Journal of Transplantation最新文献

{"title":"Temporal Changes on the Risks and Complications of Posttransplantion Diabetes Mellitus Following Cardiac Transplantation.","authors":"Nadia Iannino,&nbsp;Amine Nasri,&nbsp;Agnès Räkel,&nbsp;Anique Ducharme,&nbsp;Kim Lachance,&nbsp;Normand Racine,&nbsp;Simon de Denus,&nbsp;Maxime Tremblay-Gravel,&nbsp;Annik Fortier,&nbsp;Michel White","doi":"10.1155/2018/9205083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9205083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent changes in the demographic of cardiac donors and recipients have modulated the rate and risk, associated with posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). We investigated the secular trends of the risk of PTDM at 1 year and 3 years after transplantation over 30 years and explored its effect on major outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three hundred and three nondiabetic patients were followed for a minimum of 36 months, after a first cardiac transplantation performed between 1983 and 2011. Based on the year of their transplantation, the patients were divided into 3 eras: (1983-1992 [era 1], 1993-2002 [era 2], and 2003-2011 [era 3]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In eras 1, 2, and 3, the proportions of patients with PTDM at 1 versus 3 years were 23% versus 39%, 21% versus 26%, and 33% versus 38%, respectively. Independent risk factors predicting PTDM at one year were recipient's age, duration of cold ischemic time, treatment with furosemide, and tacrolimus. There was a trend for overall survival being worse for patients with PTDM in comparison to patients without PTDM (<i>p</i> = 0.08). Patients with PTDM exhibited a significantly higher rate of renal failure over a median follow-up of 10 years (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The development of PTDM following cardiac transplantation approaches 40% at 3 years and has not significantly changed over thirty years. The presence of PTDM is weakly associated with an increased mortality and is significantly associated with a worsening in renal function long-term following cardiac transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transplantation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9205083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9205083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36765963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiapoptotic Molecule Survivin in Transplantation: Helpful or Harmful?","authors":"Sara Assadiasl,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Mousavi,&nbsp;Aliakbar Amirzargar","doi":"10.1155/2018/6492034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6492034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Survivin, an antiapoptotic molecule from inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, is most known for its implication in cancer as there are some efforts to apply it for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes in oncology. On the other hand, it could be a useful molecule to be positively targeted when trying to save tissue and promote cells viability. Since protecting the allograft from ischemia reperfusion injury and inflammation-induced damage is a considerable objective in transplantation, it is reasonable to take advantage from antiapoptotic agents like survivin in order to achieve this goal. However, survivin's potential ability to induce malignancies makes some concerns about its use in clinic. The other barrier is this molecule's involvement in lymphocytes development and proliferation which might increase the risk of graft rejection due to adaptive immune system overactivation. In this review we summarize the few studies carried out about survivin's effect on graft survival and probable advantages and disadvantages of its overexpression in transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transplantation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"6492034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/6492034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36621144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Use of Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir in Transplanted Patients: How Does It Relate to the Outcome?","authors":"Maryam Mozaffar,&nbsp;Shahrzad Shahidi,&nbsp;Marjan Mansourian,&nbsp;Shirinsadat Badri","doi":"10.1155/2018/8414385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8414385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Organ transplant recipients receive immunosuppressive regimens to prevent transplant rejection, which put them at increased risk for opportunistic infections like cytomegalovirus (CMV). Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are mostly used to prevent or treat CMV. Any incorrect use of the drug may have serious consequences for patients. In this study, the outcome of transplant recipients was assessed in relation to the optimal or suboptimal use of Ganciclovir or Valganciclovir.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed on 148 hospitalized patients who received Ganciclovir or Valganciclovir in the nephrology and kidney transplantation departments of our university hospitals, from March 2012 to December 2016. Patients' demographic and clinical data including dose and duration of treatment were collected and then analyzed in comparison with the standard CMV treatment protocols.