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Unionised dockworkers and port ownership structure in an international oligopoly 国际寡头垄断中的工会化码头工人和港口所有权结构
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100379
{"title":"Unionised dockworkers and port ownership structure in an international oligopoly","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In an international duopoly with two markets and two ports, this paper investigates the role of dockworkers unionisation in determining the endogenous choice by governments of port ownership structure. While private ports maximise profits, public ports maximise domestic welfare and face a budget constraint, which is binding when unions are sufficiently wage-oriented and shipping costs are not too high. State-owned ports appear as the most likely equilibrium result although all possible configurations may arise in equilibrium, including an asymmetric structure with a state-owned port and a private port. Country size asymmetry, product differentiation and price competition in product markets favour the rise of a joint public ownership structure of ports. This structure also maximises domestic welfare when unions are wage-oriented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microgeographic speed, reliability, and traffic externalities 微地理速度、可靠性和交通外部性
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100371
{"title":"Microgeographic speed, reliability, and traffic externalities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper estimates congestion externalities on a broad sample of roads in England’s capital region. A fixed effects approach that compares across times of day finds that 10% more traffic increases travel time by 4%, erodes reliability, and finds smallest marginal effects on high-capacity roads. I incorporate both expected travel time and reliability into a model of congestion externalities. Combining the model with travel data, I find that Central London’s Congestion Charge exceeds tolled drivers’ external costs if they only reflect travel time and reliability. Despite the large toll in London’s city centre, I find that deadweight loss in untolled parts of the city remains substantial, and that accounting for reliability increases deadweight loss by as much as 55%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pricing effects of code-sharing in Africa 非洲代码共享的定价效应
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100369
{"title":"Pricing effects of code-sharing in Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the impact of code-sharing (CS) agreements on airfares in Africa, a region largely overlooked in existing airline cooperation research. Analysing a comprehensive dataset covering international one-stop routes in Africa from 2017 to 2019, we examine the direct effects of CS agreements on connecting itinerary discount economy fares that swap from interline to CS. Additionally, we explore the spillover effects of airlines adopting CS on the fares of those that do not implement it. Our key findings reveal that the implementation of CS agreements results in an approximately 18% reduction in airfares for African international routes. Furthermore, we identify a negative spillover effect, demonstrating reduced airfares for interline itineraries by 12% when rival pairs adopt CS, while online and direct itineraries experience smaller reductions (around 4%).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212012224000285/pdfft?md5=3fd450a8b795eda9162a5e11e036ca07&pid=1-s2.0-S2212012224000285-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Should short-haul flights be banned? A simple transportation network analysis 是否应该禁止短途航班？简单的交通网络分析
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100370
{"title":"Should short-haul flights be banned? A simple transportation network analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We assess the effects of a short-haul flights ban on a transportation network that includes local, international and connecting markets and modal competition between high-speed rail (HSR), air and private car. When connecting markets are relatively important or there is sufficient modal substitution, bans induce more private car traffic, less local HSR traffic due to higher prices and also more international air and connecting traffic since international prices decrease. Our simulation results unveil that when air and private car are the closest substitutes the ban increases environmental damages. Welfare gross of damages typically falls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212012224000297/pdfft?md5=8483d2b72bd7387faf3128040c20c218&pid=1-s2.0-S2212012224000297-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modelling mobility as a service: A literature review 将流动作为一种服务建模：文献综述
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100368
Sylvain Daou , Fabien Leurent
{"title":"Modelling mobility as a service: A literature review","authors":"Sylvain Daou ,&nbsp;Fabien Leurent","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MaaS (Mobility as a Service) is often presented as a means to solve some of the most pressing mobility issues such as car dependency and increasing vehicular greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, adequate models and simulations are key to estimating the impact of potential MaaS implementations and support decision-making to reap the benefits MaaS could bring. This article aims at reviewing MaaS representation in existing academic literature pertaining to transportation modelling, in order to assess its progress and identify trajectories for future improvements. We do so by considering mobility as an economic system in which MaaS interacts with both travel demand and supply. After identifying an adequate set of indicators to analyze MaaS models, we review 31 contributions and find out that most studies consist of demand-centered usage models while the integration of the system's supply side's operational and profitability factors is still lacking, especially in-MaaS financial flows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212012224000273/pdfft?md5=2310529996f333579ec20ce90ca1c0b0&pid=1-s2.0-S2212012224000273-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Speed Rail: A game changer for Spanish motorway transport? 高速铁路：西班牙高速公路交通的游戏规则改变者？
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100360
Daniel Albalate, Carlos R. León-Gómez
