Clinical Neurophysiology Practice最新文献_第9页

The eastern Association of EEG: A Legacy with Contemporary lessons 东部脑电图协会：具有当代教训的遗产

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Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2025.08.003

Stefano Meletti , Margitta Seeck

引用次数: 0

Breach rhythm-induced asymmetric post-arousal hypersynchrony mimicking ictal EEG in coma 缺口节律诱导的非对称觉醒后高同步模拟昏迷脑电图

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Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2025.11.001

Philippe GELISSE , Arielle CRESPEL

{"title":"Breach rhythm-induced asymmetric post-arousal hypersynchrony mimicking ictal EEG in coma","authors":"Philippe GELISSE , Arielle CRESPEL","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To highlight the risk of misinterpreting stimulation-related EEG patterns as seizures in the ICU, and to illustrate how awakening hypersynchrony and breach rhythm can mimic a focal seizure, leading to an erroneous diagnosis of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A single patient case observation of a 17-year-old male with a severe traumatic brain injury, resulting in a left depressed skull fracture and coma. A continuous EEG was analyzed during repeated auditory/somatosensory stimulations. Pharmacologic reactivity was assessed with IV clonazepam.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Several episodes of awakening hypersynchrony were initially misinterpreted as subclinical focal seizures, leading to a diagnosis of NCSE. The EEGs displayed asymmetrical, sharply contoured rhythmic delta waves after stimulations, showing evolution and lasting more than 10 s. These delta waves demonstrated reactivity to IV-clonazepam, resulting in an improved EEG. Although no clinical improvement was observed, the patient returned to sleep immediately. The EEGs were reinterpreted as representing arousal reactions during the awakening process. The asymmetry of the rhythmic delta waves corresponded to a breach rhythm.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In comatose or sedated ICU patients, stimulation-induced rhythmic delta waves with apparent evolution, and even benzodiazepine responsiveness, may represent normal arousal phenomena amplified by a breach rhythm rather than ictal activity. <strong>Significance:</strong> As stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs) strictly describe EEG morphology and evolution without reference to the cause, normal arousals/awakenings and their variations must be recognized in comatose patients. Due to the ambiguity of the term “ictal” and its clinical implications, “ictal” could be replaced with “intermittent”: Stimulus-Induced Rhythmic or Periodic Intermittent Discharges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 507-510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Cortical evoked responses to evaluate the effect of spinal cord stimulation on the pain pathways 皮质诱发反应评价脊髓刺激对疼痛通路的影响

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Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2025.04.003

Laurien J. Reinders, Cecile C. de Vos

{"title":"Cortical evoked responses to evaluate the effect of spinal cord stimulation on the pain pathways","authors":"Laurien J. Reinders, Cecile C. de Vos","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are insufficiently understood. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) measures how a painful stimulus is affected by a second painful stimulus. We investigated whether cortical evoked response can be used to evaluate CPM in a patient treated with burst, tonic and sham SCS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 40-year-old patient underwent 3 magnetoencephalography sessions (burst, tonic, sham SCS) with 1-week intervals. Painful electrical stimuli were applied to the tibial nerve before, during and after CPM (conditioning: icepack on forearm). Evoked responses were analysed in the primary somatosensory and anterior cingulate cortices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Before CPM, the highest evoked response amplitude occurred under sham SCS, followed by tonic SCS. During CPM pain ratings remained unchanged. However, CPM reduced evoked response amplitudes in the primary somatosensory cortex under tonic and sham SCS and in the anterior cingulate cortex under all SCS paradigms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CPM reduced evoked response amplitudes, while pain ratings were unaffected, suggesting neurophysiological measures provide additional insights into CPM effects. Tonic and burst SCS both appeared to reduce cortical capacity to attend to stimuli, with burst showing the greatest effect.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Cortical responses offer a valuable tool to assess pain pathways. Larger scale studies are needed to enhance our understanding of SCS mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 167-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Home-Based sensing of the nervous system with clinical neurophysiology technologies: IFCN handbook chapter 基于家庭的神经系统传感与临床神经生理学技术：IFCN手册章节

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Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2025.09.003

Christian Sandøe Musaeus , Pedro F. Viana , Mark Cook , Jonas Duun-Henriksen , Sándor Beniczky , Preben Kidmose , Bart Vanrumste , Benjamin Filtjens , Troels Wesenberg Kjaer

