{"title":"Cortese's Ideal Cardinal? Praising Art, Spendour and Magnificence in Bernardino de Carvajal's Roman Residence","authors":"B. Schirg","doi":"10.1086/JWCI44841044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/JWCI44841044","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a close analysis of three neo-Latin poems from a larger cycle of verse dedicated in 1511 to the Spanish cardinal Bernardino de Carvajal (1456-1523) by the Italian humanist Giambattista Cantalicio (1445-1515). Reviewing the poet's flattering descriptions of lavish banquets, the daily routine of the cardinal's court and a tapestry cycle which once adorned Carvajal's residence, it further analyses the contemporary aesthetics which underlie Cantalicio's praise of the cardinal's lost palace in Rome. In the process, the article also reviews the social dynamic which prompted the display of magnificence as well as the problematic issues raised by the flagrant display of such splendour within an ecclesiastical context. Exploring social practice, artworks and intellectual treatises, the article outlines the process by which the concept of magnificence, which forms the basis of Cantalicio's praise of the cardinal, was rehabilitated in the decades preceding the Reformation. Placing the poet's encomium not only in the light of Giovanni Pontano's so-called social treatises and Paolo Cortese's De cardinalatu (1510), but also within the context of the contemporary iconographic programme at Carvajal's titular church of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, the article embeds these neo-Latin poems within the wider social, historical and cultural context of Renaissance Rome.","PeriodicalId":45703,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE WARBURG AND COURTAULD INSTITUTES","volume":"80 1","pages":"61 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46118325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jerome Nadal's Evangelicae Historiae Imagines and the Birth of Global Imagery","authors":"J. Massing","doi":"10.1086/JWCI44841048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/JWCI44841048","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with a set of images which were probably the first in history to be reproduced on four continents: the Jesuit Jerome Nadal's Evangelicae Historiae Imagines (Images of the Gospel Story), first published in Antwerp in 1593. It begins with a brief discussion of what we know about Nadal's life and the production history of his book, as well as its relationship to his Adnotationes et Meditationes in Evangelia quae in sacrosanto missae sacrificio toto anno leguntur (Annotations and Meditations on the Gospel which are to be read throughout the year at the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass), which acts as a commentary to the Imagines. Then follows a description of the structure of the two books, and how they narrate and expound the significance of the Gospels. The remaining sections discuss the adaptations of Nadal's imagery. While his work has received much attention from scholars around the world in recent decades, the aim of the present article is to bring together research on the use and re-use of these images in Europe, the Americas, India, China, Japan, Iran and Ethiopia, and to make clear their global impact in a way that has not been attempted before.","PeriodicalId":45703,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE WARBURG AND COURTAULD INSTITUTES","volume":"80 1","pages":"161 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isaac Newton's Latin Exercises and Letter to a 'Loving Ffreind': Identifying the Sources","authors":"Michael Joalland","doi":"10.1086/JWCI44841052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/JWCI44841052","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concerns the source and content of the earliest known piece of Isaac Newton's writing, a Latin phrase book, as well as of the first letter in his hand which has yet been found, addressed to a 'Loving ffreind'. I reveal that both these early pieces also appear in a work on Latin pedagogy by William Walker, a schoolmaster and rector whose acquaintance with Newton is documented from 1665. Walker's textbook was printed in 1669, but the list of Latin phrases in Newton's notebook must be dated at least a decade earlier, while the letter, in another notebook, probably also pre-dates the published work. Section I of the Note demonstrates that Newton can only have copied the phrase book from a private, unpublished version of Walker's own compilation of the phrases, most likely while the mathematician and natural philosopher was still a schoolboy. I turn to the letter in section II, showing the very different uses to which it was put by the two men and suggesting a date for Newton's rendition of it in his notebook.","PeriodicalId":45703,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE WARBURG AND COURTAULD INSTITUTES","volume":"80 1","pages":"249 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48678425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Budé's Breviarium: Authorship, Date and Purpose","authors":"A. Burnett","doi":"10.1086/jwci44841046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/jwci44841046","url":null,"abstract":"The