Media War and Conflict最新文献

{"title":"Long-term Outcomes of People With DSM Psychotic Disorder NOS.","authors":"Line Widing, Carmen Simonsen, Thomas Bjella, Magnus Johan Engen, Camilla Bärthel Flaaten, Erlend Gardsjord, Beathe Haatveit, Elisabeth Haug, Siv Hege Lyngstad, Ingrid Hartveit Svendsen, Ruth Kristine Vik, Kristin Fjelnseth Wold, Gina Åsbø, Torill Ueland, Ingrid Melle","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV diagnostic category \"Psychotic disorder not otherwise specified\" (PNOS) is seldom investigated, and we lack knowledge about long-term outcomes. We examined long-term symptom severity, global functioning, remission/recovery rates, and diagnostic stability after the first treatment for PNOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants with first-treatment PNOS (<i>n</i> = 32) were reassessed with structured interviews after 7 to 10 years. The sample also included narrow schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD, <i>n</i> = 94) and psychotic bipolar disorders (PBD, <i>n</i> = 54). Symptomatic remission was defined based on the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group criteria. Clinical recovery was defined as meeting the criteria for symptomatic remission and having adequate functioning for the last 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with baseline PNOS or PBD had lower symptom severity and better global functioning at follow-up than those with SSD. More participants with PNOS and PBD were in symptomatic remission and clinical recovery compared to participants with SSD. Seventeen (53%) PNOS participants retained the diagnosis, while 15 participants were diagnosed with either SSD (22%), affective disorders (19%), or substance-induced psychotic disorders (6%). Those rediagnosed with SSD did not differ from the other PNOS participants regarding baseline clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term outcomes are more favorable in PNOS and PBD than in SSD. Our findings confirm diagnostic instability but also stability for a subgroup of participants with PNOS. However, it is challenging to predict diagnostic outcomes of PNOS based on clinical characteristics at first treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"6 1","pages":"sgad005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11207683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87669775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popular media, war propaganda and retroactive continuity: The construction of the enemy in Marvel comics (1942–1981)","authors":"Antonio Pineda, Jesús Jiménez-Varea","doi":"10.1177/17506352231151871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352231151871","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of the enemy is a technique whose potential effects are of outmost consequence for the relationships between the media, war and propaganda. In World War II, in addition to the official media, psychological warfare also relied on non-official propaganda conveyed through comic books whose levels of hatred for the enemy are hardly matched. This article aims to shed light on how superhero and war comic books mirror the construction and depiction of World War II enemies in American culture. The authors’ research compares the original wartime comics published by Marvel Comics with the representation of the war enemy conveyed by Marvel between the 1960s and the early 1980s. To test whether changes occurred, the authors conduct a diachronic content analysis of comic-book covers from both periods.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90395898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media framing of the Intifada of the Knives","authors":"Dalia Attar, G. King","doi":"10.1177/17506352221149554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352221149554","url":null,"abstract":"Research examining coverage of Western media on the Palestinian–Israeli conflict shows an imbalance in reporting the news and favoritism towards an Israeli government interpretation of the story. This article aims to examine how the so-called Intifada of the Knives (IK) was framed in Western print newspapers. The research also examines the representation of Palestinians and Israelis during that period. Media Framing Analysis (MFA) is deployed to present a detailed examination of 16 articles that appeared in prominent British, American, Canadian, and Australian print newspapers during that period. Findings show that negative frames were more dominant than positive frames. Overall, the articles framed the Intifada as a religious dispute and empathized more with Israelis who were described as victims while Palestinians were framed as terrorists or anti-Semitic. Little or no background was given as to why Palestinians opted for such actions against Israelis.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76444779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding peace journalism: An analysis of Pakistani media discourse on Afghan refugees and their forced repatriation from Pakistan","authors":"Ayesha Jehangir","doi":"10.1177/17506352221149559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352221149559","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates media coverage of Afghan refugees by English-language media in Pakistan and explores how coverage is shaped by a shift in the political stance of the Pakistani state and establishment towards Afghanistan. The author examines how Afghan refugees, their forced repatriation from Pakistan, and the subsequent conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan were framed in both long-form and short-form media coverage over three years. Using Galtung’s Peace and War Journalism Model to inform the Critical Discourse Analysis, this study finds that conflict-escalatory frames dominated media coverage, and media stance changed over time to reflect state policy on the forced repatriation of over three million Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Findings reveal that the coverage in all four publications was highly politicized and inflammatory, the voice of Afghan refugees was significantly missing from coverage, while the Pakistani government and military elite were predominantly used as news sources. Based on the findings, the author argues that pressures from the Pakistani state and military establishment are key reasons why media coverage of Afghan refugees frequently contained negative frames of terrorism and ethnonationalism. Sporadic employment of limited peace-oriented framing was, however, observed in some of the coverage.