{"title":"High-Speed Rail: A game changer for Spanish motorway transport?","authors":"Daniel Albalate,&nbsp;Carlos R. León-Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spain has deployed the world’s largest High-Speed Rail (HSR) network, in per capita terms, under the premise that this infrastructure provides a cleaner mode for reaching their environmental commitments. However, for observing environmental gains, there should be inter-modal substitution from polluter modes to the HSR. This paper analyzes the impact of new HSR openings on car traffic, using a Generalized and Staggered Difference-in-Difference approach. Unlike previous studies, we analyzes the entire Spanish HSR network. We matched the georeferenced data on car traffic with the origin–destination routes provided by Google Maps API to estimate the impact of the HSR on car traffic. We found that the HSR has not generated modal split, except for few of the HSR segments, in which we estimated a 6%–8% reduction in the annual average daily traffic. These results have public policy implications for the transport policy in the EU, and the effectiveness of decarbonization policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212012224000194/pdfft?md5=a4d887a5383e5364f30b9076157cf85c&pid=1-s2.0-S2212012224000194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The economics of empty trips 空程经济学
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100361
Dario Farren , Ricardo Giesen , Luis Ignacio Rizzi
{"title":"The economics of empty trips","authors":"Dario Farren ,&nbsp;Ricardo Giesen ,&nbsp;Luis Ignacio Rizzi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Empty trucks have a significant impact on the efficiency and sustainability of logistics operations, accounting for a substantial portion of the intercity truck flow, ranging from 15% to 40%. While some of these empty trips can be attributed to load imbalances, it is common to observe the flow of empty trucks in both directions of a route. This paper introduces a microeconomic model aimed at providing a deeper understanding of the flow of empty vehicles beyond load imbalances and its implications for freight flows, transport prices, and the number of carriers in the free-entry equilibrium. Our approach captures shippers’ preferences when selecting carriers within a system comprising two locations with cargo flow in both directions. The model incorporates price competition among carriers and the production of differentiated services, as shippers perceive carriers’ services in a heterogeneous manner. Given that carriers lack knowledge of shippers’ preferences, these are represented using a random utility model. The model enables the determination and comparison of equilibrium conditions with the social optimum. The results show that: (1) The transportation of goods results in not only empty vehicles due to imbalanced loads but also a natural occurrence of empty vehicles due to the stochastic demand patterns. (2) When a new carrier enters the market, it contributes to the negative impact of empty vehicles through the business stealing effect. (3) Empty trips disrupt the balance of prices and carriers, creating a gap between the free-entry equilibrium and the socially optimal values. (4) By coordinating carriers’ operations, the flow of empty vehicles due to the business stealing effect can be minimized, moving the system towards the socially optimal outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An assessment model of eco-efficiency for container terminals within a port 港口内集装箱码头生态效益评估模型
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100359
Wen-Kai K. Hsu , Nguyen Tan Huynh , Thanh Le Quoc , Hui-Lung Yu
{"title":"An assessment model of eco-efficiency for container terminals within a port","authors":"Wen-Kai K. Hsu ,&nbsp;Nguyen Tan Huynh ,&nbsp;Thanh Le Quoc ,&nbsp;Hui-Lung Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) from container terminal (CT) operations, generate an adverse impact on the ecological environment in ports. Yet, solutions to abate air pollution in port areas is controversial. To contribute to the relevant literature, this article aims to assess eco-efficiency for container terminals (CTs) inside a port when the unwanted output is taken into consideration. In doing so, the Slacks-Based Measure (SBM)-DEA model was adopted to evaluate the efficiency of CTs while the modality movement approach was deployed to estimate the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> released by CT operators. It is found that: (1) Wan-Han is the most efficient CT operator, with an average efficiency of 0.993 during 2017–2019; (2) the unwanted output (i.e., CO2) affects CT operators' efficiency score; (3) inefficient DMUs can improve their operating performance by adopting slack variables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The company you keep: Renegotiations and adverse selection in transportation infrastructure 你的同伴运输基础设施中的重新谈判和逆向选择
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100357
Eduardo Engel , Ronald D. Fischer , Alexander Galetovic
{"title":"The company you keep: Renegotiations and adverse selection in transportation infrastructure","authors":"Eduardo Engel ,&nbsp;Ronald D. Fischer ,&nbsp;Alexander Galetovic","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the effects of a country’s propensity to renegotiate transportation infrastructure contracts on the technical efficiency of the firms they attract. Firms are characterized by their ability to lobby and by their technical efficiency. In equilibrium, countries with a higher propensity to renegotiate contracts attract less efficient firms, that are better at renegotiating. This leads to costlier transportation infrastructure and lower welfare. Countries with institutional settings with a higher propensity for renegotiation, or where more net welfare is “up for grabs” in renegotiations, procure transportation infrastructure at a higher cost. We provide anecdotal evidence of the link between renegotiation in public procurement and a firm’s ability to renegotiate contracts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140947850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How do airlines cut fuel usage, reducing their carbon emissions? 航空公司如何减少燃料使用，降低碳排放？
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100358
Jan K. Brueckner , Matthew E. Kahn , Jerry Nickelsburg
{"title":"How do airlines cut fuel usage, reducing their carbon emissions?","authors":"Jan K. Brueckner ,&nbsp;Matthew E. Kahn ,&nbsp;Jerry Nickelsburg","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Airline fuel consumption is costly for the firms and for society as well due to a climate-change externality. We study how fuel-price changes affect cost-minimizing choices by airlines that have implications for the extent of this externality. The airline industry’s capital stock can be easily inventoried as a set of long-lived, durable aircraft. This portfolio approach allows us to study the utilization and composition of the capital stock at a highly disaggregated level. Changes in airline operations directed toward conserving fuel can be an important path toward lower emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140821939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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