{"title":"Home-Based sensing of the nervous system with clinical neurophysiology technologies: IFCN handbook chapter","authors":"Christian Sandøe Musaeus , Pedro F. Viana , Mark Cook , Jonas Duun-Henriksen , Sándor Beniczky , Preben Kidmose , Bart Vanrumste , Benjamin Filtjens , Troels Wesenberg Kjaer","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Home-based neurophysiological monitoring is improving the assessment and management of neurological conditions such as epilepsy. Technologies such as electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and accelerometry are increasingly integrated into wearable systems for at-home use. Due to an increasing amount of data from long-term monitoring, machine learning algorithms assist in automated data analysis. However, ensuring device accuracy, signal quality, and user compliance remains crucial for clinical useability.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This chapter explores advances and challenges in at-home neurophysiological monitoring, with a primary focus on EEG systems and their applications.</div><div>Content: The discussion highlights the technological advances and the challenges associated with at-home monitoring. The focus will be on EEG systems, as well as a discussion of EMG in epilepsy. Next, we will provide an overview of the clinical applications for home-based monitoring of epilepsy and sleep disorders. Lastly, we will briefly discuss emerging topics within home-based monitoring in movement disorders and neurodegenerative disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Future advancements are expected with new generations of wearable systems capable of providing long-term monitoring with minimal maintenance. Beyond epilepsy and sleep disorders, home-based technologies are also being investigated in other neurological diseases including movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases showing the expanding scope of home-based technologies in neurology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 453-463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Averted weakness from a large Martin-Gruber anastomosis 避免了马丁-格鲁伯吻合术造成的虚弱。

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Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.003

Emily Cheung, Karl Ng

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of signal quality and usability for a novel wireless, wearable EEG sensor 一种新型无线可穿戴脑电图传感器的信号质量和可用性对比分析

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Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2025.05.004

Vamshi K. Muvvala , Avidor B. Kazen , Tyler J. Newton , Zoë Tosi , Michael Elwood , Mark J. Lehmkuhle , Tobias Loddenkemper , Mark C. Spitz , Laura Strom , Daniel Friedman , Mitchell A. Frankel

{"title":"Comparative analysis of signal quality and usability for a novel wireless, wearable EEG sensor","authors":"Vamshi K. Muvvala , Avidor B. Kazen , Tyler J. Newton , Zoë Tosi , Michael Elwood , Mark J. Lehmkuhle , Tobias Loddenkemper , Mark C. Spitz , Laura Strom , Daniel Friedman , Mitchell A. Frankel","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study details the design, efficacy, and usability of a novel wearable, wireless electroencephalography (EEG) sensor designed for extended-duration clinical monitoring in any environment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Simultaneous EEG recordings from REMI sensors and a conventional scalp-EEG recording system were conducted across two cohorts: 1) participants undergoing routine epilepsy seizure monitoring and 2) healthy volunteers performing tasks to induce common EEG artifacts. Comparative time and spectral-based analyses were conducted between the recording modalities. Sensor usability was also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The temporal dynamics and signal morphology of artifacts and electrographic seizures were visually similar between the REMI sensor and conventional scalp-EEG. Additionally, spectral correlation between the two systems was high across all event types, ranging from 0.86 to 0.94. Patient-reported acceptance was also strong, with 69% of participants rating the sensors as comfortable to wear.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The REMI sensor showed strong agreement with conventional scalp-EEG in the signal characteristics of physiological artifacts and electrographic seizures. The positive comfort feedback further supports the REMI sensors’ everyday utility.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Although limited in electrode coverage compared to conventional scalp-EEG recording systems, the REMI sensor records comparable high-fidelity EEG data in both time and spectral domains. REMI sensor’s recording quality and wearability facilitate extended-duration monitoring in everyday environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 292-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative electroencephalography in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies 定量脑电图在路易体痴呆诊断中的应用

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Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2025.06.008

Abhimanyu Mahajan , Alberto Jaramillo-Jimenez , Anita D’Anselmo , Giulia Prete , Lucrezia Bristot , Sara Varanese , Alberto Di Domenico , Nicola Mammarella , Luca Tommasi , Michele Tinazzi , Dag Aarsland , Claudio Babiloni , Alberto J. Espay , Laura Bonanni

{"title":"Quantitative electroencephalography in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies","authors":"Abhimanyu Mahajan , Alberto Jaramillo-Jimenez , Anita D’Anselmo , Giulia Prete , Lucrezia Bristot , Sara Varanese , Alberto Di Domenico , Nicola Mammarella , Luca Tommasi , Michele Tinazzi , Dag Aarsland , Claudio Babiloni , Alberto J. Espay , Laura Bonanni","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spectral analysis of the resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) activity typically shows abnormal delta (< 4 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), and alpha (8–12 Hz) power in older patients with cognitive deficits due to progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, abnormally prominent posterior rsEEG power < 8 Hz with periodic fluctuations in the pre-alpha/theta range has been considered a supportive biomarker for diagnosing patients with prodromal or manifest dementia due to Lewy bodies (DLB) in international guidelines. Here, a panel of experts shortly reviews the concepts of thalamocortical dysrhythmia as a possible neurophysiological oscillatory mechanism generating those rsEEG abnormalities in DLB patients. It also recommends how to record and quantitatively analyze rsEEG activity in prodromal and manifesting DLB patients for the application of that cost-effective and largely available diagnostic procedure in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 222-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pre-ictal temperature increases detected by ear canal thermometry in the epilepsy monitoring unit. An exploratory study 癫痫病监测装置的耳道测温仪检测到癫痫发作前的体温升高。探索性研究

