International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Review of different methods used for clinical recognition and assessment of pain in dogs and cats","authors":"I. Hernández-Ávalos, D. Mota-Rojas, P. Mora-Medina, J. Martínez-Burnes, Alejandro Casas Alvarado, Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza, K. Lezama-García, A. Olmos-Hernández","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2019.1680044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2019.1680044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In light of the need to perform surgical techniques and the importance of animal welfare because of acute pain, the objectives of the veterinary anaesthetists are to manage muscle relaxation and adequate analgesia in order to conserve a balance in the autonomic nervous system, enhance the action of the parasympathetic system in the face of the emerging action of the sympathetic portion provoked by the surgeon, and maintain a balance among them. The aim of the present review is to describe different evaluation criteria for acute pain using unidimensional and multidimensional scales, correlating these findings to parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) and bispectral index (BIS) assessment, to conduct an objective evaluation of pain that patients (dog or cat) perceives, in order to administrate an adequate analgesic treatment in each case. In conclusion, this integral, objective evaluation will allow veterinarians – especially anaesthesiologists – to improve the management of pain in the patients.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"70 1","pages":"43 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77398539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular pathogenic and host range determinants of reassortant Egyptian low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 viruses from backyard chicken","authors":"A. Samir, Amany Adel, A. Arafa, H. Sultan, H. A. Hussein Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2019.1637046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2019.1637046","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the introduction of H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus in Egypt, it became an endemic disease causing considerable economic losses in different poultry sectors especially in the presence of other secondary bacterial and viral infections. The H9N2 viruses in Egypt are in continuous evolution that needs deep analysis for their evolution pattern based on the genetic constitutions of the pathogenic determinant genes (HA, PB2, PB1, PA, and NS). In this work, samples were collected from the backyard chickens from 3 Egyptian governorates. Five selected viruses were sequenced and analyzed for the hemagglutinin gene which showed genetic relatedness to the Asian G1 lineage group B, similar to the circulating H9N2 viruses in Egypt since 2013. The sequence for PB2, PB1, PA, HA and NS genes of the selected five viruses indicate a natural re-assortment event with recent Eurasian subtypes and similar to Egyptian H9N2 virus isolated from pigeon in Egypt during 2014. The Egyptian viruses of our study possess amino acids signatures including S42, V127, L550, L672 and V504 in the internal genes NS1, PA, and PB2, of respectively of an impact on virus transmission and replication. This work indicates that the H9N2 is in continuous evolution with alarming to the reassortment occurrence.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"10 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80351166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain aromatase modulates cardiac functions in embryonic zebrafish","authors":"Z. S. Ulhaq","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2019.1675287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2019.1675287","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Oestradiol (E2) is known as a female reproductive hormone with pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system. Local E2 biosynthesis such as in the brain and myocardial cells have important physiological and pathophysiological roles. E2 production is catalysed by aromatase (Aro) enzyme. In teleost, two Aro isoforms are distinctly expressed in the ovary and brain. In this study, the role of brain Aro (AroB) in modulating cardiovascular system is investigated. AroB MO-mediated knockdown decreased ventricular functions. Moreover, embryos injected with AroB MO displays a sign in developing heart failure. All the effects caused by AroB MO were partially reversed by exposure to E2. Taken together, this study demonstrates the role of AroB in modulating normal cardiovascular function in zebrafish embryos.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"31 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82568143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Update on the Status of BVD Control and Eradication in Europe","authors":"","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000041","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) is of major economic importance globally. Since the costs of BVD, both direct and indirect, have become increasingly recognised many European countries have evaluated the cost: benefit of implementing BVD control measures. Following on from the success of the first large-scale BVD eradication programmes, launched in the Scandinavian countries in the 1990’s, many countries currently have national or regional, mandatory or voluntary eradication schemes underway. BVD control programmes are constantly evolving and adapting according to evaluation of their progress and to countryspecific factors. However there is no one source from which to review the current status of BVD control across Europe; this paper provides an up-to-date overview of BVD eradication in Europe. Lucy V A Metcalfe* Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Germany *Address for Correspondence Lucy V A Metcalfe, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany, Tel: +49 (6132) 77-171317; Mobil: +49 (151) 68948261; Fax: +49 (6132) 72-171371; E-mail: lucy.metcalfe@boehringer-ingelheim.com Submission: 28 February, 2019 Accepted: 05 April, 2019 Published: 09 April, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Metcalfe LVA, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Review Article Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Medicine","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82282374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alighting Dipterous Insects on Cattle are Associated to Contaminative Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease During Epidemics in Ngaoundere- Cameroon","authors":"S. Lendzele","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000043","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to identify the landing preference sites of common hematophagous symbovine Dipterans and relate it to the