is little research that investigates how compositional variations in the accumulation of childhood adversity may initiate distinct processes of disadvantage and differentially shape trajectories of psychological distress across the adult life course. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics' Childhood Retrospective Circumstance Study and latent class analysis, we first identify distinct classes representing varied histories of exposure to childhood adversities using 25 indicators of adversity across multiple childhood domains. Next, the latent classes are included as predictors of trajectories of psychological distress in adulthood. The results demonstrate that patterns of experiences of childhood adversity are associated with higher levels of adult psychological distress that persists, and in some cases worsens, in adulthood, contributing to disparities in mental health across the life course.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":"121-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of socio-economic gaps in children's language skills in Germany.","authors":"Thorsten Schneider,&nbsp;Tobias Linberg","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16233448663756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16233448663756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gaps in language skills by socio-economic status (SES) are already evident before school entry, and these gaps may change over time. After discussing mechanisms of cumulative advantages ('Matthew effects') and compensatory effects as well as the relevance of cultural capital and child-related activities in families, this paper tests mechanisms behind changing SES gaps in language skills from age five to nine in Germany. Analysing data from the German National Educational Panel Study with growth curve models, we find widening SES gaps in children's vocabulary. Children of mothers with low educational attainment show a far below-average increase in skills. The findings are in line with cumulative advantage by status, although initial skills predict their growth over time as well. There are no signs of any type of compensatory effects. Reading aloud to children appears to substantially impact and mediate SES differences in vocabulary progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":"87-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language skills in student essays: social disparities and later educational attainment.","authors":"Maximilian Weber","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16244506861047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16244506861047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the role of language skills in socially stratified educational attainment. Using essays written at the age of 11 in a large British cohort study, the National Child Development Study (NCDS), two measures of written language skills are derived: lexical diversity and the number of spelling and grammar errors. Results show that participants from the lower social strata misspelt more words and used a smaller variety of words in their essays than more socially privileged cohort members. Those language skills mediate part of the association between social origin and the highest level of educational attainment achieved. An even higher mediation of about half can be observed if standardised test measures for verbal and non-verbal cognitive abilities are included in the model. The models show that language skills mediate the social origin effect on educational attainment by about a quarter.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"13 2","pages":"239-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40688398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistency of data collected through online life history calendars.","authors":"André Berchtold,&nbsp;Bertil Wicht,&nbsp;Joan-Carles Surís,&nbsp;Davide Morselli","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16209324334818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16209324334818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The collection of longitudinal data is crucial in some domains such as life course studies. However, prospective studies are considerably costly, and thus retrospective data are an appealing alternative. A life history calendar is a tool specifically conceived to collect retrospective data. However, although it is designed to enhance the recall process of the respondents, the accuracy of the data collected through this approach remains unknown, particularly when data is collected online. In this study, we conducted a secondary analysis of data collected from n = 5,181 respondents through an online survey regarding their sexual health. Because we inquired about the occurrence of certain events twice during the survey, once using a life calendar and once through a traditional questionnaire, we were able to perform three types of consistency checks: (1) reporting of single events, (2) age when the events occurred and (3) correct timing between two events. The main results indicated that it is generally more difficult to remember the exact age of occurrence of an event than the event itself, that the report of related events is generally coherent, and that women are generally more accurate in their answers than men. Based on our results, it is therefore possible to identify a subset of persons whose answers are more consistent throughout the survey. This study also shows that data obtained through an online life history calendar can be of a quality similar to that obtained through a traditional online questionnaire.