Collabra-Psychology最新文献

Characterizing Human Habits in the Lab. 在实验室中确定人类习惯的特征

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.92949

Stephan Nebe, André Kretzschmar, Maike C Brandt, Philippe N Tobler

{"title":"Characterizing Human Habits in the Lab.","authors":"Stephan Nebe, André Kretzschmar, Maike C Brandt, Philippe N Tobler","doi":"10.1525/collabra.92949","DOIUrl":"10.1525/collabra.92949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Habits pose a fundamental puzzle for those aiming to understand human behavior. They pervade our everyday lives and dominate some forms of psychopathology but are extremely hard to elicit in the lab. In this Registered Report, we developed novel experimental paradigms grounded in computational models, which suggest that habit strength should be proportional to the frequency of behavior and, in contrast to previous research, independent of value. Specifically, we manipulated how often participants performed responses in two tasks varying action repetition without, or separately from, variations in value. Moreover, we asked how this frequency-based habitization related to value-based operationalizations of habit and self-reported propensities for habitual behavior in real life. We find that choice frequency during training increases habit strength at test and that this form of habit shows little relation to value-based operationalizations of habit. Our findings empirically ground a novel perspective on the constituents of habits and suggest that habits may arise in the absence of external reinforcement. We further find no evidence for an overlap between different experimental approaches to measuring habits and no associations with self-reported real-life habits. Thus, our findings call for a rigorous reassessment of our understanding and measurement of human habitual behavior in the lab.</p>","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7615722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the Differential Centrality of Experiential and Material Purchases to the Self: Replication and Extension of Carter and Gilovich (2012) 重新审视体验购买和物质购买对自我的差异中心性:卡特和吉洛维奇(2012)的复制与延伸

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.57785

Eva Chen, Michelle Xingyu Chee, G. Feldman

{"title":"Revisiting the Differential Centrality of Experiential and Material Purchases to the Self: Replication and Extension of Carter and Gilovich (2012)","authors":"Eva Chen, Michelle Xingyu Chee, G. Feldman","doi":"10.1525/collabra.57785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.57785","url":null,"abstract":"Carter and Gilovich (2012) investigated the centrality of experiential and material purchases to the self and concluded people have stronger associations with their experiential than their material purchases. In a pre-registered experiment with a US American Amazon Mechanical Turk sample, (N=743), we successfully replicated their Studies 3A, 3B, 3C, and 5. Experiential purchases were perceived as more reflective of true-self than material purchases for both self (d=0.65[0.57,0.73]) and for strangers (d=0.88[0.80,0.96]), and that when meeting a new person, information about experiential purchases was considered to be more insightful (d=1.13[1.04,1.22]), useful (d=1.14[1.05,1.23]), and fun to talk about (d=1.96[1.83,2.08]) than material purchases. Self-concept was more strongly associated with experiential purchases than with material purchases (d=0.39[0.25,0.54]), and that there was a negative association between experiential purchase satisfaction and the willingness to exchange memory (r=-.34[-.43,-.24]) (all effects above were p<.001). We added an extension examining change in evaluations of material and experiential purchases over time and found that current evaluations were more negative than past evaluations, yet to a lesser extent for experiential compared to material purchases. Materials, data, and code are available on: https://osf.io/v2w5h/","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66879096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How to Cancel Plans With Friends: A Mixed Methods Study of Strategy and Experience 如何取消与朋友的约会:策略与经验的混合方法研究

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.57549

Sophia Caron, Jacqueline Thomas, Alaina Torres, Jeewon Oh, W. Chopik

{"title":"How to Cancel Plans With Friends: A Mixed Methods Study of Strategy and Experience","authors":"Sophia Caron, Jacqueline Thomas, Alaina Torres, Jeewon Oh, W. Chopik","doi":"10.1525/collabra.57549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.57549","url":null,"abstract":"Being cancelled on is inevitable. However, maintaining friendships is important and cancelled plans may evoke feelings of disappointment. To prevent this, we examined ways to go about cancelling plans that would not negatively impact friendships. Our study examined what people consider appropriate and inappropriate reasons and the best methods to cancel plans. A variety of close-ended and open-ended questions regarding what participants believed was a reasonable excuse for cancelling and the worst excuse for cancelling was asked. Participants were also asked about how cancelled plans made them feel. Among 1,192 people (72.5% women; 71.8% White), the majority of the participants wanted advanced notice and/or a quick call/text when plans are being cancelled. Health or family reasons were among the most reasonable excuses. Conversely, excuses regarding a better offer, such as finding something better to do, were among the most unacceptable reasons to cancel plans. Over 80% of the sample reported feeling annoyed when they found out that an excuse to cancel was a lie. Honoring commitments is essential to maintaining friendships, which is associated with better health and well-being. When breaking commitments, the best way to go about it is to cancel in advance and have honest and reasonable excuses which serve to maintain friendships that are a fundamental part of life and satisfy the need to belong.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66879440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trait Mindfulness Supports Self-perceived Scholastic Competence in Adolescent Girls 特质正念支持青春期女孩自我认知的学业能力

