Longitudinal and Life Course Studies最新文献_第10页

The standardisation of the life course in 20th-century China 20世纪中国人生历程的规范化

IF 0.9 4区社会学

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1332/175795921x16246259276004

Dianxi Wang, Yufeng Zhao

{"title":"The standardisation of the life course in 20th-century China","authors":"Dianxi Wang, Yufeng Zhao","doi":"10.1332/175795921x16246259276004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921x16246259276004","url":null,"abstract":"In most Western countries, the patterning of the individual life course had reached a high level of uniformity by the 1960s. However, since the late 1970s, indications of an inverse tendency towards destandardisation of the life course have been observed, especially regarding life transitions and status sequences linked to family and occupation. Within China, little research has been conducted to examine the standardisation/destandardisation of the life course. This study uses life history data to take a preliminary step in addressing this question, using a sample of Chinese people born between 1920 and 1969 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The sample is divided into five cohorts of individuals born in 1920–29, 1930–39, 1940–49, 1950–59 and 1960–69. We found that the life course of individuals in these cohorts generally shows a trend of increasing standardisation from the earliest to the most recent cohort, with the exception of the youngest cohort. There are substantively important group differences seen in the standardisation of the life course; a higher level of standardisation is seen in male and rural cohorts in the education–employment trajectories, compared to female and urban cohorts. Further, in terms of family life course, the standardisation of urban cohorts is higher than that of rural cohorts. Different domains of life course show inconsistent paces in their processes of standardisation; this can be seen manifested in the case of individuals’ education–employment trajectories, which tend to be more standardised than family life course.Key messagesThe life course of Chinese people born between 1920 and 1969 generally shows a trend of increasing standardisation.There is a higher level of standardisation in male and rural cohorts in occupational trajectories, compared to female and urban cohorts.In family life course, the standardisation of urban cohorts is higher than that of rural cohorts.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66290750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Data, trajectories, contexts and consequences 数据、轨迹、背景和后果

IF 0.9 4区社会学

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1332/175795921x16297395020172

E. Cooksey

引用次数: 0

Formal differentiation at upper secondary education in Finland: subject-level choices and stratified pathways to socio-economic status and unemployment 芬兰高中教育的正式分化:学科水平的选择和通往社会经济地位和失业的分层途径

IF 0.9 4区社会学

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1332/175795921X16137561576439

Laura Heiskala, Jani Erola, Patricia McMullin

{"title":"Formal differentiation at upper secondary education in Finland: subject-level choices and stratified pathways to socio-economic status and unemployment","authors":"Laura Heiskala, Jani Erola, Patricia McMullin","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16137561576439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16137561576439","url":null,"abstract":"We study labour market outcomes by formal differentiation at upper secondary and tertiary level in Finland. Using full population register data, we take individuals born in 1976 and explore their socio-economic status and the probability of unemployment by educational qualifications and social origin in early adulthood (age 30) and at occupational maturity (age 40). We differentiate based on the level of maths, the most consequential subject choice at general upper secondary education, and show that subject-level choices divert students to stratified tertiary-level degrees and labour market positions net of prior school performance, social origin and gender. In addition, we show that educational performance and qualifications mediate the association between social origin and socio-economic status by 81-83%, leaving around one fifth to unobserved social origin differences. We also find that there are no major differences between upper secondary school tracks with respect to experiencing unemployment at age 30 or 40. Moreover, further educational degrees do not appear to provide additional protection against unemployment than having obtained an upper secondary qualification.Key messagesSubject-level choices at general upper secondary education lead to differences in socio-economic status.Vocational qualifications protect against unemployment but lead to lower socio-economic status.Further degrees after secondary education do not provide additional protection against unemployment.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66290134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mothers’ employment and child behaviour: new evidence for Scotland 母亲就业和儿童行为:苏格兰的新证据

IF 0.9 4区社会学

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1332/175795920X16057278409033

