{"title":"Study of structural and morphological properties of RF-sputtered SnO2 thin films and their effect on gas-sensing phenomenon","authors":"A. Arora, S. Mahajan, Maya Verma, D. Haridas","doi":"10.2478/ijssis-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present work focuses on understanding the impact of varying the thickness of SnO2 thin films on its gas-sensing response. Systematic studies were conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on the structural and morphological properties of SnO2 thin films, which were thereafter correlated for a deeper understanding of the sensing phenomenon. The structural and morphological properties of SnO2 thin films were found to be highly dependent on the film thickness. The 90 nm SnO2 thin film exhibits the maximum sensing response to 200 ppm liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). A rough microstructure and the maximum surface-to-volume ratio of the 90 nm SnO2 thin film favors the gas-sensing response. It also possesses the smallest grain size, with the majority of crystallites oriented along the preferred (110) plane. The results suggest the possibility of utilizing the 90 nm SnO2 thin film as a base material, which can be further modified using a catalyst for the efficient detection of LPG gas in the future.","PeriodicalId":45623,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46680151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abolfazl Abdollahi, Biswajeet Pradhan, Abdullah Alamri
{"title":"Regional-Scale Analysis of Vegetation Dynamics Using Satellite Data and Machine Learning Algorithms: A Multi-Factorial Approach","authors":"Abolfazl Abdollahi, Biswajeet Pradhan, Abdullah Alamri","doi":"10.2478/ijssis-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accurate vegetation analysis is crucial amid accelerating global changes and human activities. Achieving precise characterization with multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data is challenging. In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of 2021's seasonal vegetation cover in Greater Sydney using Google Earth Engine (GEE) to process Sentinel-2 data. Using the random forest (RF) method, we performed image classification for vegetation patterns. Supplementary factors such as topographic elements, texture information, and vegetation indices enhanced the process and overcome limited input variables. Our model outperformed existing methods, offering superior insights into season-based vegetation dynamics. Multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data, topographic elements, vegetation indices, and textural factors proved to be critical for accurate analysis. Leveraging GEE and rich Sentinel-2 data, our study would benefit decision-makers involved in vegetation monitoring.","PeriodicalId":45623,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135104946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utilizing augmented reality technology for teaching fundamentals of the human brain and EEG electrode placement","authors":"Charlee Kaewrat, Yunyong Punsawad","doi":"10.21307/ijssis-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper demonstrates the use of augmented reality (AR) to teach the fundamental aspects of the human brain and guide proper EEG electrode placement. The proposed application consists of two main parts: (1) the proposed marker-based AR system uses the Vuforia technique to determine the dimension of the head to create the virtual brain and virtual EEG electrodes; and (2) user interaction and implementation. We performed two experiments using a phantom head to verify the size and workspace area of the marker and validated the position of the virtual electrode with ground truth data. The results showed that the proposed method can be employed for electrode placement guidance in the recommended range. We aim to use the proposed system for beginners. We will further test the system with human heads to evaluate the usability and determine key areas for application improvement.","PeriodicalId":45623,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48005906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smart greenhouses using internet of things: case study on tomatoes","authors":"S. Juneidi","doi":"10.2478/ijssis-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many practices are available to apply to smart agricultural methods, defended as allowing monitoring and controlling the environment necessary for the growth of many crops. Due to the random conditions affecting crop growing and cultivation, the idea of greenhouse use is emerging, as a way of managing all variables affecting growth and production of crops. Photosynthesis is the most important process for plants, with three main inputs: water, light, and carbon dioxide. Atmospheric temperature and humidity, soil richness, and plant nutrition are also vital for crop production. This research is concerned with controlling the environment of plants and plant nutrition. The Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed in this research as a solution to control and to manage all of these variables. Most important was to find a method that provides perfect analysis and control of a suitable environment for crops in greenhouses. Smart management of variables to manage crops is becoming a necessity. With IoT we can keep an eye on and manage all variables to grow crops in the best conditions for crop production. This article will discuss the kinds of variables that play important roles in growing a good crop. The next issue is how to retrieve these variables as big data, using sensors; how to save them to the cloud for processing; and then how to create actions according to readings of variables and predefined interdependent relations, with the main aim of better production in smart greenhouses.","PeriodicalId":45623,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42447018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eigen-structure problem optimization for multirate, multi-input multi-output systems applied to a roll rate autopilot","authors":"A. Roosta, Alireza Soltanimehr","doi":"10.2478/ijssis-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, an optimal solution to the eigen-structure problem that dramatically reduces the control effort required for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) multirate system is proposed. This technique not only minimize the amplitude of state transmission and control signal changes but also reduce the sensitivity to the effects of internal sampling in multirate MIMO systems results from interactions of the model order reduction. In this study, a constrained eigen-structure method with nonlinear constraints is used. The novelty of this study is that by using partial derivatives, a gain optimization process to optimize the nonlinearly constrained eigen-structure method is proposed. First, this method is explained, and then the desired method is applied for optimization operations, and finally, the results will be shown with a numerical example and a simulation.","PeriodicalId":45623,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44086415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast