Individual Differences in Vulnerability Factors for Anxiety Disorders: A Study on the Acquisition, Extinction, and Renewal of Avoidance, and the Concomitant Dynamics of Relief

IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Pedro L. Cobos, Tania M. Valle, María J. Quintero, Francisco J. López
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Abstract

We conducted an experiment to assess the role of trait anxiety (TA) and prospective intolerance of uncertainty (P-IU) in the extinction and renewal of avoidance and distress. In this experiment, we used an extinction procedure in which making the avoidance response did not prevent participants from noticing that the US did not follow warning stimuli. Renewal was assessed through a re-extinction phase conducted in a context different from that used in the acquisition and extinction phases. Our dependent measures included participants’ scores on P-IU and TA, the frequency of avoidance responses per trial, and participants’ post-trial relief ratings (used to infer the degree of distress suffered during the previous trial). We found that higher P-IU scores were associated with heightened relief ratings to a safety signal that had never been followed by the US in the avoidance acquisition phase, and with an overall less steep reduction in relief ratings during the re-extinction phase. Increased TA was associated with heightened avoidance frequency in safety-signal trials during the avoidance acquisition phase, along with a less steep overall reduction in frequency of avoidance responses and slower extinction in the extinction phase. Our results were inconclusive regarding individual differences in the renewal effect. In general, our results provide evidence for the role of individual differences in vulnerability factors for pathological anxiety in the acquisition and extinction of avoidance and relief.
焦虑障碍易损性因素的个体差异:回避的获得、消失和更新及其伴随的缓解动态研究
我们进行了一项实验来评估特质焦虑(TA)和前瞻性不确定性不耐受(P-IU)在逃避和痛苦的消失和更新中的作用。在这个实验中,我们使用了一种消失程序,在这个过程中,回避反应并不会阻止参与者注意到美国没有遵循警告刺激。更新是通过在不同于获取和灭绝阶段使用的背景下进行的再灭绝阶段来评估的。我们的依赖测量包括参与者在P-IU和TA上的得分,每次试验回避反应的频率,以及参与者的试验后缓解评分(用于推断先前试验中遭受的痛苦程度)。我们发现,较高的P-IU分数与美国在回避获取阶段从未遵循的安全信号的较高缓解评级相关,并且在重新消除阶段总体上缓解评级的下降幅度较小。在安全信号试验中,在回避获取阶段,TA的增加与回避频率的提高有关,同时,回避反应频率的总体下降幅度较小,在回避阶段的消退速度较慢。我们的结果对于更新效果的个体差异尚无定论。总的来说,我们的研究结果为病理焦虑易感性因素的个体差异在回避和缓解的获得和消除中的作用提供了证据。
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来源期刊
Collabra-Psychology
Collabra-Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
4.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Collabra: Psychology has 7 sections representing the broad field of psychology, and a highlighted focus area of “Methodology and Research Practice.” Are: Cognitive Psychology Social Psychology Personality Psychology Clinical Psychology Developmental Psychology Organizational Behavior Methodology and Research Practice.
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