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Milton and the Education Monopoly 弥尔顿和教育垄断
IF 0.2 3区 文学
STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0012
Matthew J Rickard
{"title":"Milton and the Education Monopoly","authors":"Matthew J Rickard","doi":"10.1353/sip.2022.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2022.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Considerations Touching the Likeliest Means to Remove Hirelings out of the Church (1659), John Milton calls for the abolition of tithes—compulsory fees collected, in part, to finance the training of ministers at Oxford and Cambridge—on the grounds that they confer a \"monopoly\" on the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Though the poet was just one among dozens of pamphleteers and thousands of petitioners in the dispute over tithes, his case for abolition is eccentric. Milton frames the monopoly not as a problem of institutions, I will argue, but rather as a problem of ideas. On this account, politics is supposed to establish conditions under which the mind, naturally endowed with the faculty for \"true theologie,\" is free to acquire \"Christian knowledge.\" At the heart of the treatise is a belief that ordinary people are sufficiently capable of self-education that large-scale efforts at social change are unnecessary. Milton's fantasy of untutored erudition sets the polemic apart from the views of his erstwhile allies, with significant consequences for our sense of the poet's republicanism as he turned at last toward epic.","PeriodicalId":45500,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY","volume":"119 1","pages":"495 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47004780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction, Modernization, and Elaboration in a Seventeenth-Century Translation of John Lydgate's Troy Book 17世纪约翰·利德盖特《特洛伊书》译本的修正、现代化与阐释
IF 0.2 3区 文学
STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0011
Mimi Ensley
{"title":"Correction, Modernization, and Elaboration in a Seventeenth-Century Translation of John Lydgate's Troy Book","authors":"Mimi Ensley","doi":"10.1353/sip.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Medieval monastic poet John Lydgate is not an author we expect to see in seven-teenth-century print. It is surprising, then, to find The Life and Death of Hector (London, 1614), an anonymous modernization of Lydgate's Troy Book (1420). While not a translation of a classical source, Hector was written in a context where classical translations were increasingly discussed and printed. However, in addition to the influence of Renaissance humanist theories of translation in Hector, the anonymous poet's efforts are also in line with Lydgate's own translation techniques; indeed, Lydgate becomes a model for the Hector poet's correction of Lydgate himself. In this way, the Hector poet's additions to, modernizations of, and deviations from the Troy Book source become an exemplar of what William Kuskin has described as the \"recursive\" nature of literary history, a literary history that simultaneously repeats and transforms the past. Within this single early seventeenth-century book, distinct traditions stand together, supplementing rather than erasing one another in a celebration of multiplicity and multivocality.","PeriodicalId":45500,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY","volume":"119 1","pages":"469 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41495674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Venus and Adonis The Rape of Lucrece, and the Shakespeare Canon 《维纳斯与阿多尼斯：对路克丽丝的强奸》与莎士比亚经典
IF 0.2 3区 文学
STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0009
P. Cheney
{"title":"Venus and Adonis The Rape of Lucrece, and the Shakespeare Canon","authors":"P. Cheney","doi":"10.1353/sip.2022.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2022.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay revisits one of the oldest topics of Shakespeare criticism: the relation between Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece, and the plays. From Charles Gildon forward, critics see the narrative poems as a \"promise\" of the plays. This critical template, however, puts history backward: Venus and Lucrece become linear promises of an art that does not exist. The critical template also endorses the faulty paradigm underwriting Shakespeare criticism: the poems are the product of a \"man of the theater.\" William Shakespeare was a man of the theater, but he was also a print poet who saw five poems published during his lifetime: Venus (1593), Lucrece (1594), \"The Phoenix and Turtle\" (1601), Sonnets (1609), and A Lover's Complaint (1609). In particular, Venus and Lucrece invaluably record a fiction of their role in Shakespeare's dramatic canon. In turn, the plays record a fiction of the performance of the printed poems. By revising the received wisdom, we may introduce a more accurate map of Shakespeare's literary career. This map preserves the integrity of a developing Shakespeare canon of poems and plays, and it recognizes that the poems gesture to the plays and the plays to the poems. To support this argument, the essay features evidence from Shakespeare's own canon fictions: intratextual moments in the poems and plays that record a narrative about the structure of his career. Yet other evidence emerges: from the narrative poems' genre, minor epic; from a neglected canon topos emerging from antiquity, \"great things and small\"; from the poems' reception history; and from both biography and bibliography. Venus and Lucrece are not simply commercially driven works produced in a youthful moment of dramatic inactivity; they are types of generic form and literary character in a remarkably structured canon on page and stage. As Shakespeare gets ready to retire, he presents his canon in Cymbeline in just this way. In the end, we may view Venus and Lucrece as integral to his dramatic career, at once fountains and foundations for comedy, history, tragedy, and romance.","PeriodicalId":45500,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY","volume":"119 1","pages":"405 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45792107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Milton's Postures: Prostrating, Grinding, Leaning 弥尔顿的姿势:匍匐，磨磨，倾斜
