Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Perceptions of Community Pharmacists Towards Patient Counseling and Continuing Pharmacy Education Programs in Sudan.","authors":"Riham M Hamadouk,&nbsp;Bashir A Yousef,&nbsp;Esra D Albashair,&nbsp;Fatimah M Mohammed,&nbsp;Ahmed H Arbab","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S406219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S406219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacists are uniquely positioned at the heart of communities, and their patient counseling role is the cornerstone for achieving the required therapeutic goals. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to explore the perceptions of community pharmacists regarding patient counseling, and their perception towards continuing pharmacy education programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive, cross-sectional design was performed among randomly selected 238 community pharmacies in Khartoum locality (Sudan) from September 2022 to December 2022. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire adopted from a previous study with few minor modifications, which was adding three sociodemographic questions. Descriptive statistics were carried out according to the study objective to analyze the pharmacists' responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of the community pharmacists gave counseling and understood its importance to the patients, most of them (70.6%) took 1-5 minutes during the dispensing process. The dose was the most provided information by community pharmacists (26.7%) followed by administration (23.7%) and duration (22.4%). Few (28.2%) of the patients ask the pharmacists about the cost of the medication. Lack of patients' interest (55%) was the major barrier to effective counseling followed by lack of time (47.9%). Almost all (96.2%) pharmacists in this study were interested in continuing pharmacy education programs, and they preferred programs focusing on common diseases (36.6%), and common drugs (30.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that the majority of community pharmacists in the Khartoum locality had positive perceptions toward patient counseling and they were interested in continuing pharmacy education programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/e2/iprp-12-77.PMC10082612.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9284030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Pharmacist-Led Pharmaceutical Care Interventions Within Community Pharmacies: Narrative Review.","authors":"Ismaeil Eldooma,&nbsp;Maha Maatoug,&nbsp;Mirghani Yousif","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S408340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S408340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmaceutical care (PhC) services interventions led by pharmacists within community pharmacies (CPs) are essential in achieving optimal medication use outcomes. PhC is a concept related to medication use goals optimization through the reduction and prevention of drug-related problems (DRPs). This review paper summarized the literature on pharmacist-led PhC interventions within CPs. PubMed and Google Scholar publications were searched, identified, and summarized. Results showed that some studies handled community pharmacists' roles, and some talked about PhC interventions. However, some studies reviewed the use of medicines, adherence, and follow-up, while other groups were on counseling, patient education, and health promotion. Pharmacists integrated some studies concerning diagnosis and disease screening into community pharmacy services. Besides these studies, there were studies on system design and installation of PhC service models. Most of the identified research results showed pharmacist-led intervention benefits for patients. These benefits include reduced DRPs, clinical, economical, humane, education and knowledge, disease prevention and immunization, identification of practice process problems, and the need for current practice redesigning. In conclusion, pharmacists can help patients achieve optimal outcomes through pharmacist-led interventions. Despite mentioned results, We recommend researching comprehensively applied PhC services provision models within CPs for more pharmacists-led interventions and role activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"113-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/d1/iprp-12-113.PMC10198268.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9557905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Changes in Attitudes, Behaviors, and Self-Measured Health Data Through Lifestyle Modification Support by Community Pharmacists: Suito-Ogaki Selfcare (SOS) Trial.","authors":"Yasushi Hibino,&nbsp;Shohei Matsumoto,&nbsp;Hisamitsu Nagase,&nbsp;Takamasa Nakamura,&nbsp;Yoshihito Kato,&nbsp;Tatsuya Isomura,&nbsp;Michiko Hori","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S408813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S408813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Contributing to public health by supporting people's health is the social mission of community pharmacists. This multicenter, prospective case series study aimed to evaluate changes in people's behavior and health states through community pharmacists' self-care support for healthy lifestyles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were recruited from voluntary adults aged ≥20 years who agreed to participate in the study, at community pharmacies in Gifu, Japan, between June and September 2021. Participants self-managed their lifestyles for six months while recording their health data, including blood pressure (BP), daily using devices (home BP monitor, body composition monitor, and activity meter) and a diet-recording app. They received lifestyle modification support at pharmacies at least once per month. Participants' subjective health status, attitudes, and behavioral changes were evaluated using self-report questionnaires. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, data were primarily analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four participants aged 20 to 77 (mean age: 49.6 years; female participant proportion: 55.6%) participated in this study. Their mean weekly BP shifted almost horizontally from baseline to week 24 (systolic BP: 118.8 to 121.5 mmHg; diastolic BP: 76.1 to 77.5 mmHg). At six months, 38.9% and 35.2% of the participants reported better overall health and mental health, respectively, than at baseline. Over 85% of the participants became more proactive in improving their lifestyles regarding salt intake, diet, weight loss, and exercise, although drinking and smoking habits were more challenging to change. All the participants reported that they intended to continue to improve their lifestyle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The participants' responses suggested that community pharmacists' support helped increase participants' health awareness and promote their health-enhancing behaviors. However, its impact on health parameters should be further examined in future studies. More vigorous, tailored self-care support may be worth considering in developing a more effective, community-fitted health/well-being support system in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"87-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/c1/iprp-12-87.PMC10143748.