Collabra-Psychology最新文献

Motivating Transparent Communications about Bias in Healthcare Technology Development. 激励医疗技术发展中关于偏见的透明沟通。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.136456

Anna Tovmasyan, Alice Liefgreen, Sandra Wachter, Brent Mittelstadt, Netta Weinstein

{"title":"Motivating Transparent Communications about Bias in Healthcare Technology Development.","authors":"Anna Tovmasyan, Alice Liefgreen, Sandra Wachter, Brent Mittelstadt, Netta Weinstein","doi":"10.1525/collabra.136456","DOIUrl":"10.1525/collabra.136456","url":null,"abstract":"As healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) systems advance, their capacity for bias (e.g., as a function of patient protected characteristics) increases as well and these limitations are often left undisclosed by developers. Here, the question arises - do supportive motivational messaging designed to increase buy-in inspire healthcare AI developers to transparently communicate about bias in their technology? Computer science students (Study 1: N=271; Study 2: N=209) were randomly assigned to receive a brief communication framed in either an autonomy-supportive (choice promoting) or controlling (judging and pressuring) way, emphasizing either personal benefits (gaining profit) of transparency or legal implications of non-transparency. Results showed that while communication type was not associated with behavioral intention to engage in an educational course on transparent communication about bias, both internal (self-directed) and external motivations were associated with greater intention to take a course to build transparency-congruent technology skills, as well as greater ethical voice - intention to speak up in the service of positive transparency-consistent cultural change, and lower antagonism - i.e., a lower critical perspective regarding the need for transparency. Findings suggest that universities and workplaces should provide students and developers with a broadly supportive motivational climate, rather than providing a singular brief training.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7618381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Limits of Agency: Young Children's Memory May Not Benefit From Choice. 代理的限制：幼儿的记忆可能不会受益于选择。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.137316

Naoya Tani, Ingrid R Olson, Nora S Newcombe

{"title":"The Limits of Agency: Young Children's Memory May Not Benefit From Choice.","authors":"Naoya Tani, Ingrid R Olson, Nora S Newcombe","doi":"10.1525/collabra.137316","DOIUrl":"10.1525/collabra.137316","url":null,"abstract":"It is commonly claimed that curiosity, agency, and choice enhance learning and memory in children. However, the few studies that have investigated this in young children reveal mixed effects on memory. To test this, in Experiment 1, children aged 4-7 years watched short cartoon clips and then viewed one of two endings: either in an \"active\" condition, where they made choices about which ending to view, or a \"yoked\" condition, where choices were made for them. A surprise memory test conducted 6-8 days later showed no significant difference between conditions in either recognition or binding tasks. In Experiment 2, a within-subject design was employed to control for individual differences. Again, no significant differences were found between conditions. Bayes factor analyses provided evidence supporting the null hypothesis in this child-friendly, cartoon-based paradigm. While our findings suggest that, under these specific task conditions, the agency does not enhance memory in 4- to 7-year-olds, further research is needed to clarify whether different task structures, feedback, or age groups might reveal more robust effects. Potential boundary conditions and developmental implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Children's Use of Race in Their Social Judgments: A Multi-Site, Multi-Racial Group Comparison. 儿童在社会判断中使用种族：一个多地点、多种族群体的比较。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.132489

Mercedes A Muñoz, Elizabeth A Enright, Sarah E Gaither, May Ling D Halim, Kristin Pauker, Kristina R Olson, Yarrow Dunham

