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Local government co-financing of the central government's transport infrastructure investment 地方政府共同出资中央政府的交通基础设施投资
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.03.001
Johanna Jussila Hammes , Svante Mandell
{"title":"Local government co-financing of the central government's transport infrastructure investment","authors":"Johanna Jussila Hammes ,&nbsp;Svante Mandell","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study two districts’ voluntary co-financing of a centrally provided public good, e.g., transport infrastructure. Outcomes are compared to a surplus-maximizing level of public good provision. We show that both co-financing and lobbying raise the amount of public good provided. Co-financing and lobbying are substitutes. Co-financing (or co-financing combined with lobbying) raises the provision of the public good to a higher level than lobbying alone. Co-financing can thus reduce rent-seeking. Finally, we show that under uncertainty about district type (high or low benefit), co-financing combined with lobbying can be used to find and retain a separating equilibrium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 40-49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47600151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Bad weather and flight delays: The impact of sudden and slow onset weather events 恶劣天气和航班延误:突发和缓慢发生的天气事件的影响
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.02.002
Stefan Borsky , Christian Unterberger
{"title":"Bad weather and flight delays: The impact of sudden and slow onset weather events","authors":"Stefan Borsky ,&nbsp;Christian Unterberger","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Weather shocks frequently impair the smooth functioning of transportation systems. We use a dataset consisting of 2.14 million flight departures from ten large U.S. airports between January 2012 and September 2017, and estimate the effects sudden onset events, i.e., precipitation and wind, and slow onset events, i.e., temperature, have on departure delay. For sudden onset events, we apply a difference-in-difference framework that allows for inferences at the hourly level. The effects of slow onset events on departure delay are estimated based on a Prais Winstein estimator with panel-corrected standard errors. Our estimates show a significant increase in departure delay of up to 23 min depending on the weather type and intensity of the disturbance. Given the social costs of schedule delays, these results are of high economic importance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 10-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 60
Cost-benefit analysis of transport improvements in the presence of spillovers, matching and an income tax 在存在溢出效应、匹配和所得税的情况下，运输改善的成本效益分析
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.02.001
Jonas Eliasson , Mogens Fosgerau
{"title":"Cost-benefit analysis of transport improvements in the presence of spillovers, matching and an income tax","authors":"Jonas Eliasson ,&nbsp;Mogens Fosgerau","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper addresses the problem of measuring the welfare benefits of a transport improvement. We formulate and analyze a rich spatial model that allows for spillovers, matching and income tax, in a setting with multiple work and residential locations and very general worker heterogeneity. The conventional </span>consumer surplus<span> captures part of the benefits and is calculated based on predictions of changes in travel demand and transport costs. The issue is to determine which so-called wider impacts to add to this. We find that adding the change in total output as a wider impact leads to double-counting of benefits. The output change due to spillovers should be added, while the output change due to matching is already partly included in the consumer surplus. These results are useful for applied cost-benefit analysis of transport policies.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48075267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Agglomeration, productivity and the role of transport system improvements 集聚、生产力和运输系统改善的作用
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.12.002
Maria Börjesson , Gunnar Isacsson , Matts Andersson , Christer Anderstig
{"title":"Agglomeration, productivity and the role of transport system improvements","authors":"Maria Börjesson ,&nbsp;Gunnar Isacsson ,&nbsp;Matts Andersson ,&nbsp;Christer Anderstig","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We explore how transport improvements impact agglomeration defined as accessibility and thereby productivity in mid-Sweden including Stockholm 1995–2006. We apply an accessibility index derived from a multi-modal transport model. This is a more accurate measure of agglomeration than those previously used and also necessary for understanding how governments can impact agglomeration, and thereby productivity, by transport investments. We regress temporal changes in wages on temporal changes in agglomeration by applying a FE<span> estimator. We deal with the potential endogeneity using a novel instrumental variable. Our best estimates of the agglomeration elasticity on productivity lie within the interval 0.028–0.035.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 27-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.12.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45258558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Are passengers compensated for incurring an airport layover? Estimating the value of layover time in the U.S. airline industry 旅客在机场停留是否会得到补偿?估计美国航空业停留时间的价值
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.11.002
Alexander Luttmann
{"title":"Are passengers compensated for incurring an airport layover? Estimating the value of layover time in the U.S. airline industry","authors":"Alexander Luttmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>American, Delta, and United have organized their operations into extensive hub-and-spoke networks that typically require passengers originating and concluding travel in non-hub cities to board a connecting flight at a hub en route to the final destination. From the passenger perspective, layovers are detrimental since the addition to total travel time relative to a nonstop itinerary is a cost incurred by the passenger. An airline is able to reduce a passenger's layover time by narrowing the gap between flights at the connecting airport. However, narrowing this flight gap has the adverse effect of increasing airport congestion. Taking these perspectives into account, it is clear that layover time influences a prospective passenger's purchasing decision and an airline's flight scheduling decision. Using published fare and itinerary data from Google Flights, this paper provides insight into both decisions by providing empirical estimates on the value of layover time in the U.S. airline </span>industry. This paper finds that passengers are compensated with a fare that is $42.74-$47.60 cheaper per hour of layover time. Of the three dominant legacy carriers, United passengers are found to be compensated at an even higher rate of $61.89 per hour.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137149236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soft budgets and endogenous renegotiations in transport PPPs: An equilibrium analysis 运输ppp中的软预算和内生再谈判:一个均衡分析
