JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY最新文献

{"title":"Talking Back: Native Women and the Making of the Early South by Alejandra Dubcovsky (review)","authors":"Heather Miyano Kopelson","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925444","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Talking Back: Native Women and the Making of the Early South</em> by Alejandra Dubcovsky <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Heather Miyano Kopelson </li> </ul> <em>Talking Back: Native Women and the Making of the Early South</em>. By Alejandra Dubcovsky. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 263. $38.00, ISBN 978-0-300-26612-2.) <p>The core argument of this book is that Native women were (and are) at the center of their communities, that they held power in what is now the U.S. South during the key period of 1670–1710 even as the Spanish established a few small settlements, and that they continued to hold power in the region afterward. Alejandra Dubcovsky skillfully weaves relevant philosophies and art from Indigenous intellectuals and artists with her historical analysis to show continuities between the past and present. The first half of the book delves into women and gender in a Native world that remained strong in the face of intensifying slave raiding linked to colonization efforts by the English and the Spanish, while the second half analyzes women during and after Queen Anne’s War, particularly the 1702 English siege of San Agustín.</p> <p>The book begins with a painstaking reconstruction of the life of a murder victim, unnamed in the colonial Spanish record, who nonetheless held power in her community. Her tribe, the Chacatos, was forced to relocate several times to avoid slave raiders, whose seizures of young women threatened demographic collapse and starvation. Despite this upheaval, the case of this “Yndia Chacata” demonstrates how Native women had political, economic, and spiritual power in the Native world (p. 15). They were not usually chiefs, but a chief’s power depended on his matrilineal claims. All wives dictated where their husbands lived and worked, chiefs or not. This knowledge changes the interpretation of what the Spanish dubbed the Chacato Revolt into an assertion of political and cultural autonomy, in which the Chacatos expelled Franciscan missionaries who had violently tried to enforce patriarchy and new religious practices. Dubcovsky also details the political and social acumen that Native, African, and African-descended women required in order to forge an existence for themselves in colonial society. For example, Isavel de los Ríos, a free Black woman, used her business connections and knowledge of San Agustín to avoid shouldering the blame when two Apalachee men targeted her shop by paying with fake currency. <strong>[End Page 403]</strong></p> <p>The latter half of the book shows how Native women influenced Spanish military policy during the 1702 English siege of San Agustín’s Castillo de San Marcos. These women’s centrality within their communities compelled the Spanish governor to allow women and children to enter the previously male-dominated spa","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston's Black Workers in the Civil War Era by Jacqueline Jones (review)","authors":"Zebulon V. Miletsky","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925471","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston’s Black Workers in the Civil War Era</em> by Jacqueline Jones <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Zebulon V. Miletsky </li> </ul> <em>No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston’s Black Workers in the Civil War Era</em>. By Jacqueline Jones. (New York: Basic Books, 2023. Pp. viii, 532. $35.00, ISBN 978-1-5416-1979-1.) <p>In 2015, a study completed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston determined that the median net worth of white households in Boston stood at $247,000, while the median net worth for Black households was only $8.00 (“The Color of Wealth in Boston,” bostonfed.org). In <em>No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston’s Black Workers in the Civil War Era</em>, Jacqueline Jones gives us some of the reasons for this extreme economic disparity between white and Black Bostonians. In this magnificently researched work, Jones reconstructs a world that has been largely hidden from historians and scholars, one that has been realized through research prowess and sheer genius in the archives. She provides a more complete window into the work that Black Bostonians did—despite discrimination and prejudice—to advance Boston’s economy.</p> <p><em>No Right to an Honest Living</em> is a strong monograph unconstrained by convention. It is alive with a research-based narrative that paints unforgettable <strong>[End Page 439]</strong> imagery and is bolstered by unimpeachable brick-and-mortar evidence. Jones points out, for example, that the work of Black Bostonians took place within two distinct spheres, which were at the same time mutually reinforcing and antagonistic. These two domains, work in the legitimate economy and work in the so-called illegitimate economy, served as the primary venues for Black Bostonians’ toil during the Civil War. However, these two domains also served as the central tension and contradiction in the face of Boston’s presumed reputation as a place brimming with economic opportunity for African Americans. This inherent paradox is a thread that runs throughout the book, which Jones uses to show that Black Bostonians balanced their duality through creativity, ingenuity, and grit in the face of extreme difficulty.