Longitudinal and Life Course Studies最新文献

{"title":"How do grandparents' and parents' educational attainments influence parents' educational expectations for children?","authors":"Jeylan T Mortimer, Mark Lee","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16160914636911","DOIUrl":"10.1332/175795921X16160914636911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Highly educated parents hold high educational expectations for their children, which influence children's motivation and achievement in school. However, it is unclear whether grandparents' (G1) education influences parents' (G2) expectations for children (G3) independently of, or in interaction with, parents' own education. We address this question using data from 477 families in the US Youth Development Study, which has followed a cohort of young people from adolescence through adulthood. Using mixed models to account for shared characteristics of children in the same family, our results demonstrate both main and interaction effects. First, they indicate that grandparents influence parents' expectations for their children directly. Grandparents' income and the educational expectations they held for their G2 children when they were in high school predict the G2 parents' expectations for their own children, even after controlling G2 college attendance. G1 college attendance does not directly affect G2 expectations for G3 after accounting for other relevant family characteristics. However, G1 college attendance moderates the effect of G2 college attendance on their expectations for G3. If G1 did not attend college, G2 college attendance does not significantly heighten their expectations for G3. But G2 college attendance does significantly boost their expectations for G3 if G1 also attended college. We partially replicate these findings using nationally representative data from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - Child and Young Adult cohort. This study highlights the need to expand the scope of status attainment research beyond the parent-child dyad to examine the influence of prior generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334709/pdf/nihms-1698809.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40555638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of parental and child physical and mental health on behavioural and emotional adjustment in mid-childhood: a comparison of two generations of British children born 30 years apart","authors":"S. Parsons, A. Sullivan, E. Fitzsimons, G. Ploubidis","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16115949616122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16115949616122","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Poor physical health and behavioural and emotional problems in childhood have a lasting impact on well-being in adolescence and adulthood. Here we address the relationship between poor parent and child physical and mental health in early childhood (age 5) and conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in mid-childhood (age 10/11). We compare results across two generations of British children born 30 years apart in 1970 (n = 15,856) and 2000/2 (16,628). We take advantage of rich longitudinal birth cohort data and establish that a child’s own poor health was associated with conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in mid-childhood in both generations, and that with the exception of conduct problems in the 1970 cohort these relationships remained when family socio-economic status and individual characteristics were accounted for. Poor maternal mental health was similarly associated with conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in both generations; poor parental physical health with a child having later hyperactivity and emotional problems in the younger generation. Results also indicated that earlier behaviour problems had more influence on later problems for children in the more recent cohort. Given the increasing proportion of children and adolescents with mental health problems and that socio-economic disadvantage increases physical and mental well-being concerns within families, policy solutions must consider the holistic nature of a child’s family environment to prevent some children experiencing a ‘double whammy’ of disadvantage. The early years provide the best opportunity to promote children’s resilience and well-being and minimise the development of entrenched negative behaviours and their subsequent costs to society.Key messagesPoor parental physical and mental health each have a negative association with behavioural adjustment in (two generations of British) children.A child’s poor health has a negative association with later behavioural adjustment in (two generations of British) children.The relationships remain even after family background and a child’s earlier behaviour scores are taken into account.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42419540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal studies and the social sciences – time to innovate or replicate? Reflections from Peter Elias, Section Editor for Social and Economic Sciences","authors":"P. Elias","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16127392344002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16127392344002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48887660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social class and sex differences in higher-education attainment among adults in Scotland since the 1960s.","authors":"Lindsay Paterson","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16140986832835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16140986832835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An important question about adult education is whether it compensates for or exacerbates initial inequality. The paper looks at this question in relation to higher education in Scotland, considering inequality with respect to sex and to social class. The data come from three