Economics of Transportation最新文献

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Effects of asymmetric demands on airline scheduling decisions in a network 需求不对称对网络中航班调度决策的影响
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100169
Sarah Thomaz
{"title":"Effects of asymmetric demands on airline scheduling decisions in a network","authors":"Sarah Thomaz","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the flight-frequency choices of a monopoly airline serving a hub-and-spoke network with asymmetric demands. In the 3-city hub-and-spoke network, demand is allowed to differ across markets. Analysis is done separately for two distinct passenger types: those who assign zero cost to layovers, and those who assign a very high cost. Both cases result in a higher flight frequency on the higher-demand spoke. Using a simulation, the flight-frequency choices for the two models are compared, and results show that the difference between the flight-frequency choices on the high and low demand spokes is smaller in the high-cost-layover case than in the zero-cost case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The marginal cost of track renewals in the Swedish railway network: Using data to compare methods 瑞典铁路网轨道更新的边际成本:用数据比较方法
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100170
Kristofer Odolinski, Jan-Eric Nilsson, Sherzod Yarmukhamedov, Mattias Haraldsson
{"title":"The marginal cost of track renewals in the Swedish railway network: Using data to compare methods","authors":"Kristofer Odolinski,&nbsp;Jan-Eric Nilsson,&nbsp;Sherzod Yarmukhamedov,&nbsp;Mattias Haraldsson","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We analyze the differences between corner solution and survival models in estimating the marginal cost of track renewals. Both approaches describe the renewal process in intuitively similar ways but have several methodological distinctions. Using Swedish data for the 1999–2016 period, results suggest the median marginal costs per gross ton-km from corner solution and survival models are SEK 0.0066 and SEK 0.0031, respectively. Since several European countries use information about marginal costs as a basis for track user charges, the choice of estimation method is obviously important. Our conclusion is that the corner solution model is more appropriate in this case, as this method considers the impact traffic has both on the probability of renewal and on the size of the renewal cost. The survival approach does not consider the latter as part of the estimations, which is problematic when we have systematic cost variations due to traffic and infrastructure characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45724370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The role of labor-supply margins in shaping optimal transport taxes 劳动力供给边际在形成最优运输税中的作用
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100156
Georg Hirte, Stefan Tscharaktschiew
{"title":"The role of labor-supply margins in shaping optimal transport taxes","authors":"Georg Hirte,&nbsp;Stefan Tscharaktschiew","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transportation economists apply different labor supply models when examining transport pricing<span>: (i) endogenous working hours; (ii) endogenous workdays; (iii) labor supply as a residual. We study whether the optimal level of transport taxes that changes the relative cost of labor supply margins is robust against the model applied. We find surprisingly strong differences in the level of optimal fuel and miles taxes and even variation in the sign of the Ramsey terms. For instance, the US and UK optimal fuel taxes vary up to 19% and 15% and the Ramsey terms up to 73% and 130%. Finally, we develop a recommendation for research on all issues that include decisions on commuting trips: Researchers should apply both a model of endogenous working hours and a model of endogenous workdays because the first provides the upper limit and the second the lower limit for optimal tax levels and Pigouvian and Ramsey terms.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49626641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
MaaS economics: Should we fight car ownership with subscriptions to alternative modes? MaaS经济学:我们是否应该通过订阅替代模式来对抗汽车拥有率?
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100167
Daniel Hörcher , Daniel J. Graham
{"title":"MaaS economics: Should we fight car ownership with subscriptions to alternative modes?","authors":"Daniel Hörcher ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Graham","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proponents of the <em>Mobility as a Service</em> concept claim that subscriptions to alternative modes can effectively reduce car ownership and the adverse effects of underpriced car use. We test this hypothesis in a microeconomic model with endogenous mode choice as well as car and subscription ownership. The model contains congestible urban rail and car sharing options as substitutes of underpriced private car use. We find that aggregate car ownership is not a reliable proxy for road congestion: subscriptions may reduce car ownership while increasing the vehicle miles travelled by remaining car owners. Subscriptions induce welfare losses for two reasons. First, pass holders overconsume the alternative modes, as the marginal fare they face drops to zero. Second, non-pass holders tend to shift to car use due to the crowding induced by pass holders, causing additional distortions. We illustrate numerically that differentiated pricing is more efficient in achieving the goals of MaaS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
A three-stage competition game in an air transport network under asymmetric valuation of flight frequencies 航班频率不对称估值下航空运输网络中的三阶段竞争博弈
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100141
Óscar Álvarez-Sanjaime , Pedro Cantos-Sánchez , Rafael Moner-Colonques , Jose J. Sempere-Monerris
{"title":"A three-stage competition game in an air transport network under asymmetric valuation of flight frequencies","authors":"Óscar Álvarez-Sanjaime ,&nbsp;Pedro Cantos-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Rafael Moner-Colonques ,&nbsp;Jose J. Sempere-Monerris","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the effects of changes in aeronautical charges as brought by several airport management regimes on the air transport industry. Airlines compete on both price and non-prices variables, where connecting passengers have asymmetric valuations of flight frequencies in different legs. Changes in landing fees trigger airlines reactions on flight frequencies and airfares, whose sign depends on the weight attached to flight frequencies. Thus, an increase in the spoke landing fee leads to more international flights under low valuations of frequencies at spoke airports. Simulation exercises show that profit-maximizing aeronautical charges only at the spoke airport are preferable to those either only at the hub airport or at both airports. Welfare losses are lower when airports are granted to a unique infrastructure manager rather than to independent ones. When frequencies in the hub are highly valued, profit-maximizing charges only at the spoke airport will likely induce a welfare increase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54162262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