</p> <p>Boston’s story is also important because it contradicted the view of white southerners who believed that African Americans would not be able to function in a free-labor environment. As Jones writes in her now classic <em>Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, Work, and the Family from Slavery to the Present</em> (New York, 1985), “The Yankees’ vision of a free labor market, in which individual blacks used their wits to strike a favorable bargain with a prospective employer, struck the former Confederates as a ludicrous idea and an impossible objective” (p. 52). In <em>No Right to an Hones","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Speeches of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner: The Press, the Platform, and the Pulpit ed. by Andre E. Johnson (review)","authors":"Jim Casey","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925476","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Speeches of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner: The Press, the Platform, and the Pulpit</em> ed. by Andre E. Johnson <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Jim Casey </li> </ul> <em>The Speeches of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner: The Press, the Platform, and the Pulpit</em>. Edited by Andre E. Johnson. Margaret Walker Alexander Series in African American Studies. (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2023. Pp. x, 201. Paper, $30.00, ISBN 978-1-4968-4386-9; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4968-4385-2.) <p><em>The Speeches of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner: The Press, the Platform, and the Pulpit</em>, edited by Andre E. Johnson, is a “long overdue” collection of speeches, sermons, and editorials by one of the late-nineteenth-century United States’ most prolific, influential, and largely forgotten figures (p. 5). Henry McNeal Turner spent much of his life in service of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, but his ministry extended across many different arenas and eras. He was a chaplain in the Union army during the U.S. Civil War, and he was deeply immersed in building the postbellum AME Church across the South. He was a politician and political activist who spent a half century fighting for Black citizenship, civil rights, and emigration. Turner gave thousands of speeches, drafted even more letters, and wrote nonstop for the Black religious press. Such a career almost defies being reconciled into any one profession or historical period.</p> <p>Johnson has impressively selected for this volume a representative sampling of Turner’s extensive career. The book is organized chronologically. It is effectively an oratorical biography, making it possible to see Turner developing and refining his arguments. This book has two brief introductions and light endnotes. It would be suitable for courses on Black social movements, civil rights, religious history, and intellectual history.</p> <p>The first half of the book covers the Civil War and Reconstruction eras. Turner moved to Georgia, where his Emancipation Day speech on January 1, 1866, helped bring the young minister political notoriety. Though he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1868, he was expelled along with nearly all Black elected officials in Georgia later that year. The expulsion inspired Turner’s “I Claim the Rights of a Man” speech, which Johnson frames as “probably one of the finest orations in American history” (p. 48). The oration offers a cross section of Turner’s speaking powers and techniques, blending history, satire, and prophetic condemnations. God, Turner reminded his audience, “never fails to vindicate the cause of Justice” (p. 48).</p> <p>The second half of the book focuses on Turner’s many speeches in AME Church conferences and congregations from 1880 to 1913. Some discussed the responsibilities of ministers. Others delved","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840 by Brooke M. Bauer (review)","authors":"Matthew Kruer","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925443","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840</em> by Brooke M. Bauer <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Matthew Kruer </li> </ul> <em>Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840</em>. By Brooke M. Bauer. Indians and Southern History. (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2023. Pp. xviii, 245. $54.95, ISBN 978-0-8173-2143-7.) <p>In <em>Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840</em>, an important and methodologically innovative book, Brooke M. Bauer writes a history of Catawba women, and in doing so she rewrites Catawba history and the history of the Native South. Through archaeological analysis, fresh approaches to familiar sources, and insights drawn from language and storytelling, Bauer persuasively argues that women were central to the creation of Catawba Nation and its continuity through centuries of upheaval.