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.12.003
Eduardo M.R:A. Engel , Ronald Fischer , Alexander Galetovic
{"title":"Soft budgets and endogenous renegotiations in transport PPPs: An equilibrium analysis","authors":"Eduardo M.R:A. Engel ,&nbsp;Ronald Fischer ,&nbsp;Alexander Galetovic","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.12.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47229419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
The economics of parking occupancy sensors 停车占用传感器的经济性
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.11.001
Roman Zakharenko
{"title":"The economics of parking occupancy sensors","authors":"Roman Zakharenko","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parking occupancy sensors are devices that assist search of vacant parking. The interplay between two government policies, installation of sensors and pricing parking, is studied. When parking is congested and the uniform price is optimal, installation of sensors raises the price, increases turnover of parking. If price discrimination is considered, sensored parking should be cheaper than non-sensored. To achieve optimal search of vacant parking, it is sufficient to equip only a fraction of parking with sensors. Underpriced parking may dampen the sensor installation incentive, relative to the incentive to build extra parking. Nevertheless, in absolute terms the sensor installation incentive is substantial even with free parking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 14-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43253920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
How do slot restrictions affect airfares? New evidence from the US airline industry 时段限制如何影响机票价格?来自美国航空业的新证据
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.01.001
Hideki Fukui
{"title":"How do slot restrictions affect airfares? New evidence from the US airline industry","authors":"Hideki Fukui","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the impact of slot restrictions as a determinant of scarcity rent. I took advantage of an exogenous regulatory change: the removal of slots at Newark Airport in October 2016. The results from the difference-in-differences estimation with and without propensity score matching or weighting methods suggest that after the slot removal at Newark Airport, the average fare on routes to or from Newark decreased by about 2.5–2.6% in comparison to the average fare on routes to or from the two other slot-controlled New York-area airports. The estimation results from modified models suggest that the key driver lowering airfares on routes to or from Newark after the slot elimination was carriers other than the dominant carrier at Newark, though even the dominant carrier, United Airlines, appears to be making price cuts to counteract other carriers’ aggressive price reductions on competitive routes. Overall, the estimation results suggest that slot restrictions limit the effect of competition on airfare.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 51-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47016978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
A game theory model for freight service provision security investments for high-value cargo 高价值货物货运服务提供安全投资的博弈论模型
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.09.002
Anna Nagurney , Shivani Shukla , Ladimer S. Nagurney , Sara Saberi
{"title":"A game theory model for freight service provision security investments for high-value cargo","authors":"Anna Nagurney ,&nbsp;Shivani Shukla ,&nbsp;Ladimer S. Nagurney ,&nbsp;Sara Saberi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this paper, we develop a game theory model in which freight service providers seek to maximize their expected utility by competing for business from shippers and also investing in security. The focus is on high-value cargo, which has been the target of attacks globally. Shippers reflect their preferences for freight service providers through the prices they are willing to pay which depend on quantities shipped and security levels invested in. The Nash Equilibrium is formulated as a variational </span>inequality problem for which existence is guaranteed. Numerical examples illustrate the framework and give essential freight security investment policy related information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45482343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Partial peak-load pricing of a transportation bottleneck with homogeneous and heterogeneous values of time 具有均匀和非均匀时间值的交通瓶颈部分峰载定价
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.08.001
Ralph M. Braid
{"title":"Partial peak-load pricing of a transportation bottleneck with homogeneous and heterogeneous values of time","authors":"Ralph M. Braid","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The first-best solution for a transportation bottleneck is to impose a first-best peak-load toll that varies continuously over time, reaching its maximum value at the most desirable crossing time. This eliminates all wasteful queueing. With homogeneous </span>values of time, the private costs of consumers are unchanged, but the large maximum value of the first-best toll may make it politically infeasible. In this paper, I consider continuously time-varying partial peak-load tolls that have a much lower maximum value, but which still achieve a large fraction of the efficiency gain of the first-best toll. With heterogeneous values of time, a partial peak-load toll can leave all consumers with unchanged or decreased private costs even when the first-best toll does not do this.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2018.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46076030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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