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Pedestrian deaths and large vehicles 行人死亡和大型车辆
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100219
Justin Tyndall
{"title":"Pedestrian deaths and large vehicles","authors":"Justin Tyndall","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traffic fatalities in the US have been rising among pedestrians even as they fall among motorists. Contemporaneously, the US has undergone a significant shift in consumer preferences for motor vehicles, with larger Sport Utility Vehicles comprising an increased market share. Larger vehicles may pose a risk to pedestrians, increasing the severity of collisions. I use data covering all fatal vehicle collisions in the US and exploit heterogeneity in changing vehicle fleets across metros for identification. Between 2000 and 2019, I estimate that replacing the growth in Sport Utility Vehicles with cars would have averted 1,100 pedestrian deaths. I find no evidence that the shift towards larger vehicles improved aggregate motorist safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42747735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Bus Rapid Transit versus road expansion to alleviate congestion: A general equilibrium comparison 快速公交与道路扩建缓解拥堵：一般均衡比较
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100220
Alex Anas , Sayan De Sarkar , Govinda R. Timilsina
{"title":"Bus Rapid Transit versus road expansion to alleviate congestion: A general equilibrium comparison","authors":"Alex Anas ,&nbsp;Sayan De Sarkar ,&nbsp;Govinda R. Timilsina","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and highway expansions actually proposed for Beirut are compared using an urban computable general equilibrium model<span>. The model has two geographic zones, central area and suburbs, but it is economically detailed. It includes production, labor, residential and commercial real estate markets and multimodal road congestion with private car, minibus and taxi vehicles and public buses. BRT reduces road congestion by 9 %, improves traffic speed by 24 %, and reduces the road congestion externality by 18 %. The BRT improves consumer utility and achieves social welfare gains that are 7.9 % of income: two-thirds are from the BRT as a new mode and one-third from the benefits of the lower congestion for the other modes. Road expansion also improves consumer utility, but achieves lower social welfare due to its cost and lower effect on </span></span>real estate prices. The BRT yields an operating surplus, but road expansion requires deficit financing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48873454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Airline schedule buffers and flight delays: A discrete model 航班时刻表缓冲与航班延误：一个离散模型
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100218
Jan K. Brueckner , Achim I. Czerny , Alberto A. Gaggero
{"title":"Airline schedule buffers and flight delays: A discrete model","authors":"Jan K. Brueckner ,&nbsp;Achim I. Czerny ,&nbsp;Alberto A. Gaggero","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper revisits the airline schedule-buffer choice problem analyzed by Brueckner et al. (2021) using a simpler model where the random shocks influencing flight times are discrete rather than continuous. The analysis yields closed-form solutions for the flight and ground buffers as well as full comparative-static results, neither of which were available in the earlier paper. The paper also explores several extensions to the model that were not present in the previous paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72214351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Pollution and congestion in urban areas: The effects of low emission zones 城市地区的污染和拥堵:低排放区的影响
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100221
Valeria Bernardo , Xavier Fageda , Ricardo Flores-Fillol
{"title":"Pollution and congestion in urban areas: The effects of low emission zones","authors":"Valeria Bernardo ,&nbsp;Xavier Fageda ,&nbsp;Ricardo Flores-Fillol","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The great weight that the car has as a means of mobility in large cities generates significant negative externalities both in terms of pollution and congestion. The goal of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of low emission zones (LEZs) and to compare it with the existing results in literature on the effectiveness of urban tolls. First, we build up a theoretical model that departs from De Borger and Proost (2012), who study the effects of urban tolls on congestion, by incorporating pollution into the analysis and LEZs as an alternative (quantity-based) policy measure. Then we perform an econometric analysis taking advantage of a unique and extremely original panel of large European urban areas over the period 2008–2016, using data on congestion from TomTom and data on pollution (PM2.5) from environmental sciences. We conclude that LEZs can curb pollution. They are particularly effective in highly polluted cities, when they are applied to a wide area of the city, and/or when they are stringent in the type of restricted vehicles. Instead, LEZs are ineffective in mitigating congestion. This is a very relevant result, given the growing importance of LEZs in Europe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137416036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimization of the cost of urban traffic through an online bidding platform for commuters 通过面向通勤者的在线竞价平台优化城市交通成本
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100208
Jacek Filipowski , Bogumił Kamiński , Atefeh Mashatan , Paweł Prałat , Przemysław Szufel
{"title":"Optimization of the cost of urban traffic through an online bidding platform for commuters","authors":"Jacek Filipowski ,&nbsp;Bogumił Kamiński ,&nbsp;Atefeh Mashatan ,&nbsp;Paweł Prałat ,&nbsp;Przemysław Szufel","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we consider the problem of increasing efficiency of a transportation system through optimizing the behavior of commuters. The assumption is that the time spent in the traffic can be represented by a monetary value and hence introduction of monetary compensations can lead to a more efficient organization of the transportation system. In our model, heterogeneous travelers differently assess the value of their time spent in congestion, hence it is presumably viable to reduce traffic in the most congested streets by introducing a bidding mechanism that will allow the participants who have a lower monetary value of time<span> to receive a compensation financed by the group of commuters that have a higher value of time spend in congestion. We start by presenting a design of a bidding system for optimal allocation of traffic. We analyze the properties of the proposed algorithm and show that it leads to a more efficient allocation of vehicles than the theoretical allocation that could be achieved in the Nash Equilibrium of an uncontrolled transportation network. Subsequently, we verify the proposed auction design via an agent-based simulation model representing the Manhattan area of New York City. The results of our simulation confirm theoretical findings that the introduction of the proposed auction mechanism in a real city settings leads to a more efficient allocation of routes or means of transportation chosen by commuters.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47995576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Can time-inconsistent preferences explain hypothetical biases? 时间不一致的偏好能解释假设的偏见吗?