{"title":"Children's Use of Race in Their Social Judgments: A Multi-Site, Multi-Racial Group Comparison.","authors":"Mercedes A Muñoz, Elizabeth A Enright, Sarah E Gaither, May Ling D Halim, Kristin Pauker, Kristina R Olson, Yarrow Dunham","doi":"10.1525/collabra.132489","DOIUrl":"10.1525/collabra.132489","url":null,"abstract":"Studies assessing children's use of race in social judgment have often focused on White participants and usually include targets of only one or two racial backgrounds. They have also employed a wide range of methods, making comparisons across studies difficult. In this paper, we recruited a large sample of children ages 4- to 6-years-old (N = 666) belonging to the United States' four largest racial/ethnic groups (Black, Latine, Asian, and White) in five geographic regions (Durham, NC; Honolulu, HI; Long Beach, CA; New Haven, CT; Seattle, WA) to broadly examine children's race-based social judgments (including measures of racial attitudes, interpersonal distance, resource allocation, and status perception). Overall, children demonstrated consistent ingroup biases in the attitudes, resource allocation, and interpersonal distance measures, but did not systematically associate their ingroup with higher status. When analyzed separately by participant race, White children tended to show these effects at above chance rates, sometimes significantly more than children in other racial groups. Results for Black, Latine, and Asian children were more variable across measures.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145775932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing Human Habits in the Lab. 在实验室中确定人类习惯的特征

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.92949

Stephan Nebe, André Kretzschmar, Maike C Brandt, Philippe N Tobler

{"title":"Characterizing Human Habits in the Lab.","authors":"Stephan Nebe, André Kretzschmar, Maike C Brandt, Philippe N Tobler","doi":"10.1525/collabra.92949","DOIUrl":"10.1525/collabra.92949","url":null,"abstract":"Habits pose a fundamental puzzle for those aiming to understand human behavior. They pervade our everyday lives and dominate some forms of psychopathology but are extremely hard to elicit in the lab. In this Registered Report, we developed novel experimental paradigms grounded in computational models, which suggest that habit strength should be proportional to the frequency of behavior and, in contrast to previous research, independent of value. Specifically, we manipulated how often participants performed responses in two tasks varying action repetition without, or separately from, variations in value. Moreover, we asked how this frequency-based habitization related to value-based operationalizations of habit and self-reported propensities for habitual behavior in real life. We find that choice frequency during training increases habit strength at test and that this form of habit shows little relation to value-based operationalizations of habit. Our findings empirically ground a novel perspective on the constituents of habits and suggest that habits may arise in the absence of external reinforcement. We further find no evidence for an overlap between different experimental approaches to measuring habits and no associations with self-reported real-life habits. Thus, our findings call for a rigorous reassessment of our understanding and measurement of human habitual behavior in the lab.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"10 1","pages":"92949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7615722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the Differential Centrality of Experiential and Material Purchases to the Self: Replication and Extension of Carter and Gilovich (2012) 重新审视体验购买和物质购买对自我的差异中心性:卡特和吉洛维奇(2012)的复制与延伸

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.57785

Eva Chen, Michelle Xingyu Chee, G. Feldman

{"title":"Revisiting the Differential Centrality of Experiential and Material Purchases to the Self: Replication and Extension of Carter and Gilovich (2012)","authors":"Eva Chen, Michelle Xingyu Chee, G. Feldman","doi":"10.1525/collabra.57785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.57785","url":null,"abstract":"Carter and Gilovich (2012) investigated the centrality of experiential and material purchases to the self and concluded people have stronger associations with their experiential than their material purchases. In a pre-registered experiment with a US American Amazon Mechanical Turk sample, (N=743), we successfully replicated their Studies 3A, 3B, 3C, and 5. Experiential purchases were perceived as more reflective of true-self than material purchases for both self (d=0.65[0.57,0.73]) and for strangers (d=0.88[0.80,0.96]), and that when meeting a new person, information about experiential purchases was considered to be more insightful (d=1.13[1.04,1.22]), useful (d=1.14[1.05,1.23]), and fun to talk about (d=1.96[1.83,2.08]) than material purchases. Self-concept was more strongly associated with experiential purchases than with material purchases (d=0.39[0.25,0.54]), and that there was a negative association between experiential purchase satisfaction and the willingness to exchange memory (r=-.34[-.43,-.24]) (all effects above were p<.001). We added an extension examining change in evaluations of material and experiential purchases over time and found that current evaluations were more negative than past evaluations, yet to a lesser extent for experiential compared to material purchases. Materials, data, and code are available on: https://osf.io/v2w5h/","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66879096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How to Cancel Plans With Friends: A Mixed Methods Study of Strategy and Experience 如何取消与朋友的约会:策略与经验的混合方法研究