</p> <p>Bauer’s methodology skillfully combines ethnohistory with techniques from Native American and Indigenous studies (NAIS). Her ethnohistorical work is first-rate, displaying equal facility with material culture and colonial texts. She intersperses these analyses with stories, both traditional and personal. For example, she uses the First Woman creation story as evidence that women were central to the Catawba worldview; similarly, she connects the Indian slave trade to the origin of the mischievous, child-stealing “Little Wild Indians”—stories Bauer’s mother told her as a girl to warn about the consequences of misbehavior (p. 71). Bauer amply proves that storytelling is a powerful tool of analysis.</p> <p>In another NAIS technique, Bauer grounds interpretations in the Catawba language. She introduces words ranging from simple objects (<em>ituskre</em>, pot) to complex concepts (<em>y</em><em>ę</em><em>pasiha yá ki</em>, a woman of poor character doomed to the Under World) (pp. 122, 68). In Bauer’s hands, even simple words illuminate. For example, she relates how contemporary women’s usage of <em>ituskre</em> shows that crafting pottery plays a central role in the maintenance of Catawba identity and its transmission to the next generation—in other words, to Catawba Nation’s continuity. Bauer powerfully argues that stories and language are necessary to “decolonize the archival material” because “personal and tribal knowledge unlocks voices silenced for hundreds of years” (p. 12). Her deft combination of ethnohistory and NAIS produces insights into Catawba history that could only be possible from her emic perspective as a Catawba woman.</p> <p><em>Becoming Catawba</em> offers a history of Catawba Nation that corrects a historiography dominated by men. The opening portrays the gendered world of the <em>Ye Isw</em><em>ą</em> (“People of the River,” the Catawba ethnonym) and Piedmont Indians (diverse peoples, in","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulpits of the Lost Cause: The Faith and Politics of Former Confederate Chaplains during Reconstruction by Steve Longenecker (review)","authors":"Brendan J. J. Payne","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925473","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Pulpits of the Lost Cause: The Faith and Politics of Former Confederate Chaplains during Reconstruction</em> by Steve Longenecker <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Brendan J. J. Payne </li> </ul> <em>Pulpits of the Lost Cause: The Faith and Politics of Former Confederate Chaplains during Reconstruction</em>. By Steve Longenecker. Religion and American Culture. (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 257. $54.95, ISBN 978-0-8173-2149-9.) <p>Steve Longenecker, professor of history emeritus at Bridgewater College and author of various other books on religion in the Civil War era, has produced yet another excellent addition to the field. <em>Pulpits of the Lost Cause</em>: <em>The Faith and Politics of Former Confederate Chaplains during Reconstruction</em> takes a deep dive into ten white former Confederate chaplains, the deepest such study to date. Longenecker somewhat affirms yet complicates Charles Reagan Wilson’s assertion that former Confederate chaplains were “the ‘main celebrants’ of the Lost Cause” (p. 2). The text also recasts the Lost Cause as a remarkably malleable ideology open to varied interpretations.</p> <p>More generally, the book strikes a nuanced balance in the old debate between scholars stressing the South’s homogeneity or heterogeneity. Longenecker’s book affirms a well-known aspect of human nature, that people can hold strongly to contradictory beliefs and compartmentalize different parts of their lives. Refreshingly, Longenecker explicitly notes that his subjects’ lives were varied and fascinating, multilayered and multifaceted—an implicit reminder that history is best at its most human.</p> <p>Longenecker not only sheds light on an underexamined part of the scholarly conversation on Lost Cause religion but also tells the story in a manner both neatly organized and pleasantly flowing. The introduction displays the casual mastery of topic and writing of a senior scholar, covering in a few pages the origins and development of the Lost Cause as well as the book’s major points and structure. Chapter 1 covers the general experience of Confederate chaplains during the Civil War, while the subsequent chapters trace the careers of his case studies. Some, like Moses Drury Hoge, George Gilman Smith, and John L. Girardeau were conventionally conservative Lost Cause preachers who best fit Charles Reagan Wilson’s description. Others, such as Lachlan C. Vass and Randolph H. McKim, were compartmentalizers, sometimes promoting the Lost Cause and at other times focusing on their congregations. Atticus G. Haygood, who promoted the New South, was an outlier for his limited promotion of racial <strong>[End Page 442]</strong> equality. William Porcher DuBose read liberal theology, while bishop Charles T. Quintard was a theologically conservative institution-builder, yet both shared ","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rock and Roll, Desegregation Movements, and Racism in the Post–Civil Rights Era: An \"Integrated Effort.