在实验室中确定人类习惯的特征

IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Stephan Nebe, André Kretzschmar, Maike C Brandt, Philippe N Tobler
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引用次数: 0

摘要

习惯给那些旨在了解人类行为的人带来了一个基本难题。习惯充斥着我们的日常生活,并主导着某些形式的精神病理学,但却极难在实验室中激发出来。在这份注册报告中,我们开发了基于计算模型的新型实验范式,该范式表明,习惯强度应与行为频率成正比,而且与之前的研究相反,与价值无关。具体来说,我们操纵了参与者在两个不同动作重复的任务中做出反应的频率,而不考虑或单独考虑价值的变化。此外,我们还询问了这种基于频率的习惯化与基于价值的习惯操作以及现实生活中自我报告的习惯行为倾向之间的关系。我们发现,训练中的选择频率会增加测试时的习惯强度,而这种形式的习惯与基于价值的习惯操作化关系不大。我们的研究结果从经验上为习惯的构成提供了一个新的视角,并表明习惯可能在没有外部强化的情况下产生。我们还发现,没有证据表明测量习惯的不同实验方法之间存在重叠,也没有证据表明习惯与自我报告的现实生活习惯之间存在关联。因此,我们的研究结果要求对我们在实验室中对人类习惯行为的理解和测量进行严格的重新评估。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Characterizing Human Habits in the Lab.

Habits pose a fundamental puzzle for those aiming to understand human behavior. They pervade our everyday lives and dominate some forms of psychopathology but are extremely hard to elicit in the lab. In this Registered Report, we developed novel experimental paradigms grounded in computational models, which suggest that habit strength should be proportional to the frequency of behavior and, in contrast to previous research, independent of value. Specifically, we manipulated how often participants performed responses in two tasks varying action repetition without, or separately from, variations in value. Moreover, we asked how this frequency-based habitization related to value-based operationalizations of habit and self-reported propensities for habitual behavior in real life. We find that choice frequency during training increases habit strength at test and that this form of habit shows little relation to value-based operationalizations of habit. Our findings empirically ground a novel perspective on the constituents of habits and suggest that habits may arise in the absence of external reinforcement. We further find no evidence for an overlap between different experimental approaches to measuring habits and no associations with self-reported real-life habits. Thus, our findings call for a rigorous reassessment of our understanding and measurement of human habitual behavior in the lab.

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来源期刊
Collabra-Psychology
Collabra-Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
4.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Collabra: Psychology has 7 sections representing the broad field of psychology, and a highlighted focus area of “Methodology and Research Practice.” Are: Cognitive Psychology Social Psychology Personality Psychology Clinical Psychology Developmental Psychology Organizational Behavior Methodology and Research Practice.
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