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84693669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De-enemizing the enemy in the contemporary truce film","authors":"Marzena Sokołowska-Paryż","doi":"10.1177/17506352221143322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352221143322","url":null,"abstract":"The author’s interest resides in war films which re-humanize the enemy so as to question the militaristic philosophy and politics of a given military conflict. Her discussion focuses on the truce film as a notable subgenre of the war film which, characteristically, transcends both historical and nationalistic paradigms. The analysis of Kya Dilli Kya Lahore and Camp X-Ray, as examples of two subvariants of the truce film, serve to underscore the narrative and cinematic strategies used to construct the effect of the interchangeability of the enemy protagonists, therefore ostentatiously undoing traditional state and army enforced forms of ‘distancing’ (see Grossman, On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society, 1995). The questions to be posed include where, when and why truce films are produced, how do they correlate to the prevalent definitions of the war film genre and, finally, to what extent can they be seen as potentially constructing a ‘prosthetic memory’ (Alison Landsberg, ‘Memory, Empathy, and the Politics of Identification’, 2009)?","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75491922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ocular Politics of Targeting: Disembodiment and the Perpetrator Gaze in the War on Terror","authors":"Jessica Auchter","doi":"10.1177/17506352221134264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352221134264","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the politics of seeing as a way to examine the elision of civilian casualty in the War on Terror. The author particularly focuses on the ambiguities and paradoxes at play in this discussion: the question of distance, the question of visibility and the role of the body. In doing so, she tells the story of how terrorism has emerged as a form of violence that centralizes bodies, focused on the figure of the innocent victim whose body has been destroyed by the body of another, even as the technology of drone strikes also operates by exploding bodies, but through the purported precision of techno-military operations. Such technology re-categorizes civilian death as collateral damage, defining these deaths as technological effects rather than as biological, embodied ones. This acts to disembody dead civilians even as increased attention is being given to soldier bodies (both dead and injured). In this sense, the author is not arguing that civilian death has become disembodied by virtue of the distancing caused by the drone apparatus. Rather, she seeks to tell a more complicated story of how the drone gaze functions as a perpetrator gaze, and who and what it sees.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84685097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damsels in distress: Fragile masculinity in digital war","authors":"Elizaveta Gaufman","doi":"10.1177/17506352221130271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352221130271","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 was a culmination of anti-Ukrainian rhetoric that Russian political elite and state-controlled media have been promoting at least since 2013. Apart from accusing Ukraine of being a Neo-Nazi state, pro-Kremlin commentators have espoused a heavily gendered rhetoric describing Ukraine as a loose woman in need of saving by its older brother. Gendered discourse was instrumentalized in Russian foreign policy not only through aggressive masculinity, but also through femininity. The latter, in contrast, sought to downplay the aggressive masculinity associated with fascism and consequently diminish Ukraine’s agency and status compared to Russia. This article offers a taxonomy of feminization rhetoric that shows how different types of gendered constructs influence the success of securitization process. Drawing on empirical material from Russian social networks during the first war in Ukraine in 2014–2016, this article argues against gender’s silencing role but, instead, its central role in influencing every stage of securitization process. Moreover, the author shows how feminization rhetoric paved the way to the legitimation of the current war.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81981221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The War on Terror beyond the barrel of a gun: The procedural rhetorics of the boardgame Labyrinth","authors":"Thomas Ambrosio, Jonathan Ross","doi":"10.1177/17506352221108824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352221108824","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing Bogost’s procedural rhetoric framework in his book Persuasive Games, this article examines Labyrinth, a boardgame that simulates the conflict between the United States and global terrorism. The authors systematically integrate ludology (rules/gameplay) and narratology (narratives/representations) to illustrate how Labyrinth was intentionally designed so that players became active participants in a narrative about how good governance undermines the sources of terrorism and the counterproductive nature of militarized counterterrorism, as well as bear witness to the agency of the Muslim world and the region’s political dynamism on the tabletop. This is a very different account of the War on Terror than has previously been studied in the literature, which has focused overwhelmingly on first-person shooter videogames and, in turn, has provided a very limited range of how this conflict can be represented in ludic form. However, Labyrinth is not alone, and the wargames that many players grew up with have given way to a variety of boardgames which approach complex historical or contemporary situations and environments beyond simply killing one’s enemies. This represents a diverse, but largely untapped, resource already in the public space and ready to be investigated. Media studies can therefore benefit from considering how boardgames similar to Labyrinth present alternative ways in which the ‘real world’ has been, and indeed can be, translated through popular culture objects.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76666203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Kosovo war and the Washington Post: Bombings and alignments","authors":"Astrid A Fleischer","doi":"10.1177/17506352221078015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352221078015","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the alignments on the Kosovo war during the spring of 1999 in the Washington Post newspaper. How did the Washington Post represent the events during Operation Allied Force, NATO’s war against Yugoslavia? How did reporters align themselves with the narrated events? What linguistic and other means signal alignments in the Washington Post discourse on the war? The examined linguistic structures (evaluative vocabulary and agent inclusion/exclusion), the identified themes (in particular, demonization of the Serbs), and the lack of critical voices suggest an alignment with NATO and US government official discourse. The article concludes that the Washington Post did not challenge the dominant national discourse during the Kosovo war.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"16 1","pages":"459 - 481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46142602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Book review: British Media and the Rwandan Genocide”","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17506352221116957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352221116957","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"16 1","pages":"491 - 491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45125056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}