Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Ecopharmacology: Knowledge, Attitude, and Medication Disposal Practice Among Pharmacy Students.","authors":"Kale Gubae,&nbsp;Tilaye Arega Moges,&nbsp;Samuel Agegnew Wondm,&nbsp;Fasil Bayafers Tamene,&nbsp;Mekdes Kiflu,&nbsp;Endalamaw Aschale,&nbsp;Eyayaw Ashete Belachew","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S428457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S428457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ecopharmacology, as a form of drug management for the environment, focuses on the impact of drugs on the environment. Pharmacists, and by extension pharmacy students, are expected to play an important role in ecopharmacology. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude towards ecopharmacology and the practice of disposal of leftover or expired medicines among pharmacy students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among pharmacy students in Northwestern Ethiopia. The study took place from May 1 to June 15, 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred and forty-five students were included in the study. Only 91 (20%) of the students were aware of the term ecopharmacology, 27% knew that excretion from the human or animal body is the major route by which pharmaceutical agents enter the environment, and 42% were aware of the risk of increased antimicrobial resistance due to antibiotic residues in the environment. In addition, only 27% of respondents reported receiving information about the disposal of pharmaceuticals. The most common method of disposing of medications was throwing them away in household trash (61.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that while most pharmacy students in Ethiopia have a positive attitude toward ecopharmacology, they do not know enough about ecopharmacology and dispose of their medicines poorly. More uniform education in ecopharmacology and pharmaceutical pollution might be warranted in the pharmacy curriculum.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"185-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10612519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policy in Saudi Arabia: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ahmer Hameed Mirza, Abdulmajeed Alqasomi, Faris El-Dahiyat, Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S410262","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S410262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This scoping review includes studies on pharmaceutical access, shortages, generics, availability, pharmacoeconomics, and pricing restrictions. The study's findings may aid in developing excellent pharmaceutical and access policies in the country.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a scoping review documenting access to medicines and Pharmaceutical Policy in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The PRISMA-ScR guidelines were used to perform a scoping review. The articles were screened using databases from Google Scholar, EBSCO, Science Direct, and the University of Huddersfield Library. The selection, aims, results, and conclusion of each original research publication published between 2010 and 2022 were evaluated. To categorize the articles, a theme analysis was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study includes nineteen publications. The chosen articles revealed four themes. Among these topics were: Access to medications 36.84% Pharmacoeconomic 36.84%), which were the predominant theme followed by Generic Medicines 15.80%, and Cancer drug financing 10.54%. There are myriad challenges related to high-cost medicines. Access restrictions to medications have significant effects on patient morbidity and mortality; as a result, policy decision-makers frequently consider this issue. Access to medicines suffers budgetary limitations and the increasing cost of innovative medicines. Access to medicines for all patients could be significantly impacted by delays in patient access to new therapies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The available evidence revealed that Saudi Arabia's healthcare system has numerous issues ranging from cancer drug financing, medicine shortages, and access issue. In order to achieve the highest health standards possible, it is crucial that each individual has access to medicines and has the financial, physical, and social means to do so. However, the price of some medications can be prohibitive for people who need to obtain them. The study's outcomes could help the country develop pharmaceutical and access policies related to medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"137-155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/8c/iprp-12-137.PMC10356550.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9918430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Focus on the Role of the Pharmacist.","authors":"Jessica Farrell, Lawrence Ho","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S399518","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S399518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc), which becomes fibrosing and progressive in some patients. Regular monitoring of patients with SSc-ILD is important to assess progression and inform treatment decisions. Therapy for SSc-ILD may include immunomodulatory and antifibrotic therapies. Therapeutic decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis, ideally following multidisciplinary discussion. Most patients with SSc-ILD have several organ manifestations of SSc or comorbidities and are taking a complex medication regimen. Patients with SSc are particularly susceptible to gastrointestinal side-effects of medications due to the gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease. Pharmacists play an important role in the management of patients with SSc-ILD by assisting patients with access to medications, optimizing medication regimens, and advising on alternative dosage forms. Pharmacists can also contribute to patient education to help patients better understand their treatment and how to prevent and manage potential side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"101-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/4c/iprp-12-101.PMC10164394.