{"title":"Asia in flux: network power, new regionalism, and global development","authors":"Hong Liu, Chen Li, Guanie Lim","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00759-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00759-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article introduces the special issue titled ‘Asia in flux: network power, new regionalism, and global development’. Alongside the other 13 articles, it examines the dynamics of Asian regionalisation through three interlinked themes: trade/production regimes, financial flows, and sociocultural networks. The collective message is that industrial upgrading across the region is rarely automatic, and very few economies have fully overcome the unequal terms of exchange imposed by more advanced nations. Financial flows, from foreign direct investment to infrastructure loans, offer both opportunities and challenges, often exposing domestic economies to the strategic agendas of major powers. Sociocultural assemblages, in various forms, mediate these political-economic forces, in turn shaping the winners and losers of region-building. Taken together, these articles provide a nuanced lens for understanding Asia’s past and ongoing regionalisation, offering insights into the complex interplay of forces shaping the region’s future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"229 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10308-025-00759-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From infrastructure space to network power: Chinese cross-border collaborative Special Economic Zones in Southeast Asia","authors":"Hong Liu, Chao Yao","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00738-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00738-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a growing scholarly attention to mega cross-border infrastructural projects in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) through collaborative Special Economic Zones (SEZs). While existing literature has explored relationships between special zones, usually produced through preferential economic policies, and the outside region, few studies take a view beyond the static demarcation of SEZs. This paper utilizes network power framework through the lens of infrastructuralization to investigate the changing and diversified emphasis of China’s application of the SEZ model. It delves into the development processes of the China-invested Sihanoukville SEZ in Cambodia and the Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park in Malaysia. The introduction of the Shenzhen model in the Sihanoukville SEZ brings in the idea and practice of administrative reconfiguration, and the zone becomes a constitutive part of the infrastructure that channels the planning codes into Cambodia. In comparison, with limited space for overseas developers, the zone in Malaysia serves as the infrastructure to secure logistics alternatives in the transnational production network. By investigating the SEZs' multi-faceted process of infrastructuralization, we argue that the SEZs constitute a key hub of the interactive networks and simultaneously an integral part of the channel for cross-border circulation of capital, people, ideas, technical standards, and practices. By transcending conventional territorial boundaries and integrating zoning codes with logistical infrastructures, China has effectively turned SEZs into nodes of both domestic urbanization and transnational power network entanglements. The Chinese model demonstrates the potential of zones to operate beyond enclave logics and instead function as strategic assemblage that rewrite state-market relations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"263 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10308-025-00738-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunheng Zhou, Weizhen Wang, Yiming Chen, Jiaai Tian, Kevin Tu
{"title":"Evaluating Eurasian countries’ global energy governance: a framework for analysis","authors":"Yunheng Zhou, Weizhen Wang, Yiming Chen, Jiaai Tian, Kevin Tu","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00743-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00743-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energy is the driving force of modern civilization. This paper introduces a global energy governance index (GEGI) based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model to evaluate and compare Global Energy Governance (GEG) performance among 48 Eurasian nations. The GEGI elucidates the disparities among nations in governance outcomes, closely linked to national income levels and the availability of energy resources. The highest rankings are predominantly held by affluent, resource-rich countries, succeeded by prosperous nations with limited energy assets. Following these are middle-income countries that possess a moderate supply of resources, whereas low- and middle-income nations are relegated to the lower tiers due to their inadequate resource endowments. The international community should focus on eliminating energy poverty, fostering energy security among importers and exporters, and maintaining strong relations among major powers in Eurasia, particularly between China and the EU, to effectively address the global energy and climate crisis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"193 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reassessing China’s economic power in Southeast Asia during the 2010 s: insights from the nexus of FDI-driven manufacturing and GVC trade","authors":"Yoon Ah Oh","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00735-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00735-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Southeast Asia’s primary foreign policy challenge amid the intensifying US-China rivalry is commonly framed as a pursuit of neutrality, which is premised on the region’s economic dependence on China and its security reliance on the USA. While widely