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9763049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Dispensing Malpractice in Community Drug Retail Outlets in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Simulated Patient Experience.","authors":"Achenef Bogale Kassie,&nbsp;Teklie Mengie Ayele,&nbsp;Melaku Mekonnen Agidew","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S416830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S416830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmacy professionals in community drug retail outlets, as the most accessible personnel for the community, are engaged in consultation and responding to health problems in addition to filling prescriptions. In doing so, different dispensing malpractices are observed and much is not known on the issue in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed at assessing dispensing malpractice at pharmacies, drug stores and drug vendors in South Gondar zone.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study design with a descriptive approach was applied from April 1 to June 30. The data was collected using the simulated patient method. Seven prescription-only medicines and a diarrheal case were requested during visit. All drug retail outlets in South Gondar zone that were in service during data collection were visited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost all prescription-only medications were dispensed without prescription at all community drug retail outlets. Of all the dispensaries, 19 (82.6%) provided a partial dosage regimen of amoxicillin. Presence of fever and pregnancy status were asked about by dispensers in only 8% and 20% of visits for diarrhea, respectively. Medication history was also rarely requested. Medication was dispensed in 80% of visits for diarrhea, all of which included antimicrobials. Oral rehydration salt was considered in only two (10%) dispensaries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dispensing medications without a prescription is common in community drug retail outlets in South Gondar zone in Amhara Regional State. Our findings also showed that detailed assessments of patients' signs and symptoms are not performed properly by the dispensers to understand the diarrheal case. Training of pharmacy professionals and strict regulatory control are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"171-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/51/iprp-12-171.PMC10386832.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9913629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Pharmacists' Views on the Early Stages of Implementation of a National Pilot Independent Prescribing Service in Wales: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Efi Mantzourani,&nbsp;Rhian Deslandes,&nbsp;Karen Hodson,&nbsp;Andrew Evans,&nbsp;Lydia Taylor,&nbsp;Cherie Lucas","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S395322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S395322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A pilot Independent Prescribers' Service (IPS) was introduced in 13 community pharmacies across Wales in June 2020. Independent Pharmacist Prescribers (IPPs) could prescribe in the areas of management of acute conditions, contraception, or opioid withdrawal, as agreed with local commissioners. Access to the patients' medical records was provided via <i>Choose Pharmacy</i>, the national community pharmacy IT platform.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the experiences of IPPs delivering the service and commissioners responsible for financial resources regarding the IPS in Wales.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative methodology was employed, with purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews, and inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes were constructed from 13 interviews (n=9 IPPs; n=4 commissioners): (i) patient experience and safety; (ii) professional enablement and rebalancing workload of GPs; (iii) role and limitations of remote consultations; (iv) funding and business model; (v) functionality on <i>Choose Pharmacy</i> to support patient care. The design of the service allowed pharmacists to determine how best to deliver the IPS, maximizing access for patients and promoting a sense of professional value amongst pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study builds on the body of evidence on enhanced patient experience with prescribing services in the community, reinforcing that IPPs have a key role in rebalancing management of common conditions from GP surgeries to community pharmacies. Several considerations need to be addressed to ensure future success of the service implementation, delivery and enhanced sustainability, such as formal referral pathways and access to medical records. These can be used by other commissioning bodies in the UK and internationally to build a network of suitably supported IPPs, confident to appropriately deal with uncomplicated acute and chronic conditions; and liaise with primary and/or secondary care when referrals are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"11-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/f1/iprp-12-11.PMC9888007.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9213181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Knowledge of Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship Concepts Among Final Year Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Northern Nigeria.","authors":"Samirah N Abdu-Aguye, Kromdi G Barde, Hadiza Yusuf, Basira Kankia Lawal, Aishatu Shehu, Elijah Mohammed","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S385692","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S385692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Well trained, knowledgeable and competent pharmacists are indispensable in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a current global public health problem. The aim of this work was to assess knowledge of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship of fifth year pharmacy students at three universities in Northern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study that used a paper-based questionnaire to collect data from July to September 2021 was conducted. The questionnaire was self-administered and divided into four sections. The first section collected information about the demographic data of respondents, while section B explored their knowledge of antibiotics and AMR. Section C contained six questions assessing knowledge of various aspects of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), while the final part assessed respondents' preparedness to work with antibiotics and perceptions of their current knowledge of these concepts. Descriptive statistics were used to report the results obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 164 questionnaires were retrieved. Majority of respondents were male (58.3%) and aged between 21 and 25 years (53.4%). Most of them had some knowledge of antibiotics and AMR, however several misconceptions with respect to these concepts were identified. Only 80 (48.8%) of respondents indicated that they knew what AMS was, although most of these students were correctly knowledgeable about the goals and scope of AMS and composition of the AMS team. Generally, less than half of respondents agreed that their current knowledge of antibiotics, AMR or AMS was adequate for their future careers, and over 90% of them agreed that they would like more education about these topics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many of the study's' respondents were somewhat knowledgeable about these concepts, although several knowledge gaps were also observed. Improving undergraduate pharmacy education with respect to these concepts is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"11 ","pages":"187-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/cb/iprp-11-187.PMC9793721.