Marita Jacob, M. Kühhirt

{"title":"Mothers’ employment and child behaviour: new evidence for Scotland","authors":"Marita Jacob, M. Kühhirt","doi":"10.1332/175795920X16057278409033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795920X16057278409033","url":null,"abstract":"Given increasing maternal labour-market participation in many European countries, there is an ongoing scientific and public debate on the potential consequences for children’s development. Previous research has used both cross-sectional measures of maternal employment at a particular age of the child and measures capturing maternal employment history. Whereas the former approach cannot capture the cumulative impact of maternal employment on developmental outcomes, studies following the second approach have so far not accounted for the possibility that mothers may repeatedly change their labour-force participation in response to their children’s development or other dynamic context factors that are themselves affecting developmental outcomes.The present study combines statistical techniques that can account for time-varying confounders with cumulative measurement of maternal employment to investigate its link with children’s behavioural problems around age eight. In addition, our study explores whether the effect of maternal employment history differs by mothers’ education. Using data from the Growing Up in Scotland study, we find that children’s behavioural problems around age eight are the less pronounced the more years their mothers have worked full-time or part-time. However, these associations reduced in size once we adjusted for potential confounders and they do not significantly differ between mothers with and without a tertiary degree. These results suggest that the association between maternal employment history and behavioural problems around age eight is mostly driven by confounding factors such as maternal education, child health and socio-economic status.Key messagesThe study investigates the link between maternal employment history until age 6 and children’s behaviour around age 8.It accounts for interdepedencies with other family characteristics like economic resources, maternal health and family structure.The analyses provide no strong evidence either for a substantive positive nor negative effect of maternal employment history.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66289664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability and mobility in occupational career patterns over 36 years in Swiss women and men 36年来瑞士男女职业模式的稳定性和流动性

IF 0.9 4区社会学

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1332/175795921X16137663687028

Kurt Häfeli, A. Hättich, C. Schellenberg, A. Krauss, G. Ritschard

{"title":"Stability and mobility in occupational career patterns over 36 years in Swiss women and men","authors":"Kurt Häfeli, A. Hättich, C. Schellenberg, A. Krauss, G. Ritschard","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16137663687028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16137663687028","url":null,"abstract":"It is an open empirical question whether occupational trajectories are better described as linear or non-linear. We analysed occupational career patterns (OCPs) over a period of 36 years using longitudinal data from a representative sample of men and women of the German-speaking part of Switzerland. The participants were mostly born in 1963; the data collection spans from 1978 until 2015. For 584 persons, information about the occupational development from age 16 to 52 years was available. Each year’s activity was categorised using the International Standard Classification of Occupations. We conducted sequence analysis (optimal matching analysis) to find clusters and ANOVAs to compare group differences. The results showed six plausible and differentiated OCPs for both genders which support linear career models. For women, OCPs were generally stable. In contrast, men showed more change and upward mobility in OCPs. These patterns were influenced by indicators collected from participants when they were age 15, such as the family’s socio-economic status, the individual’s performance on intelligence measures and attitudes toward gender equality. Furthermore, we found several consequences of OCPs at age 52 on objective indicators of career success (status, income) and subjective indicators (work perception, life satisfaction and health status).Key messagesWe studied career development over a period of 36 years (from adolescence to midlife) in Switzerland.Six plausible occupational career patterns supporting a linear model were found for both genders.In women’s career patterns, considerable stability can be observed, while men show more upward mobility.Patterns of upward mobility are related to objective and subjective career success.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66290637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relative time and life course research 相对时间和生命历程研究

IF 0.9 4区社会学

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1332/175795920x15918713165305

Núria Sánchez‐Mira, L. Bernardi

引用次数: 7

Mortality by education, occupational class and income in Finland in the 1990s and 2000s 20世纪90年代和21世纪初芬兰按教育、职业阶层和收入划分的死亡率

IF 0.9 4区社会学

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1332/175795920x15923650647106