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>About 94.6% of patients received Ganciclovir or Valganciclovir therapy consistent with the standard defined indications. The mean ratio of prescribed daily dose to the optimal dose was 2.9 in the first dose, 2.0 in the second dose, 1.3 in the third dose, and 1.5 in the fourth dose. From 148 included patients, 26.5% experienced CMV infection once, 7.2% experienced CMV infection twice, and 1.2% had CMV infection for 3 times, within six-month follow-up after first episode of antiviral therapy during hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, empiric anti-CMV therapy was initially given. The doses used were generally higher than recommended but we could not find more adverse events in the patients receiving high initial doses. In any case, it seems necessary to advocate use of standard treatment guidelines to avoid adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transplantation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8414385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8414385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36626542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of Intraoperative Near Infrared Fluorescence (NIR) Imaging with Indocyanine Green (ICG) for the Assessment of Kidney Allograft Perfusion.","authors":"Edwin Jonathan Aslim,&nbsp;Fang Jann Lee,&nbsp;Valerie Huei Li Gan","doi":"10.1155/2018/6703056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6703056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Near infrared light (NIR) fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) has been used in various aspects of surgery, such as in the assessment of vascular anastomosis, tissue perfusion, and the identification of lymph nodes. In this study we evaluated the utility of NIR/ICG fluorescence imaging in kidney transplantation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>NIR/ICG imaging was used to assess allograft perfusion in n=1 living donor (LDRT) and n=2 deceased donor (DDRT) renal transplantations, performed in February 2017. The allograft arterial and venous anastomoses were done end-to-side to the corresponding recipient external iliacs, and ureteroneocystostomies were performed for urinary reconstructions. After completion of vascular anastomosis, ICG was given as intravenous bolus at 0.3mg/kg, followed by visual assessment of tissue perfusion and vascular anastomoses at 1-minute interval using fluorescence imaging (KARL STORZ NIR/ICG System).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Homogenous global fluorescence of the allograft and vascular anastomosis was observed in all 3 cases. Immediate postoperative perfusion studies showed patent inflow and outflow vessels and well perfused transplanted kidneys. Immediate graft function was observed in 2 recipients (1 LDRT and 1 DDRT). One session of haemodialysis was performed in 1 DDRT recipient, for high serum potassium in the immediate postoperative setting, who otherwise had good urine output and serially declining serum creatinine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NIR/ICG fluorescence imaging can be useful in renal transplantation for the intraoperative assessment of allograft perfusion, especially in complex cases with multiple renal arteries and vascular reconstructions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transplantation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"6703056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/6703056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36483385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit in Resource Limited Setting: A Critical Analysis of Indian Council of Medical Research 2017 Guidelines.","authors":"Kunal Das,&nbsp;Tanvi Khanna,&nbsp;Nitika Agrawal","doi":"10.1155/2018/1292307","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/1292307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The scope and application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are increasing. With advancement in science and close cooperation of health centers, HSCT units are coming up in new developing and underdeveloped countries. India hosts many HSCT units and often provides financially viable option for HSCT to foreign patients as well. Recently Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) issued a guideline about HSCT unit in India. This review article discusses establishment of new HSCT unit in resource limited setting. Subsequent implication of ICMR guideline has been done.</p>","PeriodicalId":45795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transplantation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1292307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1292307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36455958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug-Induced Hematological Cytopenia in Kidney Transplantation and the Challenges It Poses for Kidney Transplant Physicians.","authors":"Muhammad Abdul Mabood Khalil, Muhammad Ashhad Ullah Khalil, Taqi F Taufeeq Khan, Jackson Tan","doi":"10.1155/2018/9429265","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/9429265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-induced hematological cytopenia is common in kidney transplantation. Various cytopenia including leucopenia (neutropenia), thrombocytopenia, and