\" by Beth Fowler (review)","authors":"Brian Suttell","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925486","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Rock and Roll, Desegregation Movements, and Racism in the Post–Civil Rights Era: An “Integrated Effort.”</em> by Beth Fowler <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Brian Suttell </li> </ul> <em>Rock and Roll, Desegregation Movements, and Racism in the Post–Civil Rights Era: An “Integrated Effort.”</em> By Beth Fowler. (Lanham, Md., and other cities: Lexington Books, 2022. Pp. x, 362. Paper, $42.99, ISBN 978-1-7936-1387-5; cloth, $130.00, ISBN 978-1-7936-1385-1.) <p>Beth Fowler provides historical and social insights in <em>Rock and Roll, Desegregation Movements, and Racism in the Post–Civil Rights Era: An “Integrated Effort.”</em> The heart of her research is interviews from forty-five individuals, whose reflections on their experiences related to race and rock and roll illuminate both the subjects’ history and Fowler’s analysis. In assessing seemingly distinct yet interrelated topics, Fowler effectively delivers the historical context, and her skillful framing of the interviewees’ responses carries her subjects’ complexity.</p> <p>Fowler offers nuanced yet clear arguments, such as “the focus on individual achievement that was so crucial to integration strategies also urged many white supporters to embrace a ‘color-blind’ approach to race relations rather than recognizing the need for group-based solutions to structural problems” (p. 9). She demonstrates broad patterns in music and in desegregation, as well <strong>[End Page 459]</strong> as their interrelatedness, without overstating connections. She points out that crossover records (appealing to different styles) were hitting <em>Billboard</em> charts concurrently with civil rights developments such as the <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em> (1954) decision and the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott. Much of her analysis emphasizes the limits of the seeming racial progress of things such as white youth embracing music by Black musicians or the apparently decreasing discrimination in the music industry. “But this ‘integration’ of popular culture through crossover records,” she states, “would not ultimately lead to the fundamental investigation of structural white supremacy that deeper change would require” (p. 75).</p> <p>One strength of the book is its balance between explaining the impact of key musicians and using interviewee responses to reflect societal shifts. Fowler utilizes quotations from John Lennon and Mick Jagger to highlight the impact that R&B had on them, but she then provides reflections from interviewees. She addresses the influence of Black musicians such as Little Richard, Fats Domino, and Chuck Berry whose sounds were often emulated or covered by white artists. Some of her most insightful analysis suggests how lyrics were affected by the context of the times, as in the Coasters’ “Charlie Brown” pondering, “Why’s everybody always ","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Failure of Our Fathers: Family, Gender, and Power in Confederate Alabama by Victoria E. Ott (review)","authors":"David T. Gleeson","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925466","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Failure of Our Fathers: Family, Gender, and Power in Confederate Alabama</em> by Victoria E. Ott <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> David T. Gleeson </li> </ul> <em>The Failure of Our Fathers: Family, Gender, and Power in Confederate Alabama</em>. By Victoria E. Ott. (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 209. $49.95, ISBN 978-0-8173-2147-5.) <p>Victoria E. Ott seeks to understand the role of family in the lives of Alabama’s “common whites” (those who, for the most part, did not own slaves) and in their relationship with the Confederacy (p. 2). <em>The Failure of Our Fathers: Family, Gender, and Power in Confederate Alabama</em> takes readers through prewar, wartime, and postwar experiences to highlight that “family remained the central focus” of these common whites (p. 175). Loyalty to their state and its participation in the Civil War ebbed and flowed depending on the conflict’s effect on their families. Despite most not having a direct interest in slavery, the majority supported the Confederacy. As Stephanie McCurry has discovered in South Carolina, Ott finds in Alabama that the “shared belief [between elite and non-elite white southerners] that outsiders threatened to undermine their liberties, invade their communities, and, in the process, harm their families brought poor whites and yeomen to join the [secessionist] cause” (p. 5).