Journal of Public Health Research最新文献

{"title":"Reproducibility and explainability in digital pathology: The need to make black-box artificial intelligence systems more transparent.","authors":"Gavino Faa, Matteo Fraschini, Luigi Barberini","doi":"10.1177/22799036241284898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036241284898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI), and more specifically Machine Learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL), has permeated the digital pathology field in recent years, with many algorithms successfully applied as new advanced tools to analyze pathological tissues. The introduction of high-resolution scanners in histopathology services has represented a real revolution for pathologists, allowing the analysis of digital whole-slide images (WSI) on a screen without a microscope at hand. However, it means a transition from microscope to algorithms in the absence of specific training for most pathologists involved in clinical practice. The WSI approach represents a major transformation, even from a computational point of view. The multiple ML and DL tools specifically developed for WSI analysis may enhance the diagnostic process in many fields of human pathology. AI-driven models allow the achievement of more consistent results, providing valid support for detecting, from H&E-stained sections, multiple biomarkers, including microsatellite instability, that are missed by expert pathologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":45958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare students are faced with the issue of the rights of people with disabilities and the quality of services: Are we training future healthcare workers who overemphasize technology?","authors":"Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez, Maura Galletta, Federica Sancassiani, Giulia Cossu, Davide Trudu, Antonio Urban, Elisa Cantone, Raffaella Luchetta, Marcello Nonnis, Pedro Fragoso-Castilla, Martha Esther Guerra Muñoz, Sergio Machado, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Mauro G Carta, Clelia Madeddu","doi":"10.1177/22799036241290262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036241290262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> This research describes incorporating the principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in training students at an Italian university. It also describes the perception of students on the rights of people with disabilities and the quality of services using the questionnaire the Well-Being at Work and Respect Right (WWRR), the objective is to compare the responses of students from the faculty of health sciences and health professionals human rights respect, organizational well-being, and job satisfaction in healthcare environments method: Cross-sectional study the data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA test and Chi-SQUARE test results: University students have little recognition of the professional roles for the social and labor inclusion of users of health services, which promotes rethinking the type of training they receive conclusions: the findings show the need to incorporate in a more detailed way the principles of the CRPD in university training plans that promote an emphasis on disabilities based on human rights, despite the fact that the perception by students is optimistic in relation to respect for the rights of users in health services where they have done their training or practices, these results indicate a reevaluation of university training that gives a balance between technical skills but with an emphasis on human rights and social inclusion in health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":45958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elder abuse in the transgender community of Pakistan: A clandestine issue.","authors":"Aleena Mujahid, Fatima Rajab, Muhammad Subtain Kazim, Qasim Mehmood","doi":"10.1177/22799036241294172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036241294172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgender is a broad term that includes people whose gender identity, gender expression, and behavior are discordant with those typically associated with the sex assigned at birth. They are subject to violence, poverty, human rights violations, socioeconomic inequalities, a lack of education, and unemployment. The struggle rises with increasing age, and the elderly community suffers abuse, financial exploitation, physical injuries, cognitive decline, and mental health issues and is denied healthcare. A fair system inclusive of the third gender calls for reforms by the state and society.</p>","PeriodicalId":45958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean Diet adherence, physical activity level, and quality of life in patients affected by thyroid diseases: Comparison between pre- and post-lockdown assessment.","authors":"Silvia Corrias, Michele Fosci, Maura Galletta, Francesco Boi, Germana Baghino, Alessandro Oppo, Francesca Pigliaru, Marietta Melis, Rossella Rodia, Angelo Pani, Carolina Piras, Andrea Deledda, Lorenzo Puglia, Andrea Loviselli, Fernanda Velluzzi","doi":"10.1177/22799036241291270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036241291270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 pandemic resulted in lifestyle change of world's population because of the measures adopted by governments to contain the virus spread.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>This study examined whether lockdown impacted anthropometric indices, Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence, Physical Activity Level (PAL), and Quality of Life (SF-12) in a cohort of 116 patients (96 F, aged 57.2 ± 13.1 years) affected by thyroid disorders. Before lockdown, data were collected during the endocrinological examination; after lockdown they were collected through a tele-phone interview (via video call).