accepted, the economic side of this framing largely rests on the assumption that China’s economic dominance in the region is indisputable. This article challenges this assumption by reassessing China’s role in Southeast Asia’s manufacturing sector during the 2010s. Empirical evidence shows that, while China was the region’s dominant supplier at the time, its role as an investor with key decision-making power in production networks remained limited. In this article, to better make sense of these results, a typology of sourcing relations centered on the alignment between foreign assemblers and their suppliers was developed, drawn from the FDI and GVC approaches. Two case studies illustrate key outcome categories involving Thailand and Vietnam. The findings suggest that China's economic position in SE Asia during the 2010s was more limited than commonly assumed, though this may be changing with the emergence of new technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"349 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10308-025-00735-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A ‘network power shift’ or up the value chain? Japan’s changing role in Asian political economy","authors":"Nikolay Murashkin, Olesya Emelyanova","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00733-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00733-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The goal of this article is to trace the evolution of Japan’s role in Southeast and South Asian political economy in the 2000s–2010s to understand how Japan’s previously established network power in Asian supply chains has changed amid much-discussed power shifts in the region. The increasing number of emerging and rising regional powers induces Japan to search for new approaches to support strong economic ties with the partners. Some of Japan’s approaches may seek to reflect the needs of the country’s partners, to maintain an image of a responsible stakeholder, while others include trade-offs regarding participation in emerging blocs and continuation of foreign economic policy based on national interests, as formulated by different domestic policy constituencies. The importance of network connections with Southeast Asia (SEA) and adjacent countries such as Bangladesh is determined by the region’s sustained growth potential, Japan’s continuing export-oriented economy and its attempts to stay relevant, while remaining a core node of regional value chains. Domestically, Japan’s reliance on export-led development has implications for debates on neoliberal policies and state capitalism inside Japan proper. Internationally, we seek to elucidate how Japan keeps pursuing its national interests in regional economic policy, while maintaining its existing geopolitical alignments amid increasingly networked regional security. We examine Japan’s policy initiatives and contextualise them within our analysis of trade and investment flows to clarify cooperation priorities and to identify shifts in Japan’s network power in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"239 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Candice A. Wray, Chieh Wang, Yu-Hsuan Wang, David C. McConville
{"title":"How do international students adjust to new cultural environments? A qualitative study of international students’ experience in Asian universities","authors":"Candice A. Wray, Chieh Wang, Yu-Hsuan Wang, David C. McConville","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00734-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00734-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on international students’ study experience has predominantly focused on host countries in Western contexts. This study addresses the need for qualitative research on international students’ experience in the Asian context. Using the <i>U</i>-curve model and psychological contract theory, this study examined the adjustment challenges and cognitive schema of international master’s degree students at two universities in Taiwan. The results showed that psychological contract theory is important in explaining the socio-emotional shifts across the <i>U</i>-curve. We present a five-stage model of adjustment with psychological contract embedded as an intraphase mental framework that guides how students interpret their experiences. Additionally, evidence indicated that the pre-arrival stage plays a critical role in the adjustment process. Furthermore, this study found differences in adjustment between Asian and non-Asian international students. While Asian students encounter social adjustment challenges, non-Asian students encounter challenges with academic adjustment and communication etiquette.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"171 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who is closerto whom? Exploring communication networks of EU delegation and its member states’ embassies in China","authors":"Li Zhang, Shujun Jiang, Xi Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00730-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00730-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How difficult is the EU to speak in one voice, especially in this digital age? This study uses social network analysis to explore the digital public diplomacy of the EU and its Member States (MS) through their social media activities on Chinese Weibo. It finds that the EU Delegation’s identity as a group leader is recognized by most member states, but generally, it has a weak coordinating role and lacks conversation with the third-country entities. Social identity theory and its extended model are employed to interpret the community formation of the EU and its MS’s communication network, especially how they interchange between an individual country, an EU membership identity, an intragroup identity, and a group identity. The study reveals that most EU MS play a more independent role in their digital public diplomacy activities in China rather than as a member of the Union, and the status of key members, such as France and Germany, is not inferior to that of the EU Delegation at all in the European intragroup in terms of as an information hub. This potentially would weaken the EU actorness at the global level once their voices are different from that of the EU.