Asia Europe Journal最新文献_第2页

The European Union’s investment screening framework and China—a complicated picture 欧盟的投资审查框架和中国——一幅复杂的图景

IF 1 3区社会学

Asia Europe Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-025-00757-w

Tamás Peragovics, Ágnes Szunomár

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引用次数: 0

The risks of continuity—pitfalls of the EU’s policy stance on China after the European elections of 2024 2024年欧洲大选后欧盟对华政策立场的连续性陷阱风险

IF 1 3区社会学

Asia Europe Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-025-00752-1

Frank Gaenssmantel

{"title":"The risks of continuity—pitfalls of the EU’s policy stance on China after the European elections of 2024","authors":"Frank Gaenssmantel","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00752-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00752-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This policy paper takes stock of post-election trends in the EU’s China policy, assessing them against the backdrop of experiences of EU-China interaction across the past decade and in view of the prospects they bear for EU-China relations over the next few years. Since the elections, the European Parliament has strengthened its criticism of China’s human rights record and its explicit EU support for Taiwan, while the incoming Commissioners tend to highlight China’s role as a competitor and rival to the EU, with a focus on specific instances of problematic and unfair behaviour on its part. The paper argues that past experience suggests that Beijing is generally ready to engage and negotiate on specific grievances, especially when they are in the economic or technical sphere. By contrast, policies that are seen as violating Chinese sovereignty are met with strong rhetorical rebuttal and often harsh countermeasures. Since it is not imaginable for the EU to abandon a critical engagement with China in the normative sphere, the paper recommends strategies for defusing related rhetoric while developing a proactive agenda of pragmatic engagement, both with regard to economic interests and issues of international governance. Especially with a more hostile US administration under Trump II, it will be crucial for the EU to develop solid ties with China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"535 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10308-025-00752-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A complex challenge: how China shapes Japan’s security partnership with the EU 一个复杂的挑战：中国如何塑造日本与欧盟的安全伙伴关系

IF 1 3区社会学

Asia Europe Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-025-00753-0

Elena Atanassova-Cornelis

引用次数: 0

Back to the Cold War era in-betweenness: Italy’s China strategy in the context of the Indo-Pacific framework 回到冷战时期：印太框架下的意大利对华战略

IF 1 3区社会学

Asia Europe Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-025-00749-w

Beatrice Gallelli, Marco Zappa

{"title":"Back to the Cold War era in-betweenness: Italy’s China strategy in the context of the Indo-Pacific framework","authors":"Beatrice Gallelli, Marco Zappa","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00749-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00749-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past few years, Italy-China relations have been dominated by the debate over Italy’s first embracing and then leaving the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), for which Italy was the only G7 country to join the China-led project and then the first and only country to leave it. A combination of diplomatic factors, including Rome’s alignment with the US and NATO in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war and the Italian presidency of the G7, has decisively contributed to reorienting Rome’s foreign policy and abandoning the controversial MoU with Beijing. Following the EU’s official approach to China, the government led by the far-right Brothers of Italy party has adopted a mixed approach towards Beijing. Therefore, its departure from the BRI has been accompanied by the promotion of the idea of a years-long strategic partnership between the two countries through a series of high-profile visits to Beijing, including those by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni in July and President Sergio Mattarella in November 2024. Nonetheless, Italy’s pragmatic approach towards China is part of Rome’s wider repositioning within the EU’s Indo-Pacific strategy framework. Interestingly, whilst Meloni was in Beijing, the Italian navy flagship Cavour aircraft carrier strike group was cruising towards the Pacific, via the Indian Ocean, for a series of port calls and joint exercises along with partners such as the USA, Japan and Australia. In light of the above, this paper argues that the recent development of Italy-China relations and Italy’s “partial” backing of the US’s Indo-Pacific strategy appears as a newly brushed Cold War era “in-betweenness”.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"497 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EU - China relations after the 2024 European elections 2024年欧洲大选后的欧中关系