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":"145-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40666167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the returns to education at entry into the labour market in West Germany.","authors":"Rolf Becker,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Blossfeld","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16197756998006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16197756998006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article studies to what extent societal processes such as educational expansion, economic modernisation and business cycles have affected the returns to educational certificates of women and men entering the labour market in West Germany. Using longitudinal data, long-term changes in cohort- and period-specific effects on socio-economic status attainment at entry into the labour market are investigated between 1945 and 2008. Analyses demonstrate that the entrants' average socio-economic prestige scores have clearly risen in the process of modernisation. Despite educational expansion, increasing skill demands for highly qualified graduates resulted in rising rates of returns for the most highly educated entrants across birth cohorts. While educational expansion and economic modernisation have boosted socio-economic returns at entry into the labour market for women from all educational levels, it has not been the case for men with the lowest levels of education. Both educational expansion and rising skill requirements of occupations led to an increasing polarisation of inequality between tertiary educated labour-market entrants and less-qualified school leavers. Educational expansion in West Germany has therefore never exceeded the occupational skill demands at entry into the labour market.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":"61-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of parental and child physical and mental health on behavioural and emotional adjustment in mid-childhood: a comparison of two generations of British children born 30 years apart","authors":"S. Parsons, A. Sullivan, E. Fitzsimons, G. Ploubidis","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16115949616122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16115949616122","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Poor physical health and behavioural and emotional problems in childhood have a lasting impact on well-being in adolescence and adulthood. Here we address the relationship between poor parent and child physical and mental health in early childhood (age 5) and conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in mid-childhood (age 10/11). We compare results across two generations of British children born 30 years apart in 1970 (n = 15,856) and 2000/2 (16,628). We take advantage of rich longitudinal birth cohort data and establish that a child’s own poor health was associated with conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in mid-childhood in both generations, and that with the exception of conduct problems in the 1970 cohort these relationships remained when family socio-economic status and individual characteristics were accounted for. Poor maternal mental health was similarly associated with conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in both generations; poor parental physical health with a child having later hyperactivity and emotional problems in the younger generation. Results also indicated that earlier behaviour problems had more influence on later problems for children in the more recent cohort. Given the increasing proportion of children and adolescents with mental health problems and that socio-economic disadvantage increases physical and mental well-being concerns within families, policy solutions must consider the holistic nature of a child’s family environment to prevent some children experiencing a ‘double whammy’ of disadvantage. The early years provide the best opportunity to promote children’s resilience and well-being and minimise the development of entrenched negative behaviours and their subsequent costs to society.Key messagesPoor parental physical and mental health each have a negative association with behavioural adjustment in (two generations of British) children.A child’s poor health has a negative association with later behavioural adjustment in (two generations of British) children.The relationships remain even after family background and a child’s earlier behaviour scores are taken into account.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42419540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal studies and the social sciences – time to innovate or replicate? Reflections from Peter Elias, Section Editor for Social and Economic Sciences","authors":"P. Elias","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16127392344002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16127392344002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"115-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48887660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social class and sex differences in higher-education attainment among adults in Scotland since the 1960s.","authors":"Lindsay Paterson","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16140986832835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16140986832835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An important question about adult education is whether it compensates for or exacerbates initial inequality. The paper looks at this question in relation to higher education in Scotland, considering inequality with respect to sex and to social class. The data come from three cohorts followed from birth to 2011-12. The oldest is unique to Scotland, consisting of people born in 1936. The other two are the Scottish components of British cohorts who were born in 1958 and 1970. This range of time allows an investigation of the effects of half a century of higher-education expansion, drawing a distinction between all higher education and degree-level higher education. The conclusions are that the proportion of women who gained any higher-education qualification was lower than that of men in the 1936 cohort right up to age 75, was equal to men's in the 1958 cohort up to age 54, and in the 1970 cohort was higher than men's from the outset and moved increasingly ahead up to early middle age. For degrees, the female proportion converged with but did not overtake the male proportion. On social class, inequality for all higher education widened with age in the oldest cohort, did not change in the middle cohort, and narrowed with age in the youngest cohort. For degrees, inequality did not change across cohorts or across ages within cohort. Thus any widening of access by adults to higher education has depended mainly on levels below that of degrees.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":"7-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living on the Edge: An American Generation’s Journey Through the Twentieth Century","authors":"J. Mortimer","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16125214726386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16125214726386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"263-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45093534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}