fourier transform based new pooling layer for deep learning","authors":"Aqeela Hamad","doi":"10.2478/ijssis-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Convolution is considered most significant layer in deep learning because it can extract best features of data through the network but it may result in huge volume of data. This problem can be solved by using pooling. In this paper, A novel pooling method is proposed by using discrete Fourier transform (DFT), this method is used DFT technique to transform the data from spatial domain into frequency domain to preserve the most important information from the details coefficients, where the details information of the image is less significant, therefore it can be discarded to down sample the size of dimensions. Its effect will be great with advantage of reducing the eliminated details information as compared with other standard methods. After applying DFT, the most significant coefficients, which represent most important features are cropped while less important details will be discarded then the data are reconstructed by applying inverse DF, therefore the high quality of features are extracted, which solve the problem of losing significant information during the pooling layer. Different methods are proposed based on the scenario of using DFT. The proposed methods are tested by extracting pooled image then the original images were retrieved using only the pooled images. Then the retrieved images are compared with original images by using different measures such as SNR, correlation and SSIM. Then the proposed layers used for image classification for two different datasets. The results proved that the proposed methods outperformed standard methods, thus it can be used for deep learning application.","PeriodicalId":45623,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45653646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An overview of DLMS/COSEM and g3-plc for smart metering applications","authors":"Thobekile J. Ngcobo, Farzad Ghayoor","doi":"10.2478/ijssis-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A crucial part of the smart grid communication network is the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), connecting a utility company to end-users to support telemetry and remote-control applications. Although different technologies and standards for smart metering systems exist, Power-Line Communication is the preferred technology for AMI networks in dense urban areas, and the G3-PLC, which uses DLMS/COSEM to support data exchange, is the most used standard in PLC-based AMI networks. This paper provides a holistic view of G3-PLC in smart metering systems, including its interaction with the DLMS/COSEM. It also covers the challenges and research opportunities in G3-PLC smart metering systems.","PeriodicalId":45623,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48443090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The ordinary negative changing refractive index for estimation of optical confinement factor","authors":"A. S. Abdullah, Sadeq Adnan Hbeeb","doi":"10.2478/ijssis-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The electro-optic effect is considered very important in optical communication systems. The small optical confinement factor is attributed to the weak overlap between the electric field and optical wave and hence the optical signal is not efficiently modulated. In this paper, the problem of the small optical confinement factor in the Mach–Zehnder modulator based on lithium niobate (LN) which is deeply studied. The data were analyzed through a proposed mathematical model to explain the relationship between the change in the ordinary negative refractive index and the confinement factor. The system is improved using a small length of the modulator arm as only 3 to 8 µm, low driving power of about 4 V/µm, a large change in the negative ordinary refractive index of about—0.2 × 10−7, and a compact optical modulator. This can reflect a strong optical confinement factor when the electric field is applied to the electrodes of the optical modulator.","PeriodicalId":45623,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47243547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel optimal approach for control law of multi-rate systems with different rate operations","authors":"A. Roosta, Alireza Soltanimehr","doi":"10.21307/ijssis-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main purpose of this study is to propose a method to achieve optimal response and performance of the multi rate systems in existence of different sampling rates and to avoid data losses in such systems. In this paper, a new approach based on the multi-rate digital system is proposed. Based on this method, we will be able to maintain optimal performance of these systems without losing data, in addition to establishing connections between subsystems with different sampling rates. By the proposed method, not only the effect of different sampling rates in multi-rate systems is ignored, but also, we can connect subsystems with different rate operations without compromising system performance and data loss which simplified system design and sensor selection by the digital system designers. This means the designer can choose any sensor without concerning about the sampling rate and the operation rate of the system and matching them together. Finally, a guided missile with different sampling rates between the seeker, autopilot, guidance law and the output feedback are simulated and its effective performance in pursuit, hitting and smooth motion toward the target in a motion scenario is shown.","PeriodicalId":45623,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47387138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel approach to capture the similarity in summarized text using embedded model","authors":"Asha Rani Mishra, V. K. Panchal","doi":"10.2478/ijssis-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The presence of near duplicate textual content imposes great challenges while extracting information from it. To handle these challenges, detection of near duplicates is a prime research concern. Existing research mostly uses text clustering, classification and retrieval algorithms for detection of near duplicates. Text summarization, an important tool of text mining, is not explored yet for the detection of near duplicates. Instead of using the whole document, the proposed method uses its summary as it saves both time and storage. Experimental results show that traditional similarity algorithms were able to capture similarity relatedness to a great extent even on the summarized text with a similarity score of 44.685%. Moreover, degree of similarity capture was greater (0.52%) in case of use of embedding models with better text representation as compared to traditional methods. Also, this paper highlights the research status of various similarity measures in terms of concept involved, merits and demerits.","PeriodicalId":45623,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43689648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}