early publication history of the very short Breviarium of Guillaume Budé's De asse et partibus eius is analysed and clarified, and the earliest versions are dated to c. 1520. Though short, it was an influential little work, and in particular its links with Cuthbert Tunstall's De arte supputandi are explored. It is argued that Bude himself was the author of the Brevianum, and that it may have a relevance to the Budé/Porzio controversy about the 'sestertius' and 'sestertium'.","PeriodicalId":45703,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE WARBURG AND COURTAULD INSTITUTES","volume":"80 1","pages":"101 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42370762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Newly Identified Copy of a Prognostication by John of Legnano","authors":"L. Smoller","doi":"10.1086/JWCI44841049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/JWCI44841049","url":null,"abstract":"At some time between 1375 and 1378 the Bologna jurist John of Legnano composed a judgement on the conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter in October 1365. One of a number of contemporary authors offering a horoscope and interpretation of this celestial event, Legnano was credited by later fourteenth- and fifteenth-century observers with correctly predicting the outbreak of the Great Schism by means of his chart. Until now, scholars have been aware of two manuscript copies of Legnano's conjunction treatise: a Latin version now in Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France MS lat. 2599; and an Italian translation in Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale MS II, IV.313.The present paper identifies and publishes a third, partial copy, in a manuscript compilation in British Library MS Arundel 88.1 briefly survey the manuscript context of these three redactions in order to demonstrate the various ways in which Legnano's text could be read in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Most likely composed just prior to the outbreak of the Great Schism, his prognostication blends the astrological, eschatological and political interests which obsessed the noted law professor even before the circumstances of the Schism gave them increased urgency. A staunch defender of papal over imperial rights, Legnano avidly followed the vicissitudes of politics in the empire as well as in northern Italy; both his astrological analysis and the prophetic texts he quotes in his judgement focus on the fates of the empire, of various Italian cities and of the papacy. The British Library version of Legnano's text helps to reveal an evolving reception of this work and to demonstrate that, while the treatise certainly could be read for clues as to the church's fate during the Schism years, later readers were much more interested in Legnano's political predictions.","PeriodicalId":45703,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE WARBURG AND COURTAULD INSTITUTES","volume":"80 1","pages":"221 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49247334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Solid Mistake: An Early State of Caraglio's Diogenes after Parmigianino","authors":"Jamie Gabbarelli","doi":"10.1086/JWCI44841050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/JWCI44841050","url":null,"abstract":"This paper begins with an assessment of the differences between two states of Jacopo Caraglio's engraved Diogenes after Parmigianino, and between each of those states and Parmigianino's preparatory drawing of the composition. What follows is an attempt to trace both the textual sources and the creative development of this unusual iconographie subject, culminating in a hypothesis about the chronological sequence of the earliest prints of Parmigianino's Diogenes. It is argued that, originally, the artist devised the composition in collaboration with a learned advisor. His own interest in geometry then led him, incongruously, to introduce a geometric solid—an error corrected in Ugo da Carpi's chiaroscuro woodcut version.","PeriodicalId":45703,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE WARBURG AND COURTAULD INSTITUTES","volume":"80 1","pages":"231 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44519055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Iconography of Vecchietta's Bronze Christ in Siena","authors":"G. Dalvit","doi":"10.1086/JWCI44841043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/JWCI44841043","url":null,"abstract":"Through the prism of iconography, we may be able to better understand Vecchietta's stylistic choices towards the end of his career. His last known bronze sculpture, a gaunt and pathetic Christ, executed in 1476, is widely agreed to represent the Risen Christ. Today, the sculpture stands atop the high altar of the Santissima Annunziata, the Hospital Church in Siena, but this was neither its original nor intended location. In fact, the figure was meant to be part of a larger ensemble which, together, constituted Vecchietta's funerary chapel. This article demonstrates unequivocally that the present setting of the statue has fostered an iconographical misunderstanding: naturally, the subject of the statue is Christ; but he represents the