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data revealed an overweight condition in 59% of patients, with no significant differences between the two observations (BMI values: 26.5 ± 4.9 vs 26.6 ± 4.9 kg/m²), whereas waist circumference values significantly increased over time (93.3 ± 12.6 vs 94.4 ± 12.5 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Moreover, a lower adherence to the MD (PREDIMED score: 7.3 ± 1.8 vs 7.0 ± 1.8; <i>p</i> = 0.003) and a significant increase of sitting time (6.4 ± 3.2 h/die vs 9.0 ± 4.2; <i>p</i> < 0.001) were observed. A not significant decrease in PAL, which revealed a sedentary condition in pre- and post-lockdown (648 and 562 METs/week respectively), was found. The SF-12 score did not show relevant changes between the two observations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights that patients with thyroid diseases are often sedentary and exhibit a high prevalence of over-weight, underscoring the need for a systematic anthropometric evaluation and, at times, lifestyle interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of data from a national micronutrient survey with a linear mixed model: estimates, predictions and lessons for future surveys.","authors":"Hakunawadi Alexander Pswarayi, Edward J M Joy, Dawd Gashu, Fanny Sandalinas, Adamu Belay, R Murray Lark","doi":"10.1177/22799036241274962","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22799036241274962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because micronutrient deficiencies affect public health, countries monitor population status by national-scale, multi-stage, micronutrient surveys (MNS). In design-based surveys, inclusion probabilities are specified for sample units and the corresponding sample weights allow design-unbiased estimates to be made of population parameters. Corrections may be possible on departures from the design; an alternative is to use linear mixed models (LMM), with an estimated covariance structure reflecting the sampling design, to obtain model-based estimates.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The Ethiopia National Micronutrient Survey (2016) specified inclusion probabilities at enumeration area (EA) and household (HH) levels, and sample weights are provided. However, the design was not followed as it would have resulted in insufficient sampling from women of reproductive age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Having found no evidence that sample weights were informative for target serum micronutrient concentrations (Zn), we estimated LMM parameters, with Regions as fixed effects, and the variation of individuals nested within households, households within EA, and EA within regions, random effects. We obtained LMM standard errors, Best Linear Unbiased Estimates (BLUEs) of regional means, and empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictions for sampled/unsampled EA and HH. The probability that each true regional mean exceeded the sufficiency threshold <math> <mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo> <mrow><mn>65</mn> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mrow><mi>dL</mi></mrow> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </mrow> </math> was evaluated. The variances of BLUEs of regional means, under alternative sampling designs, were bootstrapped from LMM variance components.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrate use of LMM to obtain model-unbiased estimates and predictions when surveys deviate from the original design; and the use of LMM variance components to evaluate alternative designs for further sampling, or for sampling comparable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":45958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the relationship between mental workload and work fatigue among oil and gas workers in PT X, Jambi Province, Indonesia: PLS-SEM analysis.","authors":"David Kusmawan, M Dody Izhar, Budi Aswin","doi":"10.1177/22799036241287660","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22799036241287660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational fatigue among oil and gas workers can have perilous consequences related to safety, health, economy, and wellbeing. This makes it necessary to discover major factors related to fatigue and implement appropriate prevention programs and education. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental workload, sleep quality, and occupational fatigue in oil and gas office workers in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Mental workload, sleep quality, and occupational fatigue were measured using the NASA-TLX, PSQI, and the Indonesian Questionnaire Measuring Feelings of Work Fatigue (KAUPK2), respectively. A PLS-SEM approach was used to determine the association between mental workload, sleep quality, and occupational fatigue. Out of the 116 oil and gas workers in Jambi Province who participated in this study, 58.6% were male, 54.3% had Senior High School or less, 85.3% were not smoking, and 88.8% were married, working experience from 0.17 to 34 years. The mean of body height, weight, and mass index were 165.35 cm, 64.65 kg, and 23.64 respectively. The PLS-SEM model illustrated that the direct effect of mental workload on occupational fatigue was not significant. Meanwhile, the mental workload had a significant effect on sleep quality, which significantly affected fatigue. This indicated that the effect of workload on fatigue was fully mediated by sleep quality. The impact of good sleep on an employee's ability to recover from increased mental workload was substantial. According to this study, introducing mental workload coping methods, routine measurement, and sleep hygiene programs among oil and gas workers can reduce occupational fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":45958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacist knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding pharmacy code of practice and ethics in Iraq.","authors":"Khansaa A Ibrahim Albaroodi","doi":"10.1177/22799036241290271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036241290271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Iraqi pharmacy code of practice and ethics enables pharmacists to resolve conflicts between the code and patient demands and satisfy their needs. This study evaluates pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the pharmacy code of practice and ethics.