{"title":"Gender Transitioning and Variance in Children and Adolescents: Some Temporal and Ethical Considerations","authors":"Eve Watson","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1975460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1975460","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper considers how a psychoanalytic approach is positioned to listen empathetically to gender variance. Sexuality for children and adolescents is a site of both intense curiosity and fluidity and it is not unusual for an intensive interrogation of subjectivity to be directed through questions of gender and sexuality. But psychoanalysis diverges from advocacy-based and affirmative approaches today by approaching gender identity as informed by a question that is driving a gender-based answer. Hence, it allows time in analytic work for a question to emerge that a gender position or identity may be answering. This is an ethical approach that supports a space for desire that is not altogether reducible to identity, and is premised on the impossibility of satisfactorily reconciling mind and body in all forms of identity.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58906461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychoanalysis by the Numbers: What Bearing Does Frequency of Sessions Have on the Education and Training of Child Psychoanalytic Candidates?","authors":"Michal Singer","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.2006554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.2006554","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2018, the IPA and the APsaA changed their training requirements for graduation for child and adolescent candidates. The modified standards permitted constituent societies and institutes who followed the traditional Eitington training model to offer their candidates the choice of treating one or more of their supervised cases at a frequency of 3 times per week, rather than the traditional four or five times per week. Controversy over the issue of frequency had preceded this change and has continued after the change. The author attempts to discuss all sides of the debate, addressing the benefits and the costs of each level of frequency. In the absence of good research on this question, the author asked experienced child analysts and some candidates to weigh in with their experiences and opinions. Some areas of consensus as well as areas of disagreement emerged.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47681656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Training Life-Cycle Psychoanalysts: Integrated Psychoanalytic Education","authors":"J. Novick, K. K. Novick","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.2006555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.2006555","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The authors summarize the evolution of child psychoanalysis, including Freud’s extensive pediatric experience, to introduce Anna Freud’s aspiration for an integrated psychoanalysis, comprising the whole life cycle. The authors suggest that her disappointment that child analysis did not receive wider acceptance in the field is related to the phenomenon of “childism,” a pervasive prejudice against children. Nevertheless, some progress in organizing integrated child and adult psychoanalytic trainings has been made; the Michigan Model of Integrated Training is an example and its relation to the IPA’s adoption of an available Integrated Training Track is described. Resistances, problems and erosions are also discussed. At the time of writing, the authors suggest that, while many forces are arrayed which undermine integration of trainings, enthusiastic and sustained effort may create a viable future for integrated psychoanalytic education.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47494289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parent Work in the Development and Teaching of Child Analysis","authors":"Denia Barrett","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.2006558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.2006558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper traces a line from the early psychoanalytic pioneers working as parents, to those whose approach seemed to be to work on parents, to those who explored working via the parents, and concludes with the contemporary practice of working with parents as partners in child analysis. The inclusion of parenthood and parent work in didactic training, supervision, and analysis during and after training is elaborated.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49460123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What about the Baby? Infancy and Parenting in the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"J. Ribaudo","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.2001251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.2001251","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article reviews the evolution of a newborn through the first year of life and the potential impacts of COVID-19 on the infant, parent, and the parent-infant relationship. Babies grow in the context of relationships, and the quality of those relationships affects the physiological and psychological organization of the baby. Precisely because each baby is a being with unique biology, temperament, and ways of experiencing, feeling, and learning, much is to be discovered and understood about them. The baby’s wordless communications require their parents to intuit, infer, hypothesize, and experiment as parents come to know the needs of their baby. As we walk alongside parents who struggle to come to know their infant – even as the infant is coming to know them – we are required to have conceptual knowledge of how a newborn becomes a fully awakened infant. Under typical conditions, the birth of a firstborn baby presents a caregiving challenge and developmental opportunity for the emerging parent. Environmental context can serve to support or interfere in the success of the adjustment. This paper will explore some theoretical underpinnings that contribute to infant and parent well-being and the possible impact of being born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also considered will be the undue burden of families bearing the weight of economic inequities, oppression, and structurally supported racism. This article will explore the influence of parental perception, the development of attachment relationships, and how that is influenced by and influences infant communication. Finally, it will suggest ways that psychotherapists seeing individuals who are parents can hold the infant in mind as they work to understand and respond to their adult clients navigating the impacts of this pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41389817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconsidering Development in Psychoanalysis","authors":"R. Knight","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1996123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1996123","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Psychoanalysis has been using scientifically unsupported developmental theories that were proposed over 100 years ago before we had tools to investigate development. This paper will critically examine the theories of Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott that were based on their ideas of development. These theories and the developmental phases they describe need to be replaced with descriptions of developmental phases that have been scientifically researched and proven for children, adolescents and emerging adults. In this paper a contemporary description and nomenclature for development is described and proposed. A more modern theory of nonlinear dynamic systems is delineated and suggested to replace the unsupported theories used at the start of psychoanalysis that are still being used today and continue to inform our practice of psychoanalysis. This paper is an introduction to a more up-to-date developmental theory, psychoanalytic theory and practice that hopefully we can all participate in and enlarge upon.