FMD shedding sites. Three sets of zebu Goudali (from the DFG-COBE project herd) of different colors (black, brown and white) of same ages were restrained to sticks. Observations were made in October/November 2016 (seven days consecutively) and January 2017 (7days consecutively). Data from literature on FMDV infectious doses (TCID50/ml) shedding areas in clinical cases was used to map such sites on cattle and associate it to the landing predilection sites of hematophagous dipterous insects. The total number of observed biting insects on cattle was 26779 and the following fly-groups were identified in order of magnitude: Stomoxys (17453), culicids (8925), Simulium (293), Chrysops (74) and Tabanus (34). Chrysops preferred biting front legs. Culicids preferred biting around legs and neck. Tabanus preferred biting around head and legs. Stomoxys preferred biting around neck and legs. The neck and legs were body parts with the highest insect-vector frequency. The alighting predilection of each insect-group differed statistically (P<0.05). From the association test, an important number of each insect group was associated to at least one of the FMD contamination spots on cattle, but Stomoxys and culicids had a higher propensity of being contaminated as compared to others based on their high landing numbers on the exposed animals. Sevidzem Silas Lendzele1,2*, Jacques François Mavoungou2,3, Zinga-Koumba Roland Christophe2,3, M’batchi Betrand4","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81733364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Vectors and Climate Change on the Epidemiology of Rift Valley Fever","authors":"","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000040","url":null,"abstract":"Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging viral zoonosis that causes frequent outbreaks in east Africa and on the Arabian Peninsula. It’s caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) of genus phlebovirus, which is a high priority pathogen because of its economic and public health importance. It can cause miscarriage in pregnant animals and a high mortality in young animals and in human RVF causes a severe infl uenza like illness. The major outbreaks of the disease have been reported to occur throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt, in the Middle East (Saudi Arabia and Yemen) and the island of Madagascar. Its occurrence is highly associated with the effect of the warm phase of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon which resulted in abnormal heavy rainfall which in turn allow fl ooding of the vector’s habitat. Transmission of RVF during the endemic cycles requires the involvement of Aedes mosquito species which serve as the primary maintenance vectors of the disease. Infected Aedes species transmit the virus transovarially to their eggs. The egg of these endemic vectors remains viable during dry period for long periods. Then, following period of abnormally heavy rainfall fl ooding of their habitat occurs and the eggs start to hatch and then generating infected mosquito species. These hatched mosquito species start to disseminate the virus to nearby animals followed by other biting mosquito (Culex and Anopheles) which in turn feed on the blood of viremic animals and contribute to the epidemic transmission of virus, serve as secondary amplifi er of the virus. Immunization of animals, destruction of mosquitoes and restriction on the movement of animals during epizootic can help in the control of RVF. The likelihood of RVF global expansion is due to climate change and environmental modifi cation is an important issue. Thus, great focus is needed to deal on the infl uence of climate change on the vector population and their effect on the occurrence of the disease. Begna Bulcha Guta1, Mehari Tarafa2, Samson leta Regassa3* 123Department of Biomedical Science, Addis Ababa University, college of veterinary medicine, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. *Address for Correspondence Samson Leta Regassa, Department of Biomedical Science, Addis Ababa University, college of veterinary medicine.Bishoftu, Ethiopia. Email: samiwude@gmail.com Submission: 02 March, 2019 Accepted: 04 April, 2019 Published: 06 April, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Regassa SL, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Review Article Open Access","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79672287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lanametric Determination of the Alpaca Fiber (Vicugna Pacos) in Tucayta, Province of Cañar","authors":"L. Raggi","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000042","url":null,"abstract":"Alpaca fiber (Vicugna pacos) is classified as one of the finest animal fibers in the world, after the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna). Therefore, they are highly valued fibers by the textile industry. Its valuation is determined, among other variables, by fineness, which indicates its quality. To analyze some of the textile characteristics of these fibers, Optical-based Fibre Diameter Analyser 2000; (OFDA) equipment was used, in which it was possible to determine the average fiber diameter, length, and comfort factor. These characteristics were analyzed based on the variables of sex, age, color of the fleece, and body region. For this study, a multifactorial ANOVA was applied under a completely randomized design, and the R Project software was used. For separation of means, the Bonferroni test was used (P&lt;0.05). The correlations between parameters were evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results were: mean fiber diameter 22.6 μm ± 5.2; mean fiber length 60.8 mm, and mean comfort factor 86.8 %. In this way, the fibers analyzed are within the Baby alpaca category, cataloged fibers of better quality, with a high percentage of comfort factors. Additionally, it was observed that age, the body region and the fleece color directly influence the textile characteristics such as diameter, length and comfort factor; parameters that are very significant in the valuation of fiber for commercial purposes. In addition, the measurements could be used to compare with alpaca fiber used by native peoples in order to know the variations in these parameters over the centuries and to establish possible mechanisms to determine the origin of the fiber used in the ancient textiles. Simbaina Solano JC1* and Luis Raggi2 1University of Azuay, Ecuador 2Lanimetry Laboratory, FAVET, University of Chile, Chile *Address for Correspondence Simbaina Solano JC, Assistant researcher “Azuay University”, Cuenca, Ecuador. Lanimetry Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile, Email: austrogenetica@gmail.com Submission: 24-May-2019 Accepted: 28-June-2019 Published: 02-July-2019 Copyright: © 2019 Simbaina Solano JC, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research Article Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Medicine