Economics of Transportation最新文献_第10页

Beyond the Mohring effect: Scale economies induced by transit lines structures design 莫林效应之外:由交通线路结构设计引起的规模经济

IF 2.8 3区工程技术

Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100163

Andrés Fielbaum, Sergio Jara-Diaz, Antonio Gschwender

{"title":"Beyond the Mohring effect: Scale economies induced by transit lines structures design","authors":"Andrés Fielbaum, Sergio Jara-Diaz, Antonio Gschwender","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this paper we study how the spatial arrangement of transit lines (lines structure) influences scale economies<span> in public transport. First we show that the degree of scale economies (</span></span><em>DSE</em>) increases discretely whenever passenger volume induces a change in lines structure. The technical elements behind this are explained by using a new three-dimensional concept called directness, encompassing number of transfers, number of stops and passenger route lengths. This is first exemplified in a simple ad-hoc network, and then applied to examine the structural changes that occur in the design of transit lines in a fairly general representation of a city. We show that directness increases whenever lines structure changes as a response to larger demand volumes - increasing <em>DSE</em><span> at the particular value of flow where this change occurs - because systems with more direct lines for each OD pair diminish in-vehicle times while increasing waiting times mildly, such that users are benefited by lower travel times and operators are benefited by lower idle capacity. After the change, however, </span><em>DSE</em> decreases within the demand range where the new line structure is maintained, just as in the one line model. The possibility of deciding the line structure introduces directness as a new source of economies of scale which are finally exhausted after full directness is achieved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46883854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Effects of asymmetric demands on airline scheduling decisions in a network 需求不对称对网络中航班调度决策的影响

IF 2.8 3区工程技术

Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100169

Sarah Thomaz

引用次数: 1

The marginal cost of track renewals in the Swedish railway network: Using data to compare methods 瑞典铁路网轨道更新的边际成本:用数据比较方法

IF 2.8 3区工程技术

Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100170

Kristofer Odolinski, Jan-Eric Nilsson, Sherzod Yarmukhamedov, Mattias Haraldsson

引用次数: 2

The role of labor-supply margins in shaping optimal transport taxes 劳动力供给边际在形成最优运输税中的作用

IF 2.8 3区工程技术

Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100156

Georg Hirte, Stefan Tscharaktschiew

引用次数: 11

MaaS economics: Should we fight car ownership with subscriptions to alternative modes? MaaS经济学:我们是否应该通过订阅替代模式来对抗汽车拥有率?

IF 2.8 3区工程技术

Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100167

Daniel Hörcher , Daniel J. Graham

引用次数: 28

A three-stage competition game in an air transport network under asymmetric valuation of flight frequencies 航班频率不对称估值下航空运输网络中的三阶段竞争博弈

IF 2.8 3区工程技术

Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100141

Óscar Álvarez-Sanjaime , Pedro Cantos-Sánchez , Rafael Moner-Colonques , Jose J. Sempere-Monerris

{"title":"A three-stage competition game in an air transport network under asymmetric valuation of flight frequencies","authors":"Óscar Álvarez-Sanjaime , Pedro Cantos-Sánchez , Rafael Moner-Colonques , Jose J. Sempere-Monerris","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the effects of changes in aeronautical charges as brought by several airport management regimes on the air transport industry. Airlines compete on both price and non-prices variables, where connecting passengers have asymmetric valuations of flight frequencies in different legs. Changes in landing fees trigger airlines reactions on flight frequencies and airfares, whose sign depends on the weight attached to flight frequencies. Thus, an increase in the spoke landing fee leads to more international flights under low valuations of frequencies at spoke airports. Simulation exercises show that profit-maximizing aeronautical charges only at the spoke airport are preferable to those either only at the hub airport or at both airports. Welfare losses are lower when airports are granted to a unique infrastructure manager rather than to independent ones. When frequencies in the hub are highly valued, profit-maximizing charges only at the spoke airport will likely induce a welfare increase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54162262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

When consumer type matters: Price effects of the United-Continental merger in the airline industry 当消费者类型很重要时：联合大陆航空公司合并对航空业的价格影响

IF 2.8 3区工程技术

Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100154

Haobin Fan

{"title":"When consumer type matters: Price effects of the United-Continental merger in the airline industry","authors":"Haobin Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies of airline mergers<span> have largely focused on measuring the impact of mergers on average airfares. As a result, they may not sufficiently reveal the full range of price effects given the complexity of this industry. To address such industry intricacy, I investigate prices of merging firms and their rivals in response to the United-Continental merger on three types of routes: those include one or both endpoint airports as merging firms’ hubs (hub routes), those primarily consisting of price-sensitive leisure travelers (leisure routes), and those more likely to have both price-insensitive business passengers and leisure consumers (big-city routes). Results show that on hub routes, the merger creates hub premiums for merging firms and benefit legacy rivals rather than low-cost carrier rivals to raise fares. On big-city routes, the merging firms increase fares for business travelers but not for leisure passengers, and reduce prices for leisure travelers on leisure routes. Their legacy rivals increase fares on leisure routes but not on big-city routes. This finding suggests that a critical reason for inconsistent conclusions in previous research may be the failure to consider details of the airline industry.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44189647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The economics of automated public transport: Effects on operator cost, travel time, fare and subsidy 自动化公共交通的经济学:对运营商成本、出行时间、票价和补贴的影响

IF 2.8 3区工程技术

Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100151

Alejandro Tirachini , Constantinos Antoniou

引用次数: 53

Tradable permit schemes for congestible facilities with uncertain supply and demand 供应和需求不确定的拥挤设施的可交易许可证计划

IF 2.8 3区工程技术

Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100149

André de Palma , Robin Lindsey

{"title":"Tradable permit schemes for congestible facilities with uncertain supply and demand","authors":"André de Palma , Robin Lindsey","doi":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>It is well known that price and quantity regulation are not equivalent under uncertainty. This asymmetry has been a factor in the debate about whether to use taxes or </span>Tradable Permit Schemes (TPS) for controlling </span>greenhouse gas emissions. We analyze the allocative efficiency of a TPS for a congestible facility such as an airport, a road, a recreational area, or a museum that experiences supply and demand shocks. The number of permits issued cannot depend on the state. We compare the efficiency of a TPS and a congestion fee when the level of the fee is similarly constrained to be the same across states. When demand and cost curves are linear, a fee outperforms a TPS for several combinations of additive and/or multiplicative demand and cost shocks. More generally, the ranking depends on the nature and magnitude of demand and cost shocks, the elasticity of the cost function, and whether or not the permit requirement always binds. A TPS tends to perform well when first-best usage levels are similar across states. Analogously, a fee is relatively efficient if first-best fees are similar across states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45761,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transportation","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48551865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Congestion in midtown Manhattan in relation to marginal cost pricing 曼哈顿中城拥堵与边际成本定价的关系

IF 2.8 3区工程技术

Economics of Transportation Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100152

William Vickrey

引用次数: 35