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Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2025.07.006

Masud Seyal, Todd Chatlos, George Savvides, Shari Barela

{"title":"Pre-ictal temperature increases detected by ear canal thermometry in the epilepsy monitoring unit. An exploratory study","authors":"Masud Seyal, Todd Chatlos, George Savvides, Shari Barela","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>There is evidence for a pre-ictal state, distinct from the interictal state, that can be detected minutes before the onset of a clinical seizure. Analysis of scalp EEG signals do not reliably distinguish the pre-ictal EEG from the interictal EEG. Changes in cerebral blood flow and oxygenation occur several minutes before EEG evidence of a seizure. Local increases in cerebral activity are associated with increases in brain temperature. Brain temperature changes are reflected in the tympanic membrane temperature. This exploratory study investigated whether a brain temperature change could be detected noninvasively in the immediate pre-ictal period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with focal seizures undergoing inpatient video-EEG telemetry had epitympanic temperatures recorded. Pre-ictal temperature changes deviating from the interictal temperature were studied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data was available for 25 seizures in 12 patients. For a given seizure, the mean temperature at seizure onset exceeded the interictal temperature by 0.31 °C. Peri-ictal peak temperature exceeded the interictal temperature by a mean of 0.37 °C. Duration of temperature rise was 1081 s.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pre-ictal temperature increases were detected non-invasively in focal onset seizures.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This finding provides the basis for development of temperature-based technology for seizure warning in ambulatory patients with refractory epilepsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 340-345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prognostic factors of mechanical ventilation in Guillain–Barré syndrome among adults and children in Vietnam 越南成人和儿童格林-巴- <s:1>综合征机械通气预后因素分析

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Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2025.02.009

Hung Hoang Dang , Khang Vinh Nguyen , Si Tri Le , Thuy Thi Vu , Vy Thi Yen Le , Thang Ba Nguyen , Hieu Le Trung Nguyen

{"title":"Prognostic factors of mechanical ventilation in Guillain–Barré syndrome among adults and children in Vietnam","authors":"Hung Hoang Dang , Khang Vinh Nguyen , Si Tri Le , Thuy Thi Vu , Vy Thi Yen Le , Thang Ba Nguyen , Hieu Le Trung Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Numerous studies have investigated predictors for mechanical ventilation (MV) in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), with varying results. This study identifies factors associated with MV in both populations in Vietnam.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively collected data on GBS patients at Children’s Hospital 2 and the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City from 2017 to 2021. Clinical characteristics were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of MV. A bootstrapping stepwise approach was used to select the most appropriate predictors for the model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 108 adults and 112 children were included, with 15 adults (13.8 %) and 10 children (8.9 %) requiring MV. Dysautonomia and facial palsy/bulbar weakness were more common in ventilated patients (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis identified dysautonomia as the only significant predictor for MV in both adults (OR: 7.43, 95 % CI: 1.78–30.98) and children (OR: 13.6, 95 % CI: 1.20–154.79).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dysautonomia is a significant predictor of MV in adults and children with GBS. Although facial palsy and bulbar weakness were not statistically significant predictors, their presence warrants careful monitoring.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study provides insights into GBS in Vietnam and underscores dysautonomia as a predictor for MV, distinguishing it from findings in previous prognostic models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 90-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changing characteristics of somatosensory evoked potentials in adolescents 青少年体感诱发电位的变化特征

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Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2025.03.004

Aoi Mase , Manabu Shibasaki , Hiroki Nakata

{"title":"Changing characteristics of somatosensory evoked potentials in adolescents","authors":"Aoi Mase , Manabu Shibasaki , Hiroki Nakata","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We investigated changing characteristics of somatosensory processing in adolescents, particularly sex differences, by comparing children, young adults, and males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants included 26 elementary school children (ESC), 36 adolescents (ADO), and 36 college students (CS). We recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) using electrical stimulation of the right median nerve. Peak latencies and amplitudes were measured for P12, N15, P18, and N30 at Fz, and for P12 (P1), N18 (N1), P22 (P2), N27 (N2), P3, N3, P45 (P4), and N60 (N4) at C3′.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The P22 (P2) amplitude at C3′ decreased with age. The N15 amplitude at Fz was larger in females across all groups. P3 and N3 occurrence at C3′ decreased with age but remained high in ADO compared to CS. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between P22 (P2) amplitude at C3′ and age in ADO boys, but not in ADO girls, ESC boys, or ESC girls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Somatosensory processing in ADO is not as mature as in CS, with sex differences between ADO boys and girls.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Our findings may aid understanding of neural activity in children with developmental disorders, supporting sensory-based therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0