IF 1 3区社会学

Asia Europe Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-025-00747-y

Hans Dietmar Schweisgut

{"title":"EU - China relations after the 2024 European elections","authors":"Hans Dietmar Schweisgut","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00747-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00747-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The context of EU - China relations since the elections of the European Parliament in June 2024 and the start of the new Commission is fundamentally different from the situation five years ago. Covid, but above all China’s implicit support for Russia after it attacked Ukraine in February 2022 have changed the perception of China, which had already been labelled a systemic rival in the EU’s China strategy 2019. Europe’s increasing dependence on China for critical raw materials and strategic supply chains have highlighted the need to focus on economic security as well as on the new geopolitical context which has changed again with the start of President Trump’s second term. The policy speech by President van der Leyen in March 2023 and the Commission’s economic security strategy are clear expressions of the shift in Europe’s perception of China. While much will depend on future US - China relations, the EU and its member states will have to develop a more consistent and operational China policy. It will no longer be possible to separate trade and investment relations, cooperation on regional and global issues, geopolitical rivalry and competing conceptions of the international order. A coherent cross - sector approach with full buy - in by member states will be required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"461 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NATO and Quad: a China threat vs. a cross-functional Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific cooperation 北约和四方：中国威胁vs跨职能的欧洲-大西洋和印度-太平洋合作

IF 1 3区社会学

Asia Europe Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-025-00756-x

Jagannath Panda

{"title":"NATO and Quad: a China threat vs. a cross-functional Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific cooperation","authors":"Jagannath Panda","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00756-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00756-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the evolving security dynamics posed by China’s rise under Xi Jinping, with a focus on its implications for NATO and the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad). As China expands its influence through military modernization, economic initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and security frameworks such as the Global Development Initiative (GDI), it poses a multifaceted challenge to the liberal international order (LIO). The study examines how NATO and the Quad, representing Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific interests respectively, are adapting to these threats, particularly in light of China’s growing partnerships with authoritarian regimes like Russia, Iran, and North Korea. The paper explores whether these two security mechanisms, despite their distinct regional focuses and operational structures, can establish a cooperative relationship to counterbalance China’s global ambitions. It contends that while China’s rise and its authoritarian alliances represent significant threats, the feasibility of a coordinated NATO-Quad response remains uncertain, necessitating further strategic alignment to safeguard international stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"24 on","pages":"41 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The EU, China, and the future of climate finance 欧盟、中国和气候融资的未来

IF 1 3区社会学

Asia Europe Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-025-00748-x

Niall Duggan, Kim Vender, Jörn-Carsten Gottwald

{"title":"The EU, China, and the future of climate finance","authors":"Niall Duggan, Kim Vender, Jörn-Carsten Gottwald","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00748-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00748-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Relations between the European Union (EU) and the People’s Republic of China (China) face substantial strains. Cooperation in the fight against global warming seems to be one of the few areas where a strategic partnership might still be possible. Within the field of climate change governance, the issue of climate finance has gained substantial significance and was at the core of COP29. Here, important developments indicate a complex scenario for future collaboration: the EU’s hopes to preserve climate change as an “island of opportunity” for collaboration meet a Chinese revision of climate policy that seeks to raise it to a key foreign policy issue—thus linking it with core interests. At the technical level, despite several MoUs and declarations of intended cooperation, in climate finance, China and the EU have not agreed on a Chinese contribution to the Loss and Damage Fund at COP28. Finally, regarding the New Collective Quantified Goal on Finance, the EU and China are aligned on the importance of an updated goal but differ on how climate finance obligations should be structured. In the paper, we explore the current state of affairs in EU-China cooperation regarding climate finance (governance). We highlight the recent revision of China’s foreign policy approach and trace the positioning of both sides toward and at COP29. The paper identifies where the EU and China are diverging and converging in their approaches to climate finance and indicates future policy options.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"563 - 571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10308-025-00748-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subnational dimensions of the EU’s de-risking strategy in relations with China 欧盟在对华关系中降低风险战略的次国家层面