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmaceutical Care Within Community Pharmacies: Tools Availability and Pharmacists' Views, Wad-Medani, Sudan.","authors":"Ismaeil Eldooma,&nbsp;Maha Maatoug,&nbsp;Mirghani Yousif","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S399265","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S399265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmaceutical Care (PhC) services within community pharmacies (CPs) have become a vital issue in many developed countries.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study assessed the availability of PhC tools and pharmacists' views towards PhC services within CPs in Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020 using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. The participants were 120 community pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-eight percent of respondents used to work in pharmacies near homes rather than within the marketplace. The study revealed that the overall tool availability of the assessed components and items was only 25% (Counselling areas 3%, Records 5%, Pharmacist identity 3%, Pharmacy phones 15%, Medical devices 38%, and Staff 29%). The result of pharmacists' views towards the PhC concept, roles, and responsibilities showed a high level of agreement, at 88%, with a statistically insignificant difference between participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tools available within CPs were lower than required. However, pharmacists' views showed a high agreement level towards PhC concept roles and responsibilities. Community pharmacists, academic sectors, and regulatory authorities must start initiatives to improve the provision of PhC tools for better patient care service delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/16/iprp-12-37.PMC9930573.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10763420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Pharmacy Professional's Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice with Regard to Pediatric Pain Management.","authors":"Abdella Birhan Yabeyu, Kaleab Taye Haile, Selamu Molore","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S391415","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S391415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective pain relief is an essential component of high-quality healthcare delivery, and pharmacists must be well versed in pain mechanisms, assessment, and management. This study examined community pharmacy professional's (CPPs) knowledge and attitude towards pediatric pain management in Community pharmacies (CPs) and Drug Retail Outlets (DRO) of Ambo and Ginchi towns, west central Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross sectional study was conducted in Ambo and Ginchi towns, the western part of the nation's capital. All voluntary CPPs working by CPs and DRSs in the towns of Ambo and Ginchi were included in the current study. SPSS version 25 was then used to process, analyze, and interpret the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 131 CPPs who were approached for the study, 104 agreed to participate and returned the questionnaire. CPPs mean knowledge score on pediatric pain management was 6.69 ±1.92, with a minimum score of 2 and a maximum score of 17. The majority of CPPs 82 (87.2%) in the study did not correctly answer half of the questions. Most of CPPs, 98 (94.3%), admitted they had no training in pain management, and 102 (98.2%) of the respondents said the same about pediatric pain management. The finding indicated that CPPs work experience in CP or DROs had impact on their knowledge about pediatric pain management and similarly, the mean knowledge score of pharmacists was higher than that of pharmacy technicians.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that CPPs have inadequate knowledge and attitude to provide effective pediatric pain management service. To bridge the knowledge gap and effectively control pediatric pain, pharmacists who are actively practicing their profession are advised to continue their medical education and training.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/1d/iprp-12-1.PMC9850829.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10598405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude of Medicine Wastage and Perceived Contributing Factors Among Public Health Facilities in Dire-Dawa City Administration, in Mid COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia: Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Abera Bedasa Alemu,&nbsp;Neil Abdurashid Ibrahim,&nbsp;Kiber Wolde Argaw","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S395102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S395102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>World Health Organization refers medication waste as expired, unused, spilled, and contaminated pharmaceutical items, medications, vaccines, and sera. Budget constraints in financing the health care system together with huge amount of wastage and disposal costs of unused medications at LMIC create a serious risk to the economy, health care system and environment. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the rate of medication waste and to identify contributing factors in public health facilities in Dire-Dawa city.