R. Hoffmann, Hannes Kröger, L. Tarkiainen, P. Martikainen

{"title":"Mortality by education, occupational class and income in Finland in the 1990s and 2000s","authors":"R. Hoffmann, Hannes Kröger, L. Tarkiainen, P. Martikainen","doi":"10.1332/175795920x15923650647106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795920x15923650647106","url":null,"abstract":"Differences in mortality by socio-economic position (SEP) are well established, but there is uncertainty as to which dimension of SEP is most important in what context. This study compares the relationship between three SEP dimensions and mortality in Finland, during the periods 1990–97\u0000 and 2000–07, and to existing results for Sweden. We use an 11% random sample from the Finnish population with information on education, occupational class, individual income and mortality (age groups 35–59 and 60–84) (n = 810,902; 274,316 deaths). Cox proportional hazard\u0000 models produce hazard ratios (HR) for categories of SEP variables in bivariate and multivariate models. Multivariate HRs are smaller than bivariate HRs, but all dimensions have a net effect on mortality. Overall, income shows the steepest mortality gradient: HR = 2.49 among men in the lowest\u0000 income quintile aged 35–59 in the 1990s. The importance of the various SEP dimensions is modified by gender and age group, reflecting the significance of gendered life course differences in analyses of health inequality. Except for the declining disadvantage of poor men aged 35–59,\u0000 inequalities are very stable over time and similar between Finland and Sweden. In such studies, the use of only one SEP indicator functions well as a broad marker of SEP. However, only analyses of multiple dimensions allow for comprehensive measurements of SEP, take into account the fact that\u0000 some SEP dimensions are mediated by others, and provide insights into the social mechanisms underlying the stable structure of inequalities in mortality.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"551-585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48316487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Childhood adversity, life course outcomes and a diamond jubilee 童年的不幸，人生的结局和钻石周年纪念

IF 0.9 4区社会学

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1332/175795920x15976696189639

H. Joshi

引用次数: 0

Life course partnership and employment trajectories and parental caregiving at age 55: prospective findings from a British Birth Cohort Study 55岁时的人生伴侣关系、就业轨迹和父母照顾：英国出生队列研究的前瞻性发现

IF 0.9 4区社会学

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1332/175795920x15825061704853

A. McMunn, R. Lacey, E. Webb

引用次数: 2

Psychosocial predictors of asthma onset during mid-adulthood: evidence from the National Child Development Study 成年中期哮喘发作的社会心理预测因素:来自国家儿童发展研究的证据

IF 0.9 4区社会学

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1332/175795920x15974275066175

C. Hammond

{"title":"Psychosocial predictors of asthma onset during mid-adulthood: evidence from the National Child Development Study","authors":"C. Hammond","doi":"10.1332/175795920x15974275066175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795920x15974275066175","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides evidence about how psychosocial factors predict asthma onset during mid-adulthood. Questions addressed are:1. Do life course adversities predict asthma onset? What types of adversity are important?2. What factors confound and mediate associations between\u0000 childhood adversity and asthma onset?3. In the context of life course adversity, do psychological factors predict asthma onset?Data from the National Child Development Study from birth to age 42 were used. Asthma onset was measured between 33 and 42.To reduce bias and maintain\u0000 numbers, missing values were imputed in multiple data sets. Logistic regression analyses were conducted of asthma onset on life course adversities, classified as material (including occupation-related) and social (family-/relationship-related, child loss, traumatic). Nested models were used\u0000 to address questions 2 and 3, and a wide range of factors tested.After adjustment for gender, asthma onset during mid-adulthood was more common among cohort members who reported life course adversities (odds ratio per category = 1.232 (1.140–1.332)) in eight categories. Social adversities\u0000 predicted asthma onset after adjustment for material adversities. The association between childhood adversity and asthma onset was mediated by subsequent adversity and depressive symptoms at 33. Asthma onset was predicted by female gender, atopic history, life course adversity, internalising\u0000 childhood temperament and depressive symptoms at 33.This study contributes to a small evidence base that life course adversities substantially increase the risk of adult-onset asthma, and highlights the importance of psychosocial pathways. The salience of depressive symptoms shortly before\u0000 diagnosed onset is a new finding.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"459-493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43727076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0