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10446272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of HIV Rapid Test Kits Inventory Management Practice and Challenges in Public Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [Corrigendum]","authors":"Azmeraw Bekele, Fenet Gemechu, Mihretu Ayalew","doi":"10.2147/iprp.s369644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/iprp.s369644","url":null,"abstract":"[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/IPRP.S356134.].","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"66 1","pages":"95 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72486373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Potential Drug Interactions with AiDKlinik® in a Random Population Sample","authors":"J. Schmidberger, C. Kloth, Martin Müller, W. Kratzer, J. Klaus","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S351938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S351938","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Undesirable drug interactions are frequent, they endanger the success of therapy, and they lead to adverse drug reactions. The present study aimed to evaluate statistically potentially drug interactions in a locally circumscribed, random sample population. Patients and Methods In a random sample population of 264 patients taking medications, we performed analyses with the drug information system AiDKlinik®. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4. Results Statistically potentially drug interactions were recorded in 82/264 (31.1%) subjects, including 39/82 (47.56%) men, and 43/82 (52.43%) women (χ2= 0.081; p = 0.776). The average number of potential possible interactions detected per person was 1.60 ± 1.21. The regression model with the variables age, body-mass-index and number of long-term-medications shows a significant association between the number of long-term medications taken and the number of moderately severe and severe reactions to drug interactions (F(3.239) = 28.67, p < 0.0001; (t(239) 8.28; p < 0.0001)). After backward elimination, the regression model showed a significant interaction with the number of long-term medications (t (240) = 8.73, p < 0.0001) and body-mass-index (t (240) = 2.02, p = 0.0442). In descriptive analysis, the highest percentages of potential drug interactions occurred in 42/82 (51.22%) subjects with body mass indices (BMIs) >25 kg/m2 and in 28/82 (34.15%) subjects aged 61–70 years. Conclusion Number of long-term medications use, age, and obesity may lead to increased drug–drug interactions in a random population sample.","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"49 1","pages":"61 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73404435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of HIV Rapid Test Kits Inventory Management Practice and Challenges in Public Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Azmeraw Bekele, Fenet Gemechu, Mihretu Ayalew","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S356134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S356134","url":null,"abstract":"Background Many people with undiagnosed HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa and vulnerable laboratory systems undermine testing services. Methods A facility-based mixed-approach cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to February 1, 2020. A total of 23 health facilities were included in the study which stratified into hospitals and health centers. Six months of bin card records and request and resupply forms (RRFs) were reviewed. Data were collected through physical inventory, observation, and document review. After the data was imported into the MS Excel 2016 spreadsheet, it was analyzed using SPSS | Version 20 | Software. In addition, 12 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted and responses were analysed using a thematic approach. Results The entire health facility had RRF reports and bin card records while the availability of HIV rapid test kits was 75%. More than half, 38 (55.1%) of the bin card records were updated and the average data accuracy of bin cards was 84.1%. The data quality of the RRF reports was determined accurate 18 (78.3%), complete 15 (65.22%), and on-time 7 (30.3%). Sixteen (69.6%) health facilities experienced at least one stock out with an average daily stock out of 4%. The wastage rate was 0.0083%. Only 9 (39.1%) health facilities have fulfilled acceptable storage conditions. Conclusion Most of the health facilities did no longer fulfilled acceptable storage conditions. Similarly, the data quality of most bin card records and RRF reports was poor. This deprived inventory management practice was likely related to supply, staff, and documentation challenges.","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"17 1","pages":"85 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83630946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Inventory Management Using ABC-VEN Matrix Analysis in Selected Health Facilities of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Magarsa Bayissa Deressa, T. B. Beressa, Awol Jemal","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S354810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S354810","url":null,"abstract":"Background The medical materials, medical supplies, and medicines cover about one-third of the annual health care organization’s budget. Effective inventory management is required to balance inventory expenditure against demands for medications. The study aimed to analyze the pharmaceuticals inventory management using ABC-VEN Matrix in selected health facilities of the West Shewa zone. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in health facilities of the West Shewa zone from March 15, 2019, to May 31, 2019, and analyzed by using an MS Excel spreadsheet. Results At selected public health facilities of West Shewa zone in three years between September 12, 2015, and September 5, 2018, about 539 pharmaceutical items were utilized and consumed 30,837,628.61 ETB. ABC analysis indicated that 64 (11.9%), 68 (13.74%), and 38 (11.14%) of items were classified as the class “A” items and consumed around 70% of the total pharmaceutical expenditures (TPE) at selected health facilities (aggregated), hospitals, and health centers (HC), respectively. VEN analysis revealed that 115 (35.94%), 99 (35.61%), and 40 (20.83%) items were categorized as vitals and consumed 53.9%, 51.59%, and 36.93% of TPE at selected health facilities. ABC-VEN matrix analysis indicated that category I items consumed 85% of TPE. Conclusion ABC-VEN matrix analysis of present study showed that the category I pharmaceuticals consumed a majority of TPE that need great attention for control.","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":"47 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82611276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}