{"title":"The reform of the Flemish registration and annual road taxes: did they cause a change in the CO2 emission factors of new cars?","authors":"Laurent Franckx, Bruno Hoornaert","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Flemish Region in Belgium reformed its registration tax for passenger cars and its annual road tax in 2012 and 2016 respectively, to reflect a car's CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and Euro pollution class. Moreover, from 2019 to 2020, natural persons and the self-employed could obtain a premium for the purchase of a zero-emission car. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we find that the reform of the registration tax has <em>caused</em> an accelerated decrease in the CO<sub>2</sub> emission factors of new cars sold in Flanders, compared to other regions. This result holds for privately owned cars as well as company cars. However, the average treatment effect was rather small compared to the counterfactual. The additional effects of the reform of the annual road tax and the zero-emission car premium are even smaller than for the registration tax, and not significant in the case of private cars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Cervini-Plá , Mariona Tomàs , Javier Vázquez-Grenno
{"title":"The impact of fare reductions on public transportation use","authors":"María Cervini-Plá , Mariona Tomàs , Javier Vázquez-Grenno","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper empirically examines how consumers respond to reductions in public transportation fares by analyzing changes in their use of public transport. We exploit a policy that lowered fares across several municipalities in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Our findings indicate a 39 percent increase in public transportation use during the year following the policy’s implementation. To assess whether the visibility of the policy shaped this response, we also examine the effects of the subsequent announcement of its financing scheme, nearly a year later. The announcement clarified that the fare reduction would be funded through a tax on homeowners. Once taxpayers became fully aware of both the fare reduction and its financing mechanism, their use of public transportation increased further, supporting the hypothesis that the visibility of public policies can shape individuals’ behavior regarding their use of public services. Finally, we estimate partial welfare effects, identifying both winners and losers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Valuing travel time and reliability from emerging connected vehicle data","authors":"Isaac Mann, David M. Levinson","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The value of travel time and reliability are significant economic parameters in canonical transport Cost–Benefit Analysis. Our study employs connected vehicle data paired with Sydney, Australia’s, extensive toll road network to introduce a novel approach to valuing these metrics. Toll uptake makes the time–money trade-off explicit: travellers pay to avoid congestion. While toll choices have long been used to infer time valuation, a network-wide approach incorporating passive revealed preferences has not yet been explored. We design choice sets using methods termed route ‘observation’ and ‘generation’, and estimate time and reliability valuations using mixed-path size logit. Our findings align closely with official estimates used in project appraisal, and set the stage for panel revealed preference studies as connected vehicles occupy more of the vehicle fleet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bryan S. Weber , Ali Moghtaderi , Paolo Cappellari
{"title":"Effects of congestion surcharges: From ridership to competition and safety","authors":"Bryan S. Weber , Ali Moghtaderi , Paolo Cappellari","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the effects of a 2019 congestion surcharge on for-hire-vehicle and taxi usage in New York City. We use a difference-in-differences method to evaluate both the change in rides during this period and the coinciding decline in pickups. We find a significant decline in rides originating from the charged area (11%), and a parallel reduction in collisions (5%), injuries (9%), and some fatalities, suggesting that the policy has successfully created the intended reduction in vehicular activity. Taxis appear to lose a larger number of rides than their competition, both in single-passenger and shared rides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Zhang , A.I. Czerny , J. van Ommeren , H.-M. Niemeier
{"title":"Intertemporal price dispersion: The role of competition","authors":"H. Zhang , A.I. Czerny , J. van Ommeren , H.-M. Niemeier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers European airline markets to establish a causal effect of competition on pricing dynamics. It shows that intertemporal price dispersion is strongly reduced by competition because flights booked close to departure time are priced substantially lower when competition increases. This way competition mainly benefits late bookers. Low-cost carrier competition appears to have a strong and lasting negative effect on intertemporal price dispersion. The effect of competition by full-service carriers is moderate and seems to disappear in the long run. This study confirms the crucial importance of low-cost carrier competition for European aviation markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex Marsh , Garrett Scott , Drew Van Kuiken , Jonathan W. Williams