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.57559

Clare F. McCann, Theresa W. Cheng, A. Mobasser, Jennifer H. Pfeifer, K. Mills

引用次数: 0

The Meat Ambivalence Questionnaire: Assessing Domain-Specific Meat-Related Conflict in Omnivores and Veg*ans 肉类矛盾心理问卷:评估杂食动物和素食者特定领域的肉类相关冲突

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.73236

Benjamin Buttlar, S. Pauer, Matthew B. Ruby, Monique Chambon, Ann-Kathrin Jimenez-Klingberg, Jasmin Scherf, Vsevolod Scherrer

{"title":"The Meat Ambivalence Questionnaire: Assessing Domain-Specific Meat-Related Conflict in Omnivores and Veg*ans","authors":"Benjamin Buttlar, S. Pauer, Matthew B. Ruby, Monique Chambon, Ann-Kathrin Jimenez-Klingberg, Jasmin Scherf, Vsevolod Scherrer","doi":"10.1525/collabra.73236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.73236","url":null,"abstract":"People are increasingly concerned about how meat affects the environment, human health, and animal welfare, yet eating and enjoying meat remains a norm. Unsurprisingly, many people are ambivalent about meat—evaluating it as both positive and negative. Here, we propose that meat-related conflict is multidimensional and depends on people’s dietary group: Omnivores’ felt ambivalence relates to multiple negative associations that oppose a predominantly positive attitude towards meat, and veg*ans’ ambivalence relates to various positive associations that oppose a predominantly negative attitude. A qualitative study (N = 235; German) revealed that omnivores and veg*ans experience meat-related ambivalence due to associations with animals, sociability, sustainability, health, and sensory experiences. To quantify felt ambivalence in these domains, we developed the Meat Ambivalence Questionnaire (MAQ). We validated the MAQ in four pre-registered studies using self-report and behavioral data (N = 3,485; German, UK, representative US). Both omnivores and veg*ans reported meat-related ambivalence, but with differences across domains and their consequences for meat consumption. Specifically, ambivalence was associated with less meat consumption in omnivores (especially sensory-/animal-based ambivalence) and more meat consumption in veg*ans (especially sensory-/socially-based ambivalence). Network analyses shed further light on the nomological net of the MAQ while controlling for a comprehensive set of determinants of meat consumption. By introducing the MAQ, we hope to provide researchers with a tool to better understand how ambivalence accompanies behavior change and maintenance.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66880487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Angry, Sad, or Scared? Within-valence Mapping of Emotion Words to Facial and Body Cues in 2 to 4-Year-Old Children 生气、悲伤还是害怕?2 ~ 4岁儿童情绪词对面部和身体线索的效价内映射

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.74333

Yang Wu, Hannah M. Matteson, Claire M. Baker, Michael C. Frank

{"title":"Angry, Sad, or Scared? Within-valence Mapping of Emotion Words to Facial and Body Cues in 2 to 4-Year-Old Children","authors":"Yang Wu, Hannah M. Matteson, Claire M. Baker, Michael C. Frank","doi":"10.1525/collabra.74333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.74333","url":null,"abstract":"The acquisition of emotion words is critical to children’s socio-emotional development. Previous studies report that children acquire emotion words gradually during ages 3–5 and beyond. The majority of this work, however, has used demanding tasks for young children (e.g., asking children to label emotion-related facial configurations) and has predominantly relied on facial configurations. Here we designed a child-friendly, word-comprehension task incorporating both facial configurations and body language. In two preregistered online experiments, we asked two to four-year-olds (N = 96) to connect emotion words—happy, sad, angry, and scared—to either facial configurations (Experiment 1) or combined facial and body cues (Experiment 2). We found relatively early competence in understanding emotion words, especially those of the same-valence. All age groups, including 2-year-olds, successfully linked emotion words to corresponding facial configurations (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 replicated this pattern and further showed that children performed equally well (though not substantially better) when given additional body cues. Parental reports of children’s exposure to and use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic did not correlate with children’s performance in either experiment. Even before children can produce emotion words in an adult-like manner, they possess at least a partial understanding of those words and can map them to emotion cues within valence domains.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66880625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Psychology Faculty Overestimate the Magnitude of Cohen’s d Effect Sizes by Half a Standard Deviation 心理学教授高估了科恩效应大小的一半标准差