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.57549

Sophia Caron, Jacqueline Thomas, Alaina Torres, Jeewon Oh, W. Chopik

{"title":"How to Cancel Plans With Friends: A Mixed Methods Study of Strategy and Experience","authors":"Sophia Caron, Jacqueline Thomas, Alaina Torres, Jeewon Oh, W. Chopik","doi":"10.1525/collabra.57549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.57549","url":null,"abstract":"Being cancelled on is inevitable. However, maintaining friendships is important and cancelled plans may evoke feelings of disappointment. To prevent this, we examined ways to go about cancelling plans that would not negatively impact friendships. Our study examined what people consider appropriate and inappropriate reasons and the best methods to cancel plans. A variety of close-ended and open-ended questions regarding what participants believed was a reasonable excuse for cancelling and the worst excuse for cancelling was asked. Participants were also asked about how cancelled plans made them feel. Among 1,192 people (72.5% women; 71.8% White), the majority of the participants wanted advanced notice and/or a quick call/text when plans are being cancelled. Health or family reasons were among the most reasonable excuses. Conversely, excuses regarding a better offer, such as finding something better to do, were among the most unacceptable reasons to cancel plans. Over 80% of the sample reported feeling annoyed when they found out that an excuse to cancel was a lie. Honoring commitments is essential to maintaining friendships, which is associated with better health and well-being. When breaking commitments, the best way to go about it is to cancel in advance and have honest and reasonable excuses which serve to maintain friendships that are a fundamental part of life and satisfy the need to belong.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66879440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Meat Ambivalence Questionnaire: Assessing Domain-Specific Meat-Related Conflict in Omnivores and Veg*ans 肉类矛盾心理问卷:评估杂食动物和素食者特定领域的肉类相关冲突

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.73236

Benjamin Buttlar, S. Pauer, Matthew B. Ruby, Monique Chambon, Ann-Kathrin Jimenez-Klingberg, Jasmin Scherf, Vsevolod Scherrer

{"title":"The Meat Ambivalence Questionnaire: Assessing Domain-Specific Meat-Related Conflict in Omnivores and Veg*ans","authors":"Benjamin Buttlar, S. Pauer, Matthew B. Ruby, Monique Chambon, Ann-Kathrin Jimenez-Klingberg, Jasmin Scherf, Vsevolod Scherrer","doi":"10.1525/collabra.73236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.73236","url":null,"abstract":"People are increasingly concerned about how meat affects the environment, human health, and animal welfare, yet eating and enjoying meat remains a norm. Unsurprisingly, many people are ambivalent about meat—evaluating it as both positive and negative. Here, we propose that meat-related conflict is multidimensional and depends on people’s dietary group: Omnivores’ felt ambivalence relates to multiple negative associations that oppose a predominantly positive attitude towards meat, and veg*ans’ ambivalence relates to various positive associations that oppose a predominantly negative attitude. A qualitative study (N = 235; German) revealed that omnivores and veg*ans experience meat-related ambivalence due to associations with animals, sociability, sustainability, health, and sensory experiences. To quantify felt ambivalence in these domains, we developed the Meat Ambivalence Questionnaire (MAQ). We validated the MAQ in four pre-registered studies using self-report and behavioral data (N = 3,485; German, UK, representative US). Both omnivores and veg*ans reported meat-related ambivalence, but with differences across domains and their consequences for meat consumption. Specifically, ambivalence was associated with less meat consumption in omnivores (especially sensory-/animal-based ambivalence) and more meat consumption in veg*ans (especially sensory-/socially-based ambivalence). Network analyses shed further light on the nomological net of the MAQ while controlling for a comprehensive set of determinants of meat consumption. By introducing the MAQ, we hope to provide researchers with a tool to better understand how ambivalence accompanies behavior change and maintenance.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66880487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Angry, Sad, or Scared? Within-valence Mapping of Emotion Words to Facial and Body Cues in 2 to 4-Year-Old Children 生气、悲伤还是害怕?2 ~ 4岁儿童情绪词对面部和身体线索的效价内映射