Introduction In the province of Cañar (located in the southern Ecuadorian region) alpaca breeding is used for fiber (hair) and meat production [1]. This camelid raising is encouraged by government agencies (MAG), which promote alpaca raising for family and large-scale herds. Alpaca raising constitutes a means of livelihood for native farmer’s families [2]. Alpacas are one of the four South American camelids (SAC) [3]. They take advantage of lands in geographical zones and extreme environmental conditions, where agricu","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85268381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Parasitic Sarcocystis Infection in Native Poultry Carcasses in North Part of Iran, Mazandaran (Amol)","authors":"","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000045","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcocystis is one of the most important and common protozoan parasites in the world. Various species of Sarcocystis reported in groups of mammals, birds and reptiles. In the life cycle of these parasite there are 2 hosts including hunted and hunter. Usually, omnivores and herbivores, as intermediate hosts (hunted) and carnivores, are considered as the definitive host (hunter) of this parasite. This research for the first time examines the contamination of Sarcocystis (microcyst) in native birds of Mazandaran province (Amol city). For this purpose, randomly, 57 native bird’s breast muscles which include 18 pieces of native ducks and 39 native chickens were tested by digestion method. The results of the experiment showed that 55 cases (96.5%) were infected with Sarcocystis bradyzoite that contributed 100% to the local duck and 94.78% to the native species. Based on age groups, the percentage of infection in the group age under 6 months was 80%, in the age between 6 months and one year was 97.91% and in the age group over one year, was 100%. The Chi-square test did not show a significant difference in the percentage of infection between two types of birds (duck-chicken) and age groups (P <0.05). Vahedi Noori N1*, Salehi A2, Razavi M2 and Masoumi M2 1Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran 2Veterinary Medicine Student, Babol Islamic Azad University, Iran *Address for Correspondence Vahedi Noori N, Assistant Professor, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; E-mail: nsvahedi@yahoo.com Submission: 24-October, 2019 Accepted: 03-November, 2019 Published: 04-November, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Vahedi Noori N, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research Article Open Access","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88952752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasitic conditions of domestic owned rabbits in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria: Retrospective evaluation, risk factors and co-infestations","authors":"Shola D. Ola-Fadunsin,&nbsp;Karimat Hussain,&nbsp;Musa Rabiu,&nbsp;Isau A. Ganiyu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parasitism is of great concern to the production, reproduction and performance of man and animals. The present study evaluated the parasitic conditions of rabbits brought for medical attention in the major Veterinary hospitals in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria during ten years (2006–2015). A total of 444 rabbits were brought during the study period, out of which 312 (70.27%) was diagnosed for mange, 126 (28.38%) for helminthoses, 60 (13.51%) for coccidiosis and 6 (1.35%) for flea infestation. There was no defined pattern in the yearly and monthly prevalence of these parasitic diseases. Age, sex and season were the statistically significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) risk factors associated with the prevalence of helminthoses, while age and season were associated with mange at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05. There was a significant negative correlation in the co-infection of helminthoses and coccidiosis, helminthoses and mange, coccidiosis and mange, while the co-infection of helminthoses with flea infestation, coccidiosis with flea infestation and mange with flea infestation was not statistically significant. These findings could be useful for surveillance, monitoring and designing of appropriate interventions for diseases control in Osun State and Nigeria at large. The proper management, prevention, control and eradication of these disease conditions will improve the production and reproduction of rabbits for better profitability for farmers and increased availability of protein sources for consumers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 208-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36795086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porcine Circovirus type 2 – Systemic disease on pig farms and associated knowledge of key players in the pig industry in Central Uganda","authors":"Eneku Wilfred,&nbsp;Francis Mutebi,&nbsp;Frank Norbert Mwiine,&nbsp;Okwee-Acai James,&nbsp;Ojok Lonzy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections and associated diseases have been rarely studied in Africa. There is no report of PCV2 infection-associated morbidity and the level of awareness of stakeholders has never been investigated in Uganda. This cross sectional survey investigated the occurrence of Porcine Circovirus type 2 – systemic disease (PCV2-SD) among pigs and the associated level of awareness of stakeholders in Central Uganda. Data were collected using questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews and laboratory investigations. All respondents (n = 131) and farmers attending FGDs (n = 31) had never heard of PCV2-SD and only 16.7% (n = 2) of the interviewed animal health workers (n = 12) knew about the disease. Among the farms, 20 piglets presenting with a chronic wasting and a persistent diarrhea were detected and sampled for laboratory investigations. Severe lymphoid depletion with histiocytic and macrophage infiltration in lymphoid organs (n = 8), shortening of intestinal villi (n = 9), abscesses in various organs (n = 15) and granulomatous pneumonia (n = 2) were the major histopathological lesions described. Immunohistochemistry and PCR assays on organs with implicating lesions confirmed PCV2 infection in 25% (n = 5) of the 20 pigs. The study confirmed the occurrence of PCV2 infections among piglets with persistent diarrhea on pig farms in central Uganda and revealed a low level of associated knowledge among farmers and veterinary practitioners. The study arouses the need for systematic studies on prevalence of PCV2 infections and sensitization of stakeholders on occurrence of PCV2 infections in Uganda.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 178-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.08.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36795606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}