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.74020

Brendan A. Schuetze, Veronica X. Yan

引用次数: 0

Development of a Concept Inventory on Open and Transparent Research Practices 开放和透明研究实践概念清单的开发

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.75226

D. Markant, Alexia Galati

{"title":"Development of a Concept Inventory on Open and Transparent Research Practices","authors":"D. Markant, Alexia Galati","doi":"10.1525/collabra.75226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.75226","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade psychology researchers have begun adopting practices that promote openness and transparency. While these practices are increasingly reflected in undergraduate psychology curricula, pedagogical research has not systematically examined whether instruction on open science practices improves students’ conceptual understanding of research methods. We developed the Open Science Concept Inventory (OSCI) to evaluate the impact of integrating open science practices into research methods courses. First, we created a set of hypothetical dilemmas related to a range of open science concepts and elicited open-ended responses from undergraduates (N = 64, Study 1). Based on the responses, we created a 40-item multiple-choice questionnaire, which we administered to a new group of participants (N = 262, Study 2) and used item response theory to select 33 items for the final OSCI. Finally, in two implementation rounds across two semesters (Study 3, total N = 37), we evaluated students’ learning gains with the OSCI in a pre-test/post-test design. The implementation rounds involved new materials on open science for a psychology research methods course, including video lectures that situated questionable research practices in the current norms of science and introduced emerging solutions. After excluding extremely fast survey responders, an exploratory analysis showed learning gains among students who expended appropriate effort when completing the OSCI. By systematically evaluating a tool that is easily integrated into existing curricula, we aim to facilitate the adoption of open science practices in undergraduate instruction and the assessment of students’ conceptual foundations for conducting robust and transparent research.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66881195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual Differences in Vulnerability Factors for Anxiety Disorders: A Study on the Acquisition, Extinction, and Renewal of Avoidance, and the Concomitant Dynamics of Relief 焦虑障碍易损性因素的个体差异:回避的获得、消失和更新及其伴随的缓解动态研究

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.84914

Pedro L. Cobos, Tania M. Valle, María J. Quintero, Francisco J. López

{"title":"Individual Differences in Vulnerability Factors for Anxiety Disorders: A Study on the Acquisition, Extinction, and Renewal of Avoidance, and the Concomitant Dynamics of Relief","authors":"Pedro L. Cobos, Tania M. Valle, María J. Quintero, Francisco J. López","doi":"10.1525/collabra.84914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.84914","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted an experiment to assess the role of trait anxiety (TA) and prospective intolerance of uncertainty (P-IU) in the extinction and renewal of avoidance and distress. In this experiment, we used an extinction procedure in which making the avoidance response did not prevent participants from noticing that the US did not follow warning stimuli. Renewal was assessed through a re-extinction phase conducted in a context different from that used in the acquisition and extinction phases. Our dependent measures included participants’ scores on P-IU and TA, the frequency of avoidance responses per trial, and participants’ post-trial relief ratings (used to infer the degree of distress suffered during the previous trial). We found that higher P-IU scores were associated with heightened relief ratings to a safety signal that had never been followed by the US in the avoidance acquisition phase, and with an overall less steep reduction in relief ratings during the re-extinction phase. Increased TA was associated with heightened avoidance frequency in safety-signal trials during the avoidance acquisition phase, along with a less steep overall reduction in frequency of avoidance responses and slower extinction in the extinction phase. Our results were inconclusive regarding individual differences in the renewal effect. In general, our results provide evidence for the role of individual differences in vulnerability factors for pathological anxiety in the acquisition and extinction of avoidance and relief.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66882921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Whistleblowing Paradigms 检举范例

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.87493

M. Fischer, M. Gollwitzer

引用次数: 0