IF 0.2 3区 文学
STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0007
John Yargo
{"title":"Milton's Postures: Prostrating, Grinding, Leaning","authors":"John Yargo","doi":"10.1353/sip.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Throughout John Milton's dramatic poem Samson Agonistes, the postures of the body allow individual characters to overcome the faltering capacities of speech, mind, and spirit. Early in the play, prostrating affords Samson the opportunity to make sense of his fractured and traumatized mental condition. Through the posture of grinding, the play conceives of a \"sensate community,\" by which Dalila and Samson can achieve a shared, if fleeting, understanding of each other. Samson's leaning against the pillars, as summarized by a passerby, is a sophisticated model of spiritual identity that rejects the ableist assumption of any individual's physical or visual autonomy. In conclusion, this essay turns to the aesthetic and moral implications for Milton of \"tugging\" the pillars down in the play's final sequence of violence.","PeriodicalId":45500,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY","volume":"119 1","pages":"526 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44164703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
John Donne's Colonial Innocence 约翰·多恩的《殖民地纯真》
IF 0.2 3区 文学
STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0010
José Juan Villagrana
{"title":"John Donne's Colonial Innocence","authors":"José Juan Villagrana","doi":"10.1353/sip.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:From his verse epistles and libertine poems to his religious polemic and sermons, John Donne routinely invokes the Native peoples of the Americas as exemplars of innocence. Donne's understanding of Native peoples' innocence was influenced by the Dominican friar Bartolomé de las Casas's treatise Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias, widely read in its English translation, The Spanish Colonie. Las Casas characterizes the Native peoples of the Americas as innately weak, docile, and obedient to argue that they are innocents and that Spanish colonial policy is unlawful; meanwhile, he depicts Spaniards as exceptionally cruel and prone to commit acts of arbitrary violence. Las Casas's depiction of Spain as malicious and the Spaniard as intemperate underwrote English views that Spain's military and colonial dominance was illegitimate. Many scholars cite Donne's references to Amerindians as vulnerable and innocent as evidence that he read Las Casas and shared the friar's compassion for the Amerindians. Donne makes further use of Native innocence, however, as he figuratively identifies his various literary personae as themselves the victims of Spanish violence and the objects of sympathy by comparing them to the Amerindians. Donne holds up Native peoples' perceived qualities of innocence—freedom from sin, criminal blamelessness, childlike ignorance, and sexual (in)experience—as desirable qualities that the English should cultivate to remain spiritually and criminally blameless, unlike Spaniards, as they undertake colonial adventures. Donne's literary invocation of innocence is invariably bound up with the English colonial project. His works encouraged their various audiences, including members of the Virginia Company, to consider Amerindians' perceived embodied innocence in relation to their own pursuit of innocence as a behavioral and spiritual virtue that could advance their colonial objectives.","PeriodicalId":45500,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY","volume":"119 1","pages":"434 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42139429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"I, Thomas Usk, Traitor": The Testament of Love and the Ethics and Politics of Service “我，托马斯·乌斯克，叛徒”：爱的遗嘱与服务的伦理与政治
IF 0.2 3区 文学
STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0001
Chandler Fry
{"title":"\"I, Thomas Usk, Traitor\": The Testament of Love and the Ethics and Politics of Service","authors":"Chandler Fry","doi":"10.1353/sip.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article argues that Thomas Usk centralizes the natural law in his Testament of Love to attempt to bring about a cultural reformation. Throughout his text Usk weaves the natural law into his elaborate model of service, outlining ethical and political concepts that he believes should structure and inform social life in his contemporary London. In doing this, Usk hopes to inspire his culture to abandon the vicious practices that he thinks led to his own imprisonments in the 1380s.","PeriodicalId":45500,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY","volume":"119 1","pages":"25 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49062397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Swearing and Silver Eagles: Catiline and the Oath of Allegiance 誓言与银鹰：Catiline与效忠誓言
IF 0.2 3区 文学
STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0005
Richard Stacey
