Economics of Transportation最新文献

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Can time-inconsistent preferences explain hypothetical biases? 时间不一致的偏好能解释假设的偏见吗?
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100207
Ondřej Krčál , Stefanie Peer , Rostislav Staněk
{"title":"Can time-inconsistent preferences explain hypothetical biases?","authors":"Ondřej Krčál ,&nbsp;Stefanie Peer ,&nbsp;Rostislav Staněk","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate whether the value of time<span> (VOT) depends on when the corresponding preferences are measured: in advance, just before, or after the time period for which the time preferences are being evaluated. We find that the VOT is highest when elicited just before the time period. This is an indication of the VOT being affected by time-inconsistent, and more specifically, present-biased preferences. We argue that this result may explain why time valuations based on stated preference (SP) data are typically found to be lower than those based on revealed preference (RP) data: most RP surveys evaluate the preferences of respondents close to the time period for which the preferences are being measured, whereas the time instances for which preferences are evaluated in SP surveys tend to be more abstract, or referencing past or future time periods.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45503360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Optimization of the cost of urban traffic through an online bidding platform for commuters 通过面向通勤者的在线竞价平台优化城市交通成本
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100208
Jacek Filipowski , Bogumił Kamiński , Atefeh Mashatan , Paweł Prałat , Przemysław Szufel
{"title":"Optimization of the cost of urban traffic through an online bidding platform for commuters","authors":"Jacek Filipowski ,&nbsp;Bogumił Kamiński ,&nbsp;Atefeh Mashatan ,&nbsp;Paweł Prałat ,&nbsp;Przemysław Szufel","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we consider the problem of increasing efficiency of a transportation system through optimizing the behavior of commuters. The assumption is that the time spent in the traffic can be represented by a monetary value and hence introduction of monetary compensations can lead to a more efficient organization of the transportation system. In our model, heterogeneous travelers differently assess the value of their time spent in congestion, hence it is presumably viable to reduce traffic in the most congested streets by introducing a bidding mechanism that will allow the participants who have a lower monetary value of time<span> to receive a compensation financed by the group of commuters that have a higher value of time spend in congestion. We start by presenting a design of a bidding system for optimal allocation of traffic. We analyze the properties of the proposed algorithm and show that it leads to a more efficient allocation of vehicles than the theoretical allocation that could be achieved in the Nash Equilibrium of an uncontrolled transportation network. Subsequently, we verify the proposed auction design via an agent-based simulation model representing the Manhattan area of New York City. The results of our simulation confirm theoretical findings that the introduction of the proposed auction mechanism in a real city settings leads to a more efficient allocation of routes or means of transportation chosen by commuters.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47995576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Transport taxes and subsidies in developing countries: The effect of income inequality aversion 发展中国家的交通税和补贴:收入不平等厌恶的影响
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100206
Alejandro Tirachini , Stef Proost
{"title":"Transport taxes and subsidies in developing countries: The effect of income inequality aversion","authors":"Alejandro Tirachini ,&nbsp;Stef Proost","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>We propose a marginal tax reform model that includes both formal and informal sectors in the economy, traffic externalities (congestion, pollution, crashes and noise) and distributional concerns. The marginal cost of public funds (MCF) is derived for fuel </span>taxes and </span>public transport<span> subsidies. The model is applied to Santiago, Chile. If MCFs are computed only taking economic efficiency into account, a revenue neutral reform within the transport sector suggests increasing the car cost and reducing the bus fare in peak periods, and reducing the car cost and increasing the bus fare in off-peak periods. However, including income inequality aversion leads to suggesting lower bus fares and higher car costs in both peak and off-peak periods, significantly changing the economic assessment of current tax and subsidy instruments. The inclusion of traffic externalities has a large effect on the MCF for fuel tax and a mild effect on MCF for bus subsidy.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
A review of public transport economics 公共交通经济学综述
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100196
Daniel Hörcher , Alejandro Tirachini
{"title":"A review of public transport economics","authors":"Daniel Hörcher ,&nbsp;Alejandro Tirachini","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Public transport provision requires substantial organisational efforts, careful planning, financial contributions from the public, and coordination between millions of passengers and staff members in large systems. Efficient resource allocation is critical in its daily operations. Therefore, public transport has been among the most popular subjects in transport economics since the infancy of this discipline. This paper presents an overview of the literature developed over the past half century, including more than 300 important contributions. With a strong methodological orientation, it collects, classifies, and compares the frequently used analytical modelling techniques, thus providing a cookbook for future research and learning efforts. We discuss key findings on optimal capacity provision, pricing, cost recovery and subsidies, externalities, private operations, public service regulation, and cross-cutting subjects, such as interlinks with urban economics, political economy, and emerging mobility technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2021.100196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137399693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who gains and who loses from congestion pricing in a monocentric city with a bottleneck? 在一个存在瓶颈的单中心城市,拥堵收费对谁有利,对谁不利?
