Angry, Sad, or Scared? Within-valence Mapping of Emotion Words to Facial and Body Cues in 2 to 4-Year-Old Children

IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Yang Wu, Hannah M. Matteson, Claire M. Baker, Michael C. Frank
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The acquisition of emotion words is critical to children’s socio-emotional development. Previous studies report that children acquire emotion words gradually during ages 3–5 and beyond. The majority of this work, however, has used demanding tasks for young children (e.g., asking children to label emotion-related facial configurations) and has predominantly relied on facial configurations. Here we designed a child-friendly, word-comprehension task incorporating both facial configurations and body language. In two preregistered online experiments, we asked two to four-year-olds (N = 96) to connect emotion words—happy, sad, angry, and scared—to either facial configurations (Experiment 1) or combined facial and body cues (Experiment 2). We found relatively early competence in understanding emotion words, especially those of the same-valence. All age groups, including 2-year-olds, successfully linked emotion words to corresponding facial configurations (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 replicated this pattern and further showed that children performed equally well (though not substantially better) when given additional body cues. Parental reports of children’s exposure to and use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic did not correlate with children’s performance in either experiment. Even before children can produce emotion words in an adult-like manner, they possess at least a partial understanding of those words and can map them to emotion cues within valence domains.
生气、悲伤还是害怕?2 ~ 4岁儿童情绪词对面部和身体线索的效价内映射
情感词汇的习得对儿童的社会情感发展至关重要。先前的研究表明,儿童在3-5岁及以后逐渐习得情感词汇。然而,这项工作的大部分都是针对幼儿的苛刻任务(例如,要求儿童标记与情绪相关的面部表情),并且主要依赖于面部表情。在这里,我们设计了一个儿童友好的文字理解任务,包括面部配置和肢体语言。在两个预先注册的在线实验中,我们要求两到四岁的孩子(N = 96)将情绪词——快乐、悲伤、愤怒和害怕——与面部表情(实验1)或面部和身体结合的线索(实验2)联系起来。我们发现,他们理解情绪词的能力相对较早,尤其是那些效价相同的情绪词。所有年龄组,包括两岁的孩子,都能成功地将情感词汇与相应的面部表情联系起来(实验1)。实验2重复了这一模式,并进一步表明,当给予额外的身体线索时,孩子们的表现同样出色(尽管没有明显更好)。在两项实验中,父母报告的儿童在COVID-19大流行期间接触和使用口罩的情况与儿童的表现无关。甚至在孩子们能像成年人一样说出情感词汇之前,他们至少对这些词汇有部分的理解,并能把它们映射到价域内的情感线索上。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Collabra-Psychology
Collabra-Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
4.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Collabra: Psychology has 7 sections representing the broad field of psychology, and a highlighted focus area of “Methodology and Research Practice.” Are: Cognitive Psychology Social Psychology Personality Psychology Clinical Psychology Developmental Psychology Organizational Behavior Methodology and Research Practice.
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