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in three different provenances (Baghdad, Al-Diwaniya, and Wasit) from October 1st to December 31st, 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 202 Iraqi pharmacists, the mean age was (30.4 ± 6.8) years old, and about (59%) of the participants were aware of the Iraqi Code of Practice and Ethics; similar results were found regarding their practice. About two-thirds of the participants agreed that modifying the Iraqi Pharmacy Code of Practice and Ethics will enable pharmacists to resolve the conflict between the code and patient demands, satisfy their needs, and raise healthcare standards. More than two-thirds of the participants thought that they don't need training courses to give vaccines for addiction, smoking cessation, obesity, or sleeping problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the study, more than half of the Iraqi pharmacists exhibited good knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the pharmacy code of practice and ethics. However, it is recommended that Iraqi pharmacists engage in comprehensive training programs covering different aspects of healthcare, such as vaccination and smoking cessation, to further improve their contribution to the healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":45958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease and psychiatric disorders: An-up-to date review.","authors":"Antonio Luca Maria Parlati, Ermanno Nardi, Christian Basile, Stefania Paolillo, Federica Marzano, Alfonsina Chirico, Davide Buonocore, Angela Colella, Sara Fontanarosa, Luca Gallo, Maria Francesca Fierro, Francesca Carbone, Paola Gargiulo, Maria Prastaro, Santo Delle Grottaglie, Ciro Santoro, Anna Marchesi, Maria Francesca Marchetti, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Roberta Montisci","doi":"10.1177/22799036241278817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036241278817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mental health disorders (MHD) are respectively the first and second most prevalent diseases in high-income countries and the two most relevant causes of disability worldwide. The close association between the two conditions has been known for a long time and research has been able to document how the co-morbidity between cardiovascular disorders and mental health disorders is a negative prognostic factor for both conditions. This strong connection and the relevance of the impact of the association have led to define a new branch of cardiology, known as behavioral cardiology. The aim of the new branch is just to study the nexus CVD-MHD in order to prevent or decrease the burden of MHD on CVD and vice versa. This review describes the epidemiological evidence of the relationship between MHD on CVD at the state of the art among clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":45958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informal caregivers compared with users and health workers on well-being and respect for human rights in mental health care services.","authors":"Michela Atzeni, Diego Primavera, Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzales, Maura Galletta, Sonia Marchegiani, Giuseppe La Torre, Federica Sancassiani, Marcello Nonnis, Antonio Urban, Elisa Cantone, Ferdinando Romano, Antonio E Nardi, Mauro G Carta","doi":"10.1177/22799036241274960","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22799036241274960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to measure differences among informal caregivers, users, and mental healthcare workers (MHW) regarding job/organizational satisfaction and perceptions of respect for rights in the mental health services of one region of Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 100 caregivers, 240 MHW, and 200 users completed the \"Well-Being at Work and Respect for Human Rights Questionnaire\" (WWRR) in community mental health centers in Sardinia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caregivers reported higher satisfaction toward MHW on perceiving respect for human rights among users (5.2 ± 1.0 vs 5.1 ± 1.1, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and health professionals (5.3 ± 0.8 vs 4.5 ± 1.3, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and organization well-being (5.1 ± 1.2 vs 3.9 ± 1.3, <i>p</i> < 0.0001); toward users about respect of rights of MHW (5.3 ± 0.8 vs 4.9 ± 1.2, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and both toward users and MHW on dissatisfaction on resources (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Caregivers strongly highlighted insufficient resources for services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite caregiver satisfaction, resource deficiencies signal a critical juncture in Italian mental health care. Continued cuts in healthcare spending, especially in mental health, raise concerns for future outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between hypercholesterolemia and isolated and simultaneous consumption of ultra-processed foods in older adults.","authors":"Guilherme José Silva Ribeiro, Emilio Hideyuki Moriguchi, André de Araújo Pinto","doi":"10.1177/22799036241277726","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22799036241277726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases and mortality, with potential physiological mechanisms including elevated serum cholesterol levels.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze the association between hypercholesterolemia and the isolated and simultaneous consumption of UPFs in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with 1322 Brazilian older adults (mean age of 70.4 years; 55.0% females) from the state of Roraima. The data was obtained from the Department of Epidemiological Surveillance of the State of Roraima. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed based on nosology criteria. Food consumption patterns were assessed using a nationally standardized instrument comprising four categories of UPFs. Binary logistic regression models were employed to explore potential associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was high (54.4%, 95% CI 51.7-56.6). While the simultaneous consumption of all UPFs types was lower (15.2%), over half of the older adults reported consuming at least one type of UPFs (71.8%). Isolated consumption of UPFs was associated with approximately twice the odds of hypercholesterolemia. Older adults who consumed two (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.26-2.43), three (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.58-3.29), or all four types of UPF (OR 6.65, 95% CI 4.35-9.44) had a higher likelihood of having hypercholesterolemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Isolated consumption of UPFs is a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia, which can increase up to sixfold when older adults consume multiple UPFs simultaneously. Prioritizing nutritional education and raising awareness regarding the reduction of UPFs consumption is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":45958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}