{"title":"Should I stay or should I go? An empirical analysis of consumer behavior using airline web-traffic data","authors":"Alex Marsh , Garrett Scott , Drew Van Kuiken , Jonathan W. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyze consumer search and purchase behavior in response to airline revenue-management practices using data from a major carrier’s website and Google Flights. We first describe patterns in search timing, purchase decisions, and paid fares. Then we estimate a multinomial logistic regression to identify factors driving search timing, finding that single adults with loyalty status, especially booking one-way nonstop itineraries, tend to search closer to departure. Next, we use a binary logistic model of conversions of searches to sales, showing that competitors’ prices and changing customer composition explain rising conversion probabilities as departure nears. Finally, using a fixed-effects regression, we reveal how search and booking patterns affect prices paid. Late-arriving travelers, particularly single adults with loyalty status, pay substantially more, consistent with the airline’s pricing strategies that segment more inelastic customers. Overall, our findings underscore how revenue-management, competitor fares, and consumer characteristics jointly shape online search and purchase behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impacts of airline corporate social responsibility in the air transport industry","authors":"Adrián Nerja , Mariola Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the implications of airline corporate social responsibility (CSR) uptake in the air transport industry. Then, we extend the analysis considering the impact of parallel airline alliances on CSR of airlines. The results suggest that airports play a crucial role in shaping the CSR practices of airlines and that this impact should be viewed in the context of a network in the downstream market. When an airline adopts CSR, it can lead to an increase in social welfare and consumer surplus if the degree of substitutability of services provided by the airline and its parallel alliance is high enough.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark A. Andor , Fabian T. Dehos , Kenneth T. Gillingham , Sven Hansteen , Lukas Tomberg
{"title":"Public transport pricing: An evaluation of the 9-Euro ticket and an alternative policy proposal","authors":"Mark A. Andor , Fabian T. Dehos , Kenneth T. Gillingham , Sven Hansteen , Lukas Tomberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In summer 2022, Germany allowed nationwide access to public transport for just 9 euros per month. In this paper, we examine the effects of this “9-Euro Ticket” and compare our results with other analyses that use different empirical approaches. The evidence shows that the ticket induced only a marginal shift from car to public transport and that it has primarily been used to expand mobility rather than to substitute car trips. We approximate the welfare effects of the policy by estimating the short-run marginal value of public funds to be around 1. Compared to other potential policies, this value is relatively low and indicates that alternative policies could achieve a higher welfare gain at comparable costs. Based on these results and in conjunction with evidence from similar programs and insights from economic theory, we propose and discuss the introduction of dynamic pricing for public transport as a welfare-enhancing alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of carbon pricing on tourist destinations: Shifts in demand, supply and emissions in the European aviation market","authors":"Xavier Fageda , Katrin Oesingmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides novel evidence of the impact of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) as applied to the aviation sector on tourist destinations. We use annual data at the route level for the period 2010–2022 and consider a sample comprising a large set of European cities of origin, on the one hand, and tourist destinations in Europe, North and West Africa and the Middle East, on the other. We apply a difference-in-differences analysis to a matched sample and find that the EU ETS has led to less emissions, less flights and to a lower extent less seats. In contrast, we do not find a negative impact of the EU ETS on passenger numbers. While the attractiveness of tourist destinations in Europe does not seem to have been affected by the EU ETS, our results suggest that it has promoted greater efficiency in airline operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anca D. Cristea , Megersa Abate , Daniel A. Benitez
{"title":"Towards a competitive air transport market in Africa: The role of bilateral air service agreements liberalization","authors":"Anca D. Cristea , Megersa Abate , Daniel A. Benitez","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of bilateral air service agreements (ASAs) on air passenger transport in Africa and quantifies the consumer welfare effects associated with air transport liberalization. Using an unbalanced panel of 71 country pairs from Africa observed over the period 2011–2019, the paper estimates the extent to which bilateral ASA liberalization affects: 1) passenger travel, 2) average air fares, 3) flight frequency, and 4) market competition within a country pair. Our empirical analysis employs the difference-in-differences estimation method and pays close attention to the endogeneity concerns coming from the simultaneity and reverse causality surrounding pricing, demand, and frequency decisions. Our results indicate that both partial and full liberalization of bilateral ASAs lead to a reduction in air fares, and to an increase in air travel demand and flight frequency, respectively. We find no evidence that market competition, as measured by the number of operating airlines, increases following liberalization. After quantifying all the channels through which the policy environment can affect air transport markets in Africa, we find that aviation liberalization generates consumer benefits that are equivalent to a 38 percent drop in air fares, i.e., the price equivalent effect of air liberalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}