Man of Sorrows, not the Risen Christ. An exploration of the significance of the iconography of the Man of Sorrows in mid-fifteenth-century Siena, and its possible antecedents, reveals connections especially with Northern European artefacts circulating in central Italy at the time. The result of these findings is to set Vecchietta's sculpture free from previous preconceptions, shedding new light on a famous artwork and triggering new questions about the artist who made it.","PeriodicalId":45703,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE WARBURG AND COURTAULD INSTITUTES","volume":"80 1","pages":"29 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46525827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impresa of Federico Zuccari and the Accademia Degli Insensati of Perugia","authors":"Laura Teza","doi":"10.1086/JWCI44841047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/JWCI44841047","url":null,"abstract":"The University of Perugia's Archivio storico preserves a sixteenth-century manuscript of the imprese of the Accademia degli Insensati, an institution which is well-known for its important members and affiliates in the ecclesiastical and poetic circles of Perugia and Rome. Largely unpublished, the manuscript collects forty-three imprese of academicians, drawn by different artists and miniaturists, including that of the painter and theorist Federico Zuccari. In later life Zuccari proudly made use of his Insensato nickname of Il Sonnacchioso, but here his impresa is unexpectedly given as Il Desioso. This article argues that the Il Desioso impresa represents Zuccari's application to join the Accademia. Drawn by the artist himself, featuring his device of the sugarloaf and accompanied by a prose description in his own hand, the impresa can be dated by comparisons with other works made around the time of Zuccari's move from Florence to Rome. It reflects a number of the theoretical ideas from this period of his life, concerning the role of Academies, the education of the artist, and classical culture.","PeriodicalId":45703,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE WARBURG AND COURTAULD INSTITUTES","volume":"80 1","pages":"127 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47766164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kentish Pilgrims in Canterbury Cathedral's Miracle Windows","authors":"Rachel Koopmans","doi":"10.1086/JWCI44841042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/JWCI44841042","url":null,"abstract":"Thomas Becket's miracles formed the chief subject of the early thirteenth-century stained glass installed in the twelve ambulatory windows surrounding Becket's magnificent shrine in the Trinity Chapel of Canterbury Cathedral. This article argues that three of the five surviving miracle stories portrayed in the glass of nlV, a well-preserved window on the north aisle, have been misread. Rather than picturing miracles of pilgrims from Oxford, Essex and Warwickshire, these panels recount the miracles experienced by people from the environs of Canterbury and Dover, namely William of Dene, a paralysed knight; Goditha, a crippled laywoman of Canterbury; and Saxeva, a laywoman of Dover suffering from an abdominal complaint and pain in her arm. With these new readings in place, it is possible to see that all the surviving narratives in nIV are devoted to local miracles, a remarkable and hitherto unrecognised commemoration of Thomas Becket's Kentish cult in the cathedral's glass. The focus on local pilgrims in Canterbury's nIV is comparable to the 'trade', 'donor' or 'signature' panels in the contemporary stained glass at Chartres Cathedral.","PeriodicalId":45703,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE WARBURG AND COURTAULD INSTITUTES","volume":"80 1","pages":"1 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47950174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Suetonius In Volgare: An Overlooked Italian Translation by Dante Popoleschi (London, British Library MS Harley 3390","authors":"Marijke Crab","doi":"10.1086/JWCI44841045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/JWCI44841045","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the Italian translation of Suetonius's Lives of the Twelve Caesars by Dante Popoleschi, a little-known Florentine humanist and member of the Orti Oricellari in the early sixteenth century. Since Popoleschi's translation, which is preserved in a single manuscript copy dedicated to King François Ier of France (London, British Library MS Harley 3390), has never been studied in detail and, moreover, is unknown to present-day students of Suetonius, this contribution aims to examine the work both in its own right and in comparison to Popoleschi's volgarizzamenti of Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War and Donato Acciaiuoli's Life of Scipio. By placing Popoleschi's version of Suetonius in its original cultural-historical context, it also sheds new light on his life, works and translation activity.","PeriodicalId":45703,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE WARBURG AND COURTAULD INSTITUTES","volume":"80 1","pages":"83 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44605853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}