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100189
Yuki Takayama
{"title":"Who gains and who loses from congestion pricing in a monocentric city with a bottleneck?","authors":"Yuki Takayama","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops a model in which heterogeneous commuters choose their residential locations and departure times from home in a monocentric city with a bottleneck. We show that commuters sort themselves both temporally and spatially according to their value of time<span> and flexibility at the equilibria with and without optimal congestion pricing. These two equilibria exhibit fundamentally different properties, indicating that congestion pricing alters the urban spatial structure. We then consider two cases wherein richer commuters are either more flexible or less flexible and demonstrate that (a) congestion pricing makes cities denser and more compact in the former, whereas it causes cities to become less dense and to expand spatially in the latter; (b) in both cases, pricing helps rich commuters but hurts poor commuters. We further reveal that expanding capacity financed by the revenue from congestion pricing could be regressive in a city where richer commuters are less flexible.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49266825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A new look at the value of leisure in two-worker households 对两名工人家庭休闲价值的新看法
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100193
Sergio Jara-Díaz, Diego Candia
{"title":"A new look at the value of leisure in two-worker households","authors":"Sergio Jara-Díaz,&nbsp;Diego Candia","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We depart from the individual view behind those time allocation models aimed at the calculation of the value of leisure (VoL) when dealing with two-worker households, as this (prevailing) view requires approximations and assumptions that do not hold well. As the existing theories that consider the household deals with time allocation but not with time values, we propose an integration of some elements of both theories, generating a model with a collective view from which the VoL can be obtained. We argue theoretically that this model yields larger VoL and contains elements that should diminish the possible gap in VoL between the workers. The improved model is applied using Chilean data verifying its theoretical properties at various levels and correcting counterintuitive results obtained with the individual model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48812028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Discriminations in the market for “Lemons”: A multicriteria correspondence test in France “柠檬”市场的歧视:法国的多标准函授测试
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100192
Souleymane Mbaye , Mathieu Bunel , Yannick L'Horty , Pascale Petit , Loïc du Parquet
{"title":"Discriminations in the market for “Lemons”: A multicriteria correspondence test in France","authors":"Souleymane Mbaye ,&nbsp;Mathieu Bunel ,&nbsp;Yannick L'Horty ,&nbsp;Pascale Petit ,&nbsp;Loïc du Parquet","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The existence of discrimination by the sellers of second-hand cars is a little studied subject, whereas the possibility of acquiring a car conditions multiple aspects of economic and social life. In this article, we apply the correspondence test method to the purchase of a used car in order to measure the extent of discrimination in this market according to the ethnic origin, gender, place of residence and age of the applicant. We constructed six profiles of fictitious individuals, perfectly similar except for their age, gender, origin indicated by the consonance of their surname and first name or place of residence. Between January and May 2015, we used these fictitious profiles to respond to 489 used car sales ads located in Ile-de- France. Statistical analysis of the responses to these tests reveals the existence of discrimination according to gender and place of residence. The analysis shows that information based discrimination prevails on the second-hand car market rather than taste based discriminations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47633379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Workplace parking policies in an agglomeration: An illustration for Barcelona 集聚区工作场所停车政策:以巴塞罗那为例
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100194
Aleix Pons-Rigat , Stef Proost , Mateu Turró
{"title":"Workplace parking policies in an agglomeration: An illustration for Barcelona","authors":"Aleix Pons-Rigat ,&nbsp;Stef Proost ,&nbsp;Mateu Turró","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This paper studies the role of workplace parking policies and illustrates it for the Barcelona agglomeration. We adapt the Brueckner and Franco (2018) analytical model for Western European cities by adding agglomeration externalities, </span>public transport congestion and underground parking. Workers can choose to locate in the city centre or in the suburbs. Commuting to the city centre requires either commuting by car and parking or public transport. Two policies to address inefficiencies of employer-paid parking are compared: employee-paid parking and a workplace parking levy. It is shown how employee-paid parking generates additional </span>agglomeration economies, while a workplace parking levy may have opposite effects. The numerical illustration for Barcelona indicates that the welfare effects of workplace parking policies in a second-best setting are dominated by agglomeration effects. These are three times larger than the welfare changes in the transport and land use markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47925951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Quantifying the impacts of air transportation on economic productivity: a quasi-experimental causal analysis 量化航空运输对经济生产力的影响:准实验因果分析
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100195
Jose M. Carbo , Daniel J. Graham
{"title":"Quantifying the impacts of air transportation on economic productivity: a quasi-experimental causal analysis","authors":"Jose M. Carbo ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Graham","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air transport capacity expansions are often justified on the grounds that they will improve economic performance and induce growth. Such causal impacts are hard to identify empirically due to the fundamentally endogenous nature of the relationship between air transport and the economy. This paper contributes to the empirical literature on aviation-economy effects by conducting a case study of the impacts of air transportation activity on productivity in Chinese provinces. For exogenous variation we exploit a policy scenario created by the 2003 deregulation of the Chinese aviation sector, which was applied in all provinces of China except Beijing and Tibet. We find that this policy intervention resulted in substantial growth in air transport passengers and cargo. We estimate the causal effect of air transport on productivity by comparing GDP per employee in Tibet relative to a synthetic control region affected by the deregulation policy. We find a significant positive productivity effect from aviation expansion following the 2003 deregulation. Use of a differences-in-differences specification confirms this result.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47047438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Hyperdemand: A static traffic model with backward-bending demand curves 超需求:需求曲线后弯的静态交通模型
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100182
Lewis J. Lehe, Ayush Pandey
{"title":"Hyperdemand: A static traffic model with backward-bending demand curves","authors":"Lewis J. Lehe,&nbsp;Ayush Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Static traffic models, in the tradition of Walters (1961), typically feature a ‘‘demand curve’’ giving the vehicle flow demanded for each unit travel time (inverse speed). Traditionally, the demand curve declines because people want to drive more as travel times fall. This paper proposes that the vehicle flow demanded can, instead, plausibly </span><em>rise</em> with unit travel time (a phenomenon we call ‘‘hyperdemand’’), if congestion somehow induces some people to switch from high-to low-occupancy modes. To illustrate, we present a model of travel in an isotropic downtown where people choose among not traveling, a low-occupancy mode called ‘‘Alone’’ and a high-occupancy mode called ‘‘Pool.’’ Pool trips detour to pick up and drop off passengers en route, so congestion delays them more than Alone trips. Consequently, multiple equilibria can arise even in ‘‘light congestion,’’ and small toll increases can have dramatic impacts by eliminating equilibria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49532939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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