anemia can occur in kidney transplant recipients. Persistent severe leucopenia or neutropenia can lead to opportunistic infections of various etiologies. On the contrary, reducing or stopping immunosuppressive medications in these events can provoke a rejection. Transplant clinicians are often faced with the delicate dilemma of balancing cytopenia and rejection from adjustments of immunosuppressive regimen. Differentials of drug-induced cytopenia are wide. Identification of culprit medication and subsequent modification is also challenging. In this review, we will discuss individual drug implicated in causing cytopenia and correlate it with corresponding literature evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":45795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transplantation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9429265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6093016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36439008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin (Thymoglobuline®) Have a Role in Avoiding Delayed Graft Function in the Modern Era of Kidney Transplantation?","authors":"Lluís Guirado","doi":"10.1155/2018/4524837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4524837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delayed graft function (DGF) increases the risk of graft loss by up to 40%, and recent developments in kidney donation have increased the risk of its occurrence. Lowering the risk of DGF, however, is challenging due to a complicated etiology in which ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) leads to acute tubular necrosis. Among various strategies explored, the choice of induction therapy is one consideration. Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG [Thymoglobuline]) has complex immunomodulatory effects that are relevant to DGF. In addition to a rapid and profound T-cell depletion, rATG inhibits leukocyte migration and adhesion. Experimental studies of rATG have demonstrated attenuated IRI-related tissue damage in reperfused tissues, consistent with histological evidence from transplant recipients. Starting rATG intraoperatively instead of postoperatively can improve kidney graft function and reduce the incidence of DGF. rATG is effective in preventing acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients at high immunological risk, supporting delayed calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) introduction which protects the graft from early insults. A reduced rate of DGF has been reported with rATG (started intraoperatively) and delayed CNI therapy compared to IL-2RA induction with immediate CNI in patients at high immunological risk, but not in lower-risk patients. Overall, induction with rATG induction is the preferred choice for supporting delayed introduction of CNI therapy to avoid DGF in high-risk patients but shows no benefit versus IL-2RA in lower-risk individuals. Evidence is growing that intraoperative rATG ameliorates IRI, and it seems reasonable to routinely start rATG before reperfusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":45795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transplantation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4524837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/4524837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36402419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ramadan Fasting in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study.","authors":"Ihab A Ibrahim,&nbsp;Ehab A Hassan,&nbsp;Abdelrahman M Alkhan,&nbsp;Mohamed A Hussein,&nbsp;Ahmed F Alhabashi,&nbsp;Tariq Z Ali,&nbsp;Yasir Z Shah,&nbsp;Ibrahim S Alahmadi,&nbsp;Mohamed S Abdelsalam,&nbsp;Mohamed E Rashwan,&nbsp;Ammar Abdulbaki,&nbsp;Dieter C Broering,&nbsp;Hassan A Aleid","doi":"10.1155/2018/4890978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4890978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fasting during the lunar month of Ramadan is mandatory to all healthy adult Muslims. Renal transplant recipients are often worried about the impact of fluid and electrolyte deprivation during fasting on the function of their allograft. We aimed to examine the effect of fasting Ramadan on the graft function in renal transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent kidney transplantation in our tertiary referral center. Baseline pre-Ramadan estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and urinary protein excretion were compared to those during and after Ramadan within and between the fasting and non-fasting groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population included 280 kidney transplant recipients who chose to fast during the Ramadan month (June-July 2014) and 285 recipients who did not fast. In the fasting group, baseline eGFR did not change from that during or post-Ramadan (72.6 ± 23.7 versus 72.3 ± 24.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, <i>P</i> = 0.53; and 72.6 ± 23.7 versus 72 ± 23.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, <i>P</i> = 0.14, respectively). Compared to baseline, there were no significant differences between the fasting and the non-fasting groups in terms of mean percent changes in eGFR, MAP, and urinary protein excretion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fasting during the month of Ramadan did not have significant adverse effects on renal allograft function.