{"title":"Swearing and Silver Eagles: Catiline and the Oath of Allegiance","authors":"Richard Stacey","doi":"10.1353/sip.2022.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2022.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In act 3 of Ben Jonson's play Catiline, the rebels swear as a group on a raised \"silver eagle\" in order to transform their attack on Rome into a sacred endeavor. The action, however, is not clearly represented in the classical sources as an oath. In this article, I will argue that Jonson changes a fairly minor detail in the record to a binding pledge in order to critique the civil, political, and spiritual strictures that are imbibed in the 1606 Oath of Allegiance. First, I will argue that the eagle is redolent of both the lectern in Protestant church architecture and the recurring metaphor of James as a protective eagle in his writing; such onstage iconography associates the Oath with Militant Protestantism and James's own semiotic currency of obedience. I will then suggest that the mounted eagle activates an onomastic play on the name of William Parker, Lord Monteagle, who famously betrayed his recusant kin to expose the Gunpowder Plot, at great benefit to himself. Lastly, I will posit that the heraldic associations of the eagle sigil link the Catilinarian bond to proparliamentarian figures such as Edward Coke and Robert Cotton, the latter a friend of Jonson.","PeriodicalId":45500,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY","volume":"119 1","pages":"140 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46373398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adapting for Genre in the Middle English Chevalere Assigne 对中古英语雪佛莱派流派的适应
IF 0.2 3区 文学
STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0002
Miriam Edlich-Muth
{"title":"Adapting for Genre in the Middle English Chevalere Assigne","authors":"Miriam Edlich-Muth","doi":"10.1353/sip.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article considers the role genre expectations have played in shaping the process by which the medieval Latin folktale of the swan children, Cygni, was translated and adapted first into different Old French versions and then into the Middle English prose romance Chevalere Assigne. I argue that the differences in characterization, plot, and tone between the French and English versions should be read as completing the transformation of the narrative from its original folktale form into the form of a chivalric romance.","PeriodicalId":45500,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY","volume":"119 1","pages":"46 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44895490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Venus of Apelles from Schoolroom to Romance 阿佩莱斯的维纳斯从《教室》到《罗曼史》
IF 0.2 3区 文学
STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0003
Andrew Carlson
{"title":"The Venus of Apelles from Schoolroom to Romance","authors":"Andrew Carlson","doi":"10.1353/sip.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article argues that classical visual art played an important role in mediating the relationship between Elizabethan romance and the humanist schoolroom. I advance this claim by following the wayward itinerary through Elizabethan letters of the Greek painter Apelles and his unfinished painting of Venus rising from the sea. In the work of the educator Roger Ascham, the painting serves as an emblem for the fragmented corpus of classical antiquity; Apelles's lost masterpiece enjoys a second life when appropriated in the next generation by John Lyly as a figure for the estrangement of Elizabethan fiction from earlier humanist claims that poetry's purpose was primarily didactic.","PeriodicalId":45500,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY","volume":"119 1","pages":"103 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45448425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pity and Piety in Titus Andronicus 提图斯·安德洛尼克斯的怜悯与虔诚
IF 0.2 3区 文学
STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0004
Shawna K. Smith
{"title":"Pity and Piety in Titus Andronicus","authors":"Shawna K. Smith","doi":"10.1353/sip.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article argues that William Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus dramatizes the potential ambivalence of pity in rhetorical situations when images and objects that evoke pity not only constitute evidence of genuine suffering but can also facilitate motives of fraud, cruelty, and revenge. The play is organized around six appeals to pity that identify the emotion not only as a key element in the dramatic and rhetorical contexts of the play's aesthetic of blood but also as an emotion that is tied closely to its interest in vengeance and clemency as contrary shaping motives in the construction of Roman pietas, or \"piety,\" a word whose etymological associations with pity were more evident to early modern audiences than they are today. The play is also informed by a tension in Renaissance philosophy between Augustinianism and Stoicism regarding the relative merits of clemency and pity as social and religious values. These divergent and sometimes contradictory ideas about pity, clemency, and piety in the play resonate not only with Elizabethan perceptions of imperial Rome but also with Elizabethan culture's perceptions of its own historical and mythological connections to ancient Troy and, by extension, the Roman Empire. But the play's consideration of these values also reflects an understanding of the practical, everyday circumstances that Shakespeare's playgoers surely contended with themselves when confronted with public spectacles of punishment and execution, when engaged in civic and legal affairs, and when evaluating their social connections with fellow citizens, especially those experiencing distress and suffering in their manifold forms.","PeriodicalId":45500,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN PHILOLOGY","volume":"119 1","pages":"104 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42708307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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