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100207
Ondřej Krčál , Stefanie Peer , Rostislav Staněk
{"title":"Can time-inconsistent preferences explain hypothetical biases?","authors":"Ondřej Krčál ,&nbsp;Stefanie Peer ,&nbsp;Rostislav Staněk","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate whether the value of time<span> (VOT) depends on when the corresponding preferences are measured: in advance, just before, or after the time period for which the time preferences are being evaluated. We find that the VOT is highest when elicited just before the time period. This is an indication of the VOT being affected by time-inconsistent, and more specifically, present-biased preferences. We argue that this result may explain why time valuations based on stated preference (SP) data are typically found to be lower than those based on revealed preference (RP) data: most RP surveys evaluate the preferences of respondents close to the time period for which the preferences are being measured, whereas the time instances for which preferences are evaluated in SP surveys tend to be more abstract, or referencing past or future time periods.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45503360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Transport taxes and subsidies in developing countries: The effect of income inequality aversion 发展中国家的交通税和补贴:收入不平等厌恶的影响
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100206
Alejandro Tirachini , Stef Proost
{"title":"Transport taxes and subsidies in developing countries: The effect of income inequality aversion","authors":"Alejandro Tirachini ,&nbsp;Stef Proost","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>We propose a marginal tax reform model that includes both formal and informal sectors in the economy, traffic externalities (congestion, pollution, crashes and noise) and distributional concerns. The marginal cost of public funds (MCF) is derived for fuel </span>taxes and </span>public transport<span> subsidies. The model is applied to Santiago, Chile. If MCFs are computed only taking economic efficiency into account, a revenue neutral reform within the transport sector suggests increasing the car cost and reducing the bus fare in peak periods, and reducing the car cost and increasing the bus fare in off-peak periods. However, including income inequality aversion leads to suggesting lower bus fares and higher car costs in both peak and off-peak periods, significantly changing the economic assessment of current tax and subsidy instruments. The inclusion of traffic externalities has a large effect on the MCF for fuel tax and a mild effect on MCF for bus subsidy.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
A review of public transport economics 公共交通经济学综述
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100196
Daniel Hörcher , Alejandro Tirachini
{"title":"A review of public transport economics","authors":"Daniel Hörcher ,&nbsp;Alejandro Tirachini","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Public transport provision requires substantial organisational efforts, careful planning, financial contributions from the public, and coordination between millions of passengers and staff members in large systems. Efficient resource allocation is critical in its daily operations. Therefore, public transport has been among the most popular subjects in transport economics since the infancy of this discipline. This paper presents an overview of the literature developed over the past half century, including more than 300 important contributions. With a strong methodological orientation, it collects, classifies, and compares the frequently used analytical modelling techniques, thus providing a cookbook for future research and learning efforts. We discuss key findings on optimal capacity provision, pricing, cost recovery and subsidies, externalities, private operations, public service regulation, and cross-cutting subjects, such as interlinks with urban economics, political economy, and emerging mobility technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137399693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who gains and who loses from congestion pricing in a monocentric city with a bottleneck? 在一个存在瓶颈的单中心城市，拥堵收费对谁有利，对谁不利?
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100189
Yuki Takayama
{"title":"Who gains and who loses from congestion pricing in a monocentric city with a bottleneck?","authors":"Yuki Takayama","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops a model in which heterogeneous commuters choose their residential locations and departure times from home in a monocentric city with a bottleneck. We show that commuters sort themselves both temporally and spatially according to their value of time<span> and flexibility at the equilibria with and without optimal congestion pricing. These two equilibria exhibit fundamentally different properties, indicating that congestion pricing alters the urban spatial structure. We then consider two cases wherein richer commuters are either more flexible or less flexible and demonstrate that (a) congestion pricing makes cities denser and more compact in the former, whereas it causes cities to become less dense and to expand spatially in the latter; (b) in both cases, pricing helps rich commuters but hurts poor commuters. We further reveal that expanding capacity financed by the revenue from congestion pricing could be regressive in a city where richer commuters are less flexible.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49266825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A new look at the value of leisure in two-worker households 对两名工人家庭休闲价值的新看法
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100193
Sergio Jara-Díaz, Diego Candia
{"title":"A new look at the value of leisure in two-worker households","authors":"Sergio Jara-Díaz,&nbsp;Diego Candia","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We depart from the individual view behind those time allocation models aimed at the calculation of the value of leisure (VoL) when dealing with two-worker households, as this (prevailing) view requires approximations and assumptions that do not hold well. As the existing theories that consider the household deals with time allocation but not with time values, we propose an integration of some elements of both theories, generating a model with a collective view from which the VoL can be obtained. We argue theoretically that this model yields larger VoL and contains elements that should diminish the possible gap in VoL between the workers. The improved model is applied using Chilean data verifying its theoretical properties at various levels and correcting counterintuitive results obtained with the individual model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48812028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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