cohorts followed from birth to 2011-12. The oldest is unique to Scotland, consisting of people born in 1936. The other two are the Scottish components of British cohorts who were born in 1958 and 1970. This range of time allows an investigation of the effects of half a century of higher-education expansion, drawing a distinction between all higher education and degree-level higher education. The conclusions are that the proportion of women who gained any higher-education qualification was lower than that of men in the 1936 cohort right up to age 75, was equal to men's in the 1958 cohort up to age 54, and in the 1970 cohort was higher than men's from the outset and moved increasingly ahead up to early middle age. For degrees, the female proportion converged with but did not overtake the male proportion. On social class, inequality for all higher education widened with age in the oldest cohort, did not change in the middle cohort, and narrowed with age in the youngest cohort. For degrees, inequality did not change across cohorts or across ages within cohort. Thus any widening of access by adults to higher education has depended mainly on levels below that of degrees.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living on the Edge: An American Generation’s Journey Through the Twentieth Century","authors":"J. Mortimer","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16125214726386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16125214726386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45093534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways into childbearing delay of men and women in Australia.","authors":"Ester Lazzari","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16197735939121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16197735939121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childbearing delay is a pervasive feature of Australian society, but little research has been conducted to examine how socio-economic factors are linked to childbearing timing among Australian men and women. This paper addresses this by analysing the timing of first childbirth for a large sample of Australian residents (N = 4,444). The findings indicate that childbearing delay is socially patterned and that life course experiences shape the risk of delaying childbearing across genders. Having a tertiary qualification delays the transition to parenthood, especially for women. An uninterrupted career prolongs time to parenthood for women but accelerates it for men. Low occupational prestige, being married and having been in only one co-residential union are associated with earlier parenthood for both men and women. For each increase in education level, not being married is associated with increasing levels of childlessness. Clear-cut gender differences are found in the relationship between childlessness and childbearing delay.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40688403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) Birth Cohort protocol: rationale, design and methodology","authors":"M. Z. Sakhvidi, Navid Danaei, P. Dadvand, A. Mehrparvar, M. Heidari-Beni, S. Nouripour, H. Nikukar, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, E. Saffarieh, M. Noorishadkam, M. Amin, M. Mirmohammadkhani, M. Lotfi, Ahmad Vaez, S. Mirmohammadi, E. Zarean, M. Mojibian, M. Hashemipour, O. Yaghini, M. S. Rezai, A. Esmaeili, A. Fahimzad, H. Hakimi, Mohammad Reza Navaeifar, Hamideh Ebrahimi, H. Poustchi, R. Malekzadeh, R. Kelishadi","doi":"10.1332/175795920x16062247639874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795920x16062247639874","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Birth cohorts are essential for developing evidence-based policies and advancing knowledge on different aspects of the concept of developmental origins of health and diseases (DOHaD). The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) is a multicentre\u0000 cohort in Iran. It is one of the pioneers of DOHaD research in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This profile provides a brief overview of this birth cohort, focusing on the objectives and design of the study. The main objective of this birth cohort is to evaluate the associations\u0000 of socio-economic characteristics, lifestyle, diet, environmental exposures and epigenetic factors with outcomes of: pregnancy; mother and child mental and physical health and well-being; child neurodevelopment; and the establishment of chronic disease risk factors.Methods: The\u0000 enrolment of PERSIAN Birth Cohort participants is currently ongoing in five Iranian cities (Isfahan, Yazd, Semnan, Sari and Rafsanjan). We plan to recruit 15,000 mother–offspring pairs, and to follow them for at least ten years. Data collection consists of three consecutive phases: (1)\u0000 periconception until birth; (2) infancy (0–2 years); and (3) childhood (3–11 years). We are collecting data on both ‘determinants of health’ and ‘health outcomes’. In addition to questionnaires and physical examination, various biological samples, including\u0000 blood, urine, hair, nail, cord blood and breastmilk are being collected. Growth and neurodevelopment of children will be monitored. Appropriate data analysis schemes will be employed to assess the role of early life factors in health and disease that would facilitate international comparisons.