</p>","PeriodicalId":45795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transplantation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4890978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/4890978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36284868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Transplants from Older Deceased Donors: Use of Preimplantation Biopsy and Differential Allocation to Dual or Single Kidney Transplant according to Histological Score Has No Advantages over Allocation to Single Kidney Transplant by Simple Clinical Indication.","authors":"Costanza Casati, Valeriana Giuseppina Colombo, Marialuisa Perrino, Ornella Marina Rossetti, Marialuisa Querques, Alessandro Giacomoni, Agnese Binaggia, Giacomo Colussi","doi":"10.1155/2018/4141756","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/4141756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Grafts from elderly donors (ECD) are increasingly allocated to single (SKT) or dual (DKT) kidney transplantation according to biopsy score. Indications and benefits of either procedure lack universal agreement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 302 ECD-transplants in period from Jan 1, 2000, to Dec 31, 2015, were allocated to SKT (SKT_pre) on clinical grounds alone (before Dec 2010, pre-DKT era, <i>n</i> = 170) or according to a clinical-histological protocol (after Dec 2010, DKT era, <i>n</i> = 132) to DKT (<i>n</i> = 48), SKT biopsy-based protocol (\"high-risk\", SKT_hr, <i>n</i> = 51), or SKT clinically based protocol (\"low-risk\", SKT_lr, <i>n</i> = 33). Graft and patient survival were compared between the two periods and between different transplant categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Graft and overall survival in recipients from ECD in pre-DKT and DKT era did not differ (5-year graft survival 87.7% and 84.2%, resp.); equal survival in the 2 ECD periods was shown in both donor age ranges of 60-69 and >70-years, and in low-risk or high-risk ECD categories. Within the DKT protocol SKT_hr showed worst graft and overall survival in the 60-69 donor age range; DKT did not result in significantly better outcome than SKT from ECD in either era. One-year posttransplant creatinine clearance in recipients did not differ between any ECD transplant category. At 3 and 5 years after transplantation there were significantly higher total dialysis-free recipient life years from an equal donor number in the pre-DKT era than in the DKT protocol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Use of a biopsy-based protocol to allocate grafts from aged donors to SKT or DKT did not result in better short term graft survival than a clinically based protocol with allocation only to SKT and reduced overall recipient dialysis-free life years in time.</p>","PeriodicalId":45795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transplantation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4141756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5976897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36189923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Analysis of Late Conversion to Belatacept in Kidney Transplant Recipients for Biopsy-Proven Chronic Tacrolimus Toxicity.","authors":"Shruti Gupta, Ivy Rosales, David Wojciechowski","doi":"10.1155/2018/1968029","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/1968029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calcineurin inhibitors are associated with chronic nephrotoxicity, manifesting as interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) and arteriolar hyalinosis. Conversion from tacrolimus to belatacept may be one strategy to preserve renal function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of renal transplant patients followed at our institution who were converted to belatacept and found to have chronic tacrolimus toxicity on biopsy. The primary outcome was eGFR at conversion as compared to eGFR at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after conversion. We also assessed incidence of infection and rates of allograft survival at 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average time between transplant and conversion was 11.9 years. There was no decrease in eGFR at any postconversion time point as compared with preconversion. The mean eGFR at time of preconversion was 32.9 mL/min, as compared with 35.6 mL/min at 3 months (<i>p</i> = 0.09), 34.1 mL/min at 6 months (<i>p</i> = 0.63), 34.9 mL/min at 12 months (<i>p</i> = 0.57), and 39.6 mL/min at 24 months after conversion (<i>p</i> = 0.92). Four of 7 patients had increases in their eGFR after conversion. All grafts were functioning at 1 year after conversion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While this study was limited by a small number of patients, belatacept conversion stabilized eGFR at all time points in patients with late allograft function due to chronic tacrolimus toxicity, with a trend towards increased eGFR at 3 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":45795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transplantation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1968029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1968029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36182731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}