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48394828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Collective Strange Situation: COVID-19 and Children’s Developmental Lines","authors":"Jordan Bate, Ilana Schulder","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1978725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1978725","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Emerging findings have demonstrated the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of children and families through abrupt and ongoing changes in routine due to social distancing measures, school closures, financial stress, fears of infection, and the loss of loved ones. Research has provided insight into the diverse ways that children and families react to heightened stressors in their environment, both through evidence of increased risk of developing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (Xie et al. 2020), and through protective factors, such as seeking support within a secure family system (Schofield et al. 2013). This paper will review the current literature about the impact of COVID-19 related stressors on children and families and then revisit literature and theories that developed in the context of previous widespread crises, which continue to inform our understanding of human development and resilience following shared traumatic experiences. For example, Bowlby’s theory of attachment was honed by observing the effects of children’s separations from their parents during WW2. Additionally, Victor Frankl’s meaning-focused work, developed after surviving Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust, provides a framework for understanding resilience and shaped the elaboration and applications of existential therapies (Frankl 1946/1984). Based on a review of both the historical and more recent literature, as well as our own observations of children and parents in our clinical practice, we offer some suggestions for how psychoanalytic theories and therapies can support children and adolescents’ emotional development and resilience during and following this crisis.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45265828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender as Lint Collector","authors":"O. Gozlan","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1975458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1975458","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The conceptualization of femininity and masculinity beyond normative viewpoints is one of the most difficult challenges to the psychoanalytic field. It is challenging to think of gender beyond the binary phantasies of a stabilized body – male/female. And yet, binaries are unstable. While new subjectivities such as transgender and non-binary challenge our conception of gender, increased debates in the field regarding demands for gender transitioning, particularly among children and adolescence, reveal an implicit investment and limiting heteronormative ideology that is animated in the tacit alignment of gender with biology. In this brief paper I conceptualize gender in a way that is consistent with a psychoanalytic view of the body and psyche as being out of joint. The psychoanalytic conceptualization of the relationship between the body and its ever-flourishing meanings, as uneven, positions gender as closely linked with sexuality. Conceptualizing gender as a libidinal experience, not easily separated from the unruliness of sexuality, allows us to encounter new and creative formations that exceed our limited conception of human nature.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41550129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What about Children and Gender?","authors":"Laurel M. Silber","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1975459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1975459","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When contextualizing childhood gender expression within an attachment system, a more elaborate picture emerges of what it might be about. This essay serves as a summary of a more contemporary psychoanalytic theoretical consideration of a controversial subject and its’ application to clinical work with children and their families. Gender is embodied and children use their bodies to regulate affects and communicate what is on their mind. This summary emphasizes the importance of an adults’ reflective stance, i.e.one that is playful, for the purposes of helping a child create a coherent narrative of their experience.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42285966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Listening for Trans Childism in Discursive Concern","authors":"Tobias Wiggins","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1975461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1975461","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Keira Bell’s case against the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust challenged the notion that children can consent to certain forms of gender-affirming care, and the subsequent trial has sparked global effects. This paper considers the unconscious fantasies and anxieties that surround both this trial and trans childhood more broadly. Although psychic phenomenon, the normalized defenses of adults continue to inform policy, healthcare, and have a significant impact on the materiality of trans lives. Drawing from Elizabeth Young-Bruehl, I argue that gender non-conforming children become an extension of their caregiver’s subjectivity and provide a unique container for adult’s projected, unbearable thoughts and feelings. In particular, Young-Bruehl’s use of three Freudian personality structures is helpful for tracing symptomatic expressions of childism and conceptualizing the different unconscious motivational forces behind otherwise disparate, public discourses of concern for the child’s wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43307860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}