Evaluating Eurasian countries’ global energy governance: a framework for analysis

Energy is the driving force of modern civilization. This paper introduces a global energy governance index (GEGI) based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model to evaluate and compare Global Energy Governance (GEG) performance among 48 Eurasian nations. The GEGI elucidates the disparities among nations in governance outcomes, closely linked to national income levels and the availability of energy resources. The highest rankings are predominantly held by affluent, resource-rich countries, succeeded by prosperous nations with limited energy assets. Following these are middle-income countries that possess a moderate supply of resources, whereas low- and middle-income nations are relegated to the lower tiers due to their inadequate resource endowments. The international community should focus on eliminating energy poverty, fostering energy security among importers and exporters, and maintaining strong relations among major powers in Eurasia, particularly between China and the EU, to effectively address the global energy and climate crisis.