IF 1 3区社会学

Asia Europe Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-025-00746-z

Tomasz Kamiński

{"title":"Subnational dimensions of the EU’s de-risking strategy in relations with China","authors":"Tomasz Kamiński","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00746-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00746-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper highlights the strategic importance of integrating subnational governments into the European Union’s de-risking policy towards China, focusing on their unique contributions to mitigating dependencies and enhancing resilience. While the EU has shifted from a decoupling strategy to de-risking—emphasising diversification and safeguarding critical sectors—the role of subnational entities such as cities and regions remains underutilised. Often at the forefront of international partnerships, these actors engage in sectors vulnerable to geopolitical, economic, and reputational risks, but also present opportunities to support the EU’s strategic objectives. The paper demonstrates how subnational governments can be instrumental in diversifying partnerships across Asia, advancing the EU’s Global Gateway initiative, and contributing to industrial policy, all within the de-risking framework. It proposes a structured, three-step model—recognition, mechanisms for input, and best-practice sharing—to enhance the engagement of subnational actors in EU policies. By leveraging their expertise and local networks, cities and regions can play an essential role in strengthening the EU’s resilience, reducing over-reliance on China, and linking local initiatives with the Union’s broader strategic goals. Through a comprehensive analysis of risks, opportunities, and actionable recommendations, this paper underlines the critical need for multilevel governance in addressing the complexities of EU-China relations, positioning subnational actors as essential contributors to the Union’s de-risking strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"509 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10308-025-00746-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geopolitical conflicts and economic disruptions: Germany’s China policy under pressure 地缘政治冲突与经济动荡：德国对华政策面临压力

IF 1 3区社会学

Asia Europe Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-025-00751-2

Margot Schüller

{"title":"Geopolitical conflicts and economic disruptions: Germany’s China policy under pressure","authors":"Margot Schüller","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00751-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00751-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The European Union’s policy on China provided the foundation for Germany’s ‘Strategy on China’, published in 2023. By framing China as ‘partner, competitor, and systemic rival’, the EU’s 2019 policy signalled flexibility. However, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the attempt to weaponise energy imports in 2022 shifted the EU’s focus towards economic security and a ‘de-risking’ approach to China. Germany’s strategy revealed open dissension on two levels: within the ‘traffic light’ coalition government, and between government policy and the interests of German business. Business representatives, pointing to a weakening domestic economy and structural challenges in major industries, questioned the de-risking approach. This internal dissent hindered the development of a consistent China policy and obstructed effective responses to mounting economic and geopolitical challenges. Following the February 2025 election, a new coalition government was formed with the stated aim of reviving the domestic economy and pursuing a more assertive foreign policy. It announced a revision of the China strategy, continuing to follow the principle of de-risking. The first section of this paper examines the formation of Germany’s China strategy. The second section explores geopolitical and industrial factors. The third section analyses the response from German businesses. The fourth section discusses the current government’s approach to China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"489 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10308-025-00751-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Third Plenum of the Twentieth Party Congress: ideological fervor, economic pragmatism, and the possibilities for EU-China relations 二十届三中全会：意识形态热情、经济实用主义和中欧关系的可能性

IF 1 3区社会学

Asia Europe Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-025-00744-1

Bart Dessein, Jasper Roctus

{"title":"The Third Plenum of the Twentieth Party Congress: ideological fervor, economic pragmatism, and the possibilities for EU-China relations","authors":"Bart Dessein, Jasper Roctus","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00744-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00744-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has made solid progress in pursuing the high-quality development it urgently seeks, placing innovation at the core of its economic strategy. However, much like its initial technological leap during the reform and opening-up era—which was heavily reliant on technology imports—China continues to depend significantly on the West for (certain) advanced innovations and high-end technologies. This reliance helps explain why China remains committed to staying open to the global economy: as a source of raw materials, energy, and technology, and as a vital market for its manufactured goods. At the same time, Beijing is determined to avoid overdependence on foreign countries. This dual aim is reflected in the earlier ‘Dual Circulation Strategy’ (DCS), as well as in more recent concepts such as ‘new qualitative productive forces’ and ‘the country’s innovation system,’ highlighted in the ‘Resolution of the Third Plenum of the Twentieth Party Congress’ of July 2024. In light of this, the European Union (EU) has to contend with a PRC that is deeply nationalistic, proud of its economic achievements, yet also burdened by a faltering economy and a growing sense of strategic encirclement. Recognizing that both the EU and China have substantial stakes in each other’s sustainable growth and prosperity, this policy brief recommends that Brussels seize opportunities to renew dialogue and revitalize bilateral relations. Doing so could persuade Beijing that greater benefits lie in alignment with the EU than with alternative partners. Moreover, in a context of intensifying US-China tensions, reengagement with China may help preserve the functioning of global governance institutions and maintain the EU’s influence on the international stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"549 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0