When consumer type matters: Price effects of the United-Continental merger in the airline industry 当消费者类型很重要时:联合大陆航空公司合并对航空业的价格影响
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100154
Haobin Fan
{"title":"When consumer type matters: Price effects of the United-Continental merger in the airline industry","authors":"Haobin Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies of airline mergers<span> have largely focused on measuring the impact of mergers on average airfares. As a result, they may not sufficiently reveal the full range of price effects given the complexity of this industry. To address such industry intricacy, I investigate prices of merging firms and their rivals in response to the United-Continental merger on three types of routes: those include one or both endpoint airports as merging firms’ hubs (hub routes), those primarily consisting of price-sensitive leisure travelers (leisure routes), and those more likely to have both price-insensitive business passengers and leisure consumers (big-city routes). Results show that on hub routes, the merger creates hub premiums for merging firms and benefit legacy rivals rather than low-cost carrier rivals to raise fares. On big-city routes, the merging firms increase fares for business travelers but not for leisure passengers, and reduce prices for leisure travelers on leisure routes. Their legacy rivals increase fares on leisure routes but not on big-city routes. This finding suggests that a critical reason for inconsistent conclusions in previous research may be the failure to consider details of the airline industry.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44189647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The economics of automated public transport: Effects on operator cost, travel time, fare and subsidy 自动化公共交通的经济学:对运营商成本、出行时间、票价和补贴的影响
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100151
Alejandro Tirachini , Constantinos Antoniou
{"title":"The economics of automated public transport: Effects on operator cost, travel time, fare and subsidy","authors":"Alejandro Tirachini ,&nbsp;Constantinos Antoniou","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is currently unknown in which city environments, automated vehicles<span> could be deployed at reasonable speeds, given safety concerns. We analytically and numerically assess the impact of automation for optimal vehicle size, service frequency, fare, subsidy and degree of economies of scale<span>, by developing a model that is applied for electric vehicles, with data from Chile and Germany, taken as illustrative examples of developed and developing countries. Automation scenarios include cases with partial driving cost savings and reduced running speed for automated vehicles. We find that a potential reduction in vehicle operating cost due to automation benefits operators, through a reduction of operator costs, and also benefits public transport users, through a reduction on waiting times and on the optimal fare per trip. The optimal subsidy per trip is also reduced. The benefits of vehicle automation are greater in countries where drivers’ salaries are larger.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43755842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
Tradable permit schemes for congestible facilities with uncertain supply and demand 供应和需求不确定的拥挤设施的可交易许可证计划
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100149
André de Palma , Robin Lindsey
{"title":"Tradable permit schemes for congestible facilities with uncertain supply and demand","authors":"André de Palma ,&nbsp;Robin Lindsey","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>It is well known that price and quantity regulation are not equivalent under uncertainty. This asymmetry has been a factor in the debate about whether to use taxes or </span>Tradable Permit Schemes (TPS) for controlling </span>greenhouse gas emissions. We analyze the allocative efficiency of a TPS for a congestible facility such as an airport, a road, a recreational area, or a museum that experiences supply and demand shocks. The number of permits issued cannot depend on the state. We compare the efficiency of a TPS and a congestion fee when the level of the fee is similarly constrained to be the same across states. When demand and cost curves are linear, a fee outperforms a TPS for several combinations of additive and/or multiplicative demand and cost shocks. More generally, the ranking depends on the nature and magnitude of demand and cost shocks, the elasticity of the cost function, and whether or not the permit requirement always binds. A TPS tends to perform well when first-best usage levels are similar across states. Analogously, a fee is relatively efficient if first-best fees are similar across states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48551865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Congestion in midtown Manhattan in relation to marginal cost pricing 曼哈顿中城拥堵与边际成本定价的关系
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100152
William Vickrey
{"title":"Congestion in midtown Manhattan in relation to marginal cost pricing","authors":"William Vickrey","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48908192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Effectiveness of car scrappage schemes: Counterfactual-based evidence on the Italian experience 汽车报废计划的有效性:意大利经验的反事实证据
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术
Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100150
Giovanni Marin , Roberto Zoboli
{"title":"Effectiveness of car scrappage schemes: Counterfactual-based evidence on the Italian experience","authors":"Giovanni Marin ,&nbsp;Roberto Zoboli","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Car scrappage schemes are generally introduced to upgrade the car fleet to reduce environmental pressures from private transportation. The aim of this paper is to present a combined use of two counterfactual techniques (RDD and DiD) to quantify the impact of Italian car scrappage schemes of 2007–2009 on the deregistration of cars. The empirical assessment of the policy effectiveness is made possible by a discontinuity in the age of cars that were eligible for the subsidy. In the DiD model we also introduce a variable on ‘product innovation’ in the car market as a factor that determines scrappage timing. Results, based on detailed information on the car fleet and the deregistration of cars in Italy, suggest no impact for the 2007 and 2008 schemes and a large impact for the 2009 scheme, which was based on rather high incentives. Results are robust to both counterfactual approaches and to different tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42924477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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