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"151 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bangladesh amidst great power competition: when middle power meets economic statecraft","authors":"Ariful Haque, Qinrou Zhou, Chengwei Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00729-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00729-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bangladesh, strategically positioned at the crossroads of South Asia and Southeast Asia, has emerged as a focal point for major global powers such as China, India, Japan, and the USA. The interaction of these nations with Bangladesh not only signifies the region’s economic potential but also unveils the complex geopolitical dynamics in action. China’s Belt and Road Initiative has notably expanded its influence in Bangladesh, while India, with historical ties and geographical proximity, plays a critical role in trade, security, and regional stability. Japan and Bangladesh elevated their previous comprehensive partnership to a strategic partnership in 2023. Simultaneously, the USA maintains a longstanding status as the country’s largest export market and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) source. Drawing from the literature on middle power and economic statecraft, this paper sheds light on how Bangladesh navigates the complex dynamics of global geopolitics as a middle power in South Asia. Applying trade, FDI, and Official Development Assistance (ODA) data from 2010 to 2022, our findings suggest that Bangladesh strategically balances the presence of these major powers to safeguard its interests, with their engagements showing more complementarity than competition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"327 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the economic impact of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership: a dynamic GTAP analysis Global and regional benefits of RCEP","authors":"Yanmei Wang, Wenying Yan","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00728-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00728-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ten-member countries formally submitted their ratifications, reaching the activation threshold for the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the largest global free trade agreement, which officially came into effect for these nations on 1 January 2022. Our study combines macroeconomic forecasts with policy impact assessments, utilizing the GTAP model and dynamic recursive methodologies to predict the impact of RCEP’s implementation on its member countries and the global economy. Our findings reveal the following: (1) The countries benefiting most from RCEP’s enactment are Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Vietnam, and Thailand. (2) In the short term, RCEP benefits ratifying nations, whereas non-effective ratifying and non-member countries experience varying economic losses. (3) However, over the long term, the economic spillover effects of RCEP are projected to foster global economic development, enhance social welfare, and increase global trade. Based on these conclusions, China and Southeast Asia should expedite the integration of the “Belt and Road” initiative with RCEP, tightly interlinking with the regional industrial and supply chains within the RCEP area to enhance the competitiveness of domestic industries and enterprises.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"209 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vietnam’s growing economic integration with the world: more or less Asian?","authors":"Guanie Lim, Chengwei Xu, Dang Thai Binh","doi":"10.1007/s10308-025-00726-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10308-025-00726-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes Vietnam’s growing economic integration with the rest of the world, illustrating its changing position in global investment and trade amidst recent US-China geopolitical competition, in addition to longer-term supply chain reorientation. Examining longitudinal data on foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade over the past two decades, the paper makes three arguments. First, the East Asian economies have collectively emerged as significant providers of FDI to Vietnam. In particular, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Japan, Korea, and Taiwan have challenged and even usurped the EU and the USA, especially in the wake of the 2008 global economic crisis. This also suggests Vietnam’s tighter integration into what is loosely termed “Factory Asia.” Second, Vietnam has indeed become a “connector economy” interlinking the US and Chinese economies. Vietnam’s imports are heavily dependent on key Northeast Asian economies, particularly China, while its exports are largely driven by demand from the US market. Our analysis demonstrates Vietnam’s conformance to the “supply in East, consume in West” model that earlier regional industrializers adopted in their high-growth era. Third, Vietnam’s openness towards FDI has indirectly stunted its domestic technological advancement. FDI has largely been directed towards export-oriented industries that are usually enclaved, resulting in modest linkages with Vietnam’s domestic firms. Bypassed by such FDI, Vietnamese firms primarily operate in cosseted industries like real estate, retail, and other services, with meager involvement in export and long-term capability building.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45680,"journal":{"name":"Asia Europe Journal","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"435 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}