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institution-based retrospective, cross-sectional study was supplemented by a qualitative study design from May 10 to June 10, 2021, at 2 public hospitals and 14 health centers. Qualitative data were collected by self-administered questionnaires and 2 years record review. In-depth interviews were used to obtain qualitative data. Excel sheets and SPSS version 20 and thematic analysis were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An average medicine wastage rate was 3.07% between 2010 and 2012 EFY, in Dire-Dawa public health facilities that worth 4,048,594.0 ETB. The most wasted class of medication was anti-infectives, accounting for 2,360,330 ETB (58.3%), while tablets 2,615,391 ETB (64.6%). Medical waste has been linked to several issues, including pushing nearly expired medications to healthcare institutions, lack of clinician involvement in medication selection and quantification, rapid changes in treatment regimens, and the existence of overstocked medication shelves.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The average rate of medication waste was higher than the allowed level of 2%. The only medications that should be accepted by medical facilities are those that can be used before they expire. All prescribers should receive lists of the drugs that are readily available from the pharmacy department, and clinicians should be involved in the quantification and drug selection processes to increase the effectiveness of the use of medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"61-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/f3/iprp-12-61.PMC10028296.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9172016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Inventory Management Performance of Tracer Medicines Across Primary Health Care Units, Gamo Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities and People's Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Aynoshe Adio Alemu,&nbsp;Teferi Gedif Fenta,&nbsp;Dawit Teshome Gebregeorgise","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S401888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S401888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inventory management ensures access to tracer medicines (TMs) for priority health-care needs. Factors that impede its performance across primary health-care units (PHCUs) are less explored in Ethiopia. The current study assessed factors affecting the inventory management performance of TMs across PHCUs, Gamo zone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 46 PHCUs between April 1 and May 30, 2021. The data were collected using document review and physical observation. A stratified simple random sampling was employed. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. The results were summarized as mean and percentage. Pearson's product-moment coefficient and ANOVA were employed at a 95% CI. The correlation test established the relationships between dependent and independent variables. ANOVA test compared the performance between PHCUs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inventory management performance of TMs across PHCUs is below the standard. On average stock according to the plan is 18%, the stock-out rate is 43%, the inventory accuracy rate is 78.5%, and availability across PHCUs is 78%. 72.3% of visited PHCUs fulfill storage condition criteria. Inventory management performance decreases downward the levels of PHCUs. There is a positive correlation between the availability of TMs and supplier order fill rate, r = 0.82, p < 0.01; between the availability of TMs and report accuracy, r = 0.54, p < 0.001; and between TMs stocked according to the plan and supplier order fill rate, r = 0.46, p < 0.01. The inventory accuracy was significantly different between primary hospitals and health posts (p = 0.009, 95% C.I = [7.57, 60.93]); and health centers and health posts (p = 0.016, 95% CI = [2.32, 25.97]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inventory management performance of TMs is below the standard. It is attributable to supplier performance, the quality of the report, and performance variation across PHCUs. These result in the interruption of TMs in PHCUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/08/iprp-12-49.PMC9969800.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10824319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Framework for Locating Prescribed Medication at Pharmacies.","authors":"Matiwos Tekalign Wondmagegn,&nbsp;Evarist Nabaasa,&nbsp;Endashaw Amsalu Melesse,&nbsp;Ewunate Assaye Kassaw","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S415674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S415674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accessibility of available medication at pharmacies is one of the core problems in the health sector of developing countries. The mechanism for optimally accessing the available drugs in pharmacies is unclear. Usually, patients in need are compelled to haphazardly switch between pharmacies in search of their prescription medications due to lack of information about the locations of pharmacies with required drug.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective of this study is to develop a framework that will simplify the process of identifying and locating nearest pharmacy when searching for prescribed medications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary constraints (distance, drug cost, travel time, travel cost, opening and closing hours of pharmacies) in accessing required prescribed medications from pharmacies were identified from literature, and the client's and pharmacies' latitude and longitude coordinates were used to find the nearest pharmacies that have the required prescribed medication in stock.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The framework with web application was developed and tested on simulated patients and pharmacies and was successful in optimizing the identified constraints.