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46878703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining change in migration strategies over the life course of international PhD students.","authors":"Dana Rakovcová,&nbsp;Dušan Drbohlav","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16147616363118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16147616363118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines PhD students' migration plans and strategies, their development over time, and the circumstances of their potential or real return within the changing life course context. The research is based on a longitudinal qualitative study conducted over six years (2012-17) among 21 international PhD students coming from developing countries, studying in the Netherlands. Results are discussed in the context of a cultural shift and the migration-development nexus. We argue that: (1) strong feelings of responsibility towards both their family and the development of their country of origin are leading factors shaping their migration strategies; (2) specialisation of their research project and its applicability in the home country also importantly influences their return potential; and (3) an apparent moral responsibility towards the home society and a willingness to help countries of migratory origin was growing stronger over the observation time (in harmony with post-materialist values the informants gained when studying in the Netherlands) along the progressing life course, which creates a broad potential for brain gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40667126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment and retention of participants in longitudinal studies after a natural disaster.","authors":"Geraldine F H McLeod,&nbsp;L John Horwood,&nbsp;Brian A Darlow,&nbsp;Joseph M Boden,&nbsp;Julia Martin,&nbsp;Janet K Spittlehouse,&nbsp;Frances A Carter,&nbsp;Jennifer Jordan,&nbsp;Richard Porter,&nbsp;Caroline Bell,&nbsp;Katie Douglas,&nbsp;Jacki Henderson,&nbsp;Marie Goulden,&nbsp;Virginia V W McIntosh,&nbsp;Lianne J Woodward,&nbsp;Julia J Rucklidge,&nbsp;Roeline G Kuijer,&nbsp;Joanne Allen,&nbsp;Esther Vierck","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16168462584238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16168462584238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change and population growth will increase vulnerability to natural and human-made disasters or pandemics. Longitudinal research studies may be adversely impacted by a lack of access to study resources, inability to travel around the urban environment, reluctance of sample members to attend appointments, sample members moving residence and potentially also the destruction of research facilities. One of the key advantages of longitudinal research is the ability to assess associations between exposures and outcomes by limiting the influence of sample selection bias. However, ensuring the validity and reliability of findings in longitudinal research requires the recruitment and retention of respondents who are willing and able to be repeatedly assessed over an extended period of time. This study examined recruitment and retention strategies of 11 longitudinal cohort studies operating during the Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake sequence which began in September 2010, including staff perceptions of the major impediments to study operations during/after the earthquakes and respondents' barriers to participation. Successful strategies to assist recruitment and retention after a natural disaster are discussed. With the current COVID-19 pandemic, longitudinal studies are potentially encountering some of the issues highlighted in this paper including: closure of facilities, restricted movement of research staff and sample members, and reluctance of sample members to attend appointments. It is possible that suggestions in this paper may be implemented so that longitudinal studies can protect the operation of their research programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40667129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The early labour-market returns to upper secondary qualifications track in England","authors":"Queralt Capsada-Munsech, V. Boliver","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16119468619598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16119468619598","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We explore the early labour-market returns to following the academic track (such as A levels) rather than the vocational track (for example, NVQs) in upper secondary education in England. England is an interesting country case because students are ‘free to choose’ which upper secondary track they follow, unlike to many other European countries where standardised tests and teachers’ recommendations play a much larger role. We draw on data from the longitudinal survey Next Steps and register data from the National Pupil Database. We consider occupational social class and net disposable income at age 25 as early labour-market outcomes to explore to what extent the upper secondary qualification track has a net influence on them, controlling for pre-track measured ability, relevant socio-demographic characteristics and higher education participation. Our results show that following the academic track in upper secondary education is associated with higher chances of being employed in a service class occupation at age 25, compared to those with vocational upper secondary qualifications or no upper secondary qualifications at all. Subsequent participation in (prestigious) universities further improves the chances of service class membership. Interestingly, there does not seem to be a differentiated effect of following the academic rather than the vocational track by socio-economic status, except for those that did not subsequently attend university. Unlike access to service class occupations, we find no net effect of upper secondary track on disposable income at age 25 after controlling for prior attainment at GCSE and subsequent participation in higher education.Key messagesWe explore the early labour market returns to following the academic and the vocational track in upper secondary school in England.Following the academic track is associated with higher chances of being employed in a service class occupation, and further improved if attending university.Unlike access to service class occupations, we find no net effect of upper secondary track on disposable income.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42328059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}