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.74333

Yang Wu, Hannah M. Matteson, Claire M. Baker, Michael C. Frank

{"title":"Angry, Sad, or Scared? Within-valence Mapping of Emotion Words to Facial and Body Cues in 2 to 4-Year-Old Children","authors":"Yang Wu, Hannah M. Matteson, Claire M. Baker, Michael C. Frank","doi":"10.1525/collabra.74333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.74333","url":null,"abstract":"The acquisition of emotion words is critical to children’s socio-emotional development. Previous studies report that children acquire emotion words gradually during ages 3–5 and beyond. The majority of this work, however, has used demanding tasks for young children (e.g., asking children to label emotion-related facial configurations) and has predominantly relied on facial configurations. Here we designed a child-friendly, word-comprehension task incorporating both facial configurations and body language. In two preregistered online experiments, we asked two to four-year-olds (N = 96) to connect emotion words—happy, sad, angry, and scared—to either facial configurations (Experiment 1) or combined facial and body cues (Experiment 2). We found relatively early competence in understanding emotion words, especially those of the same-valence. All age groups, including 2-year-olds, successfully linked emotion words to corresponding facial configurations (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 replicated this pattern and further showed that children performed equally well (though not substantially better) when given additional body cues. Parental reports of children’s exposure to and use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic did not correlate with children’s performance in either experiment. Even before children can produce emotion words in an adult-like manner, they possess at least a partial understanding of those words and can map them to emotion cues within valence domains.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66880625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Psychology Faculty Overestimate the Magnitude of Cohen’s d Effect Sizes by Half a Standard Deviation 心理学教授高估了科恩效应大小的一半标准差

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.74020

Brendan A. Schuetze, Veronica X. Yan

引用次数: 0

Development of a Concept Inventory on Open and Transparent Research Practices 开放和透明研究实践概念清单的开发

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.75226

D. Markant, Alexia Galati

{"title":"Development of a Concept Inventory on Open and Transparent Research Practices","authors":"D. Markant, Alexia Galati","doi":"10.1525/collabra.75226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.75226","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade psychology researchers have begun adopting practices that promote openness and transparency. While these practices are increasingly reflected in undergraduate psychology curricula, pedagogical research has not systematically examined whether instruction on open science practices improves students’ conceptual understanding of research methods. We developed the Open Science Concept Inventory (OSCI) to evaluate the impact of integrating open science practices into research methods courses. First, we created a set of hypothetical dilemmas related to a range of open science concepts and elicited open-ended responses from undergraduates (N = 64, Study 1). Based on the responses, we created a 40-item multiple-choice questionnaire, which we administered to a new group of participants (N = 262, Study 2) and used item response theory to select 33 items for the final OSCI. Finally, in two implementation rounds across two semesters (Study 3, total N = 37), we evaluated students’ learning gains with the OSCI in a pre-test/post-test design. The implementation rounds involved new materials on open science for a psychology research methods course, including video lectures that situated questionable research practices in the current norms of science and introduced emerging solutions. After excluding extremely fast survey responders, an exploratory analysis showed learning gains among students who expended appropriate effort when completing the OSCI. By systematically evaluating a tool that is easily integrated into existing curricula, we aim to facilitate the adoption of open science practices in undergraduate instruction and the assessment of students’ conceptual foundations for conducting robust and transparent research.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66881195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0