</p><p><strong>Discussions: </strong>The framework will potentially reduce patient expenses and prevent delays in obtaining medication. It will also contribute for future pharmacy and e-Health information systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"127-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/f8/iprp-12-127.PMC10292612.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9726344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicines Wastage and Its Contributing Factors in Public Health Facilities of South Gondar Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.","authors":"Muluneh Guadie,&nbsp;Mulusew Andualem Asemahagn,&nbsp;Abekyelesh Tefera,&nbsp;Wondim Melkam,&nbsp;Habtemariam Alekaw Habteweld,&nbsp;Dagninet Derebe","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S415375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S415375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In developing countries like Ethiopia, medicines wastage becomes a major healthcare system challenge. However, data that displayed the type, extent, and contributing factors of medicines wastage were limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A health facility-based explanatory sequential mixed study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2022. One drug and therapeutics committee (DTC) and one store man per health facility, working during the study period were included for their perception of medicines wastage and possible causes. As key informants, 1 Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and 1pharmacy head were also included per facility. In total, 80 participants were included in this study. The quantitative data to determine the magnitude of medicine wastage were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall medicines wastage in the three consecutive years was 6.3%. The trend over the three years indicated that medicines wastage is 6.5%, 5.9%, and 6.5% in 2011, 2012, and 2013 Ethiopian Fiscal Year (EFY), respectively. The medicine wastage rate has been increasing nearly by 3% between 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. The main sources of wastage of medicines were expiry (99.3%). The perceived reasons for such medicine's wastage were near-expiry medicines (<6 months) being delivered to the health facilities by suppliers, poor communication and coordination with key stakeholders, and the presence of overstocked medicines due to improper forecasting of need in the facilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is an excessive rate of medicines wastage which needs immediate mitigation by exchanging nearly expired medicines with other health facilities, communicating with suppliers and even prescribers, using auditable pharmaceutical transactions and services (APTS), providing continuous training, pursuing quality and safety medicines reuse scheme, implementation of pharmacist waste-reducing activities in all stages of the pharmaceutical supply chain, reducing medication amounts in stock, and through the use of electronic stock management tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/28/17/iprp-12-157.PMC10386854.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9910334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to Good Pharmacy Practices by Community Pharmacies in Lebanon and Opportunities for Quality Improvement: It is Time to Act.","authors":"Alein Bou-Saba,&nbsp;Kassem M Kassak,&nbsp;Pascale Salameh","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S377635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S377635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Good pharmacy practice is an important standard that highlight the quality of services in community pharmacies. In 2018, The Order of Pharmacists in Lebanon (OPL) published their own good pharmacy practices (GPP) guidelines. The need exists for investigational studies to assess GPP implementation status and the professional conduct of on-site staff towards these standards.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection was carried out between February and August 2020 using a questionnaire covering: Socio-demographic variables; Indicator A (Attitude of the Community Pharmacists); Indicator B (Services and Facilities); Indicator C (Dispensing); Indicator D (Storage). Data analysis were performed on SPSS version 25, <i>T</i>-Test and ANOVA were used. A significant p value of <0.001, 95% confidence interval and variables with missing data counting less than 10% were considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 211 staffers from pharmacies were enrolled in the study, each representing one community pharmacy. The mean percent of adherence to GPP standards by community pharmacies in the South of Lebanon was below the recommended threshold of 75%. Only 65.09% adhered to all tested indicators (27% to Indicator A, 56.91% to Indicator B, 68.61% to Indicator C, 66.31% to Indicator D). Higher indicators were seen among providers who were aware of OPL standards (OR = 4.021), female (OR= 2.011) and being a licensed pharmacist (OR=3.506). Cronbach alpha of the overall score was 0.615.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further steps shall be taken to improve the compliance to GPP standards. Steps shall include, identification of the core standards, such as dispensing, provision of adequate information, monitoring of storage conditions, and ensuring the presence of a licensed pharmacist. It is highly recommended that the OPL and the Ministry of Public Health develop a \"Self-assessment tool\" and an efficient training program to increase community Pharmacists' awareness status. Regular assessment shall be carried to monitor the progress overtime.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"12 ","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/0c/iprp-12-25.PMC9888014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10647014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}