</p> <p>These new Confederates, however, expected substantial support from the state and central governments in return, especially proper treatment (equipment, food, pay, and so on) in the army and support for their families left at home. For these soldiers, as mostly nonslaveholders, departing for war meant a <strong>[End Page 433]</strong> serious removal of labor from farms. Ott clearly shows that as Confederate authorities failed to meet expectations of aid, patriotism waned. First, soldiers and their families at home complained to each other, and eventually to government officials, about their hardships. The Confederate government’s introduction of conscription in April 1862 brought a further loss of agricultural labor and of important skilled workers such as millers and blacksmiths. Revisions to conscription through the rest of the war, especially expanding the age range for compulsory military service (more so than the exemptions for overseers who supervised more than twenty slaves), raised discontent among non-elite white Alabamians. The Confederate “tax-in-kind” law, which obliged producers to give up 10 percent of their “agricultural products,” only exacerbated resentment (p. 125). With families already facing serious food shortages, the extra levy made their lives even more difficult. There were some private and public phil-anthropic efforts to help soldiers’ wives, but they were never sufficient to ease all distress. Many common white A","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical News and Notices","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925492","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Historical News and Notices <!-- /html_title --></li> </ul> <h2>THE ASSOCIATION</h2> <p>The Blassingame Award Committee, composed of Deirdre Cooper Owens, University of Connecticut, chair; Bertis D. English, Alabama State University; and Françoise N. Hamlin, Brown University, is calling for nominations for the John W. Blassingame Award, established in 2004 to honor distinguished scholarship and mentorship in African American history. In order to nominate a candidate for the award, a letter describing the person’s accomplishments should be sent by email to berrys@thesha.org by June 1, 2024, when it will be forwarded to committee members. Two supporting letters should accompany each nomination.</p> <p>For nominations involving a primary role of mentoring, the committee particularly welcomes letters from students, either graduate or undergraduate. Nominees from all areas of the academic community, including those from community/junior colleges, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and research universities, are welcome. Nominees will be considered based on distinguished careers as mentors of African American studies, personal scholarly accomplishments, or some combination of both qualities. The award consists of a $1,000 stipend, and is awarded every third year. The next award will be given at the 2024 annual meeting in Kansas City, Missouri.</p> <p>The Junior Scholars Workshop is a program to support and encourage advanced graduate students and recent graduates working in all fields of southern history, as well as to provide a space for SHA members to connect outside the annual meeting. Workshops take place on Zoom. The papers will be circulated in advance, and the hour’s program will consist of a brief introduction by the author and comments by two senior scholars, with the rest of the time devoted to audience questions and discussion. For updates on the schedule of papers, please visit https://www.thesha.org/workshop. To register to receive the precirculated papers and the Zoom link, please fill out the form at https://forms.gle/zbm1yM1f6aAFfHKKA. The Junior Scholars Workshop is sponsored by the SHA Professional Development Committee.</p> <h2>OBITUARY</h2> <p>Charles Pierce Roland, Alumni Professor of History, emeritus, at the University of Kentucky, died at the age of 104 on April 12, 2022. A noted historian of the American South and the Civil War era, he served as president of the Southern Historical Association in 1981.</p> <p>Born in Maury City, Tennessee, on April 8, 1918, Roland was the son and grandson of educators. He spent two years at Freed-Hardeman College in Henderson, Tennessee, before enrolling at Vanderbilt University in 1936. There he studied under Frank L. Owsley and graduated in 1938. He taught high school before joining the National Park Service in 1940. Inducted into the army in January 1942, he r","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State by Kathryn Walkiewicz (review)","authors":"Deborah A. Rosen","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925464","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State</em> by Kathryn Walkiewicz <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Deborah A. Rosen </li> </ul> <em>Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State</em>. By Kathryn Walkiewicz. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023. Pp. xx, 293. Paper, $32.95, ISBN 978-1-4696-7295-3; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-7294-6.) <p><em>Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State</em> examines the relationship between colonization, enslavement, and state-making in the nineteenth-century United States. In this carefully researched and clearly presented study, Kathryn Walkiewicz argues that Indigenous dispossession, anti-Blackness, and white supremacy were central to the formation and identity of U.S. states; that states’-rights discourse was used to reinforce white men’s rights and their control over land; and that statehood itself was (and is) incompatible with Indigenous and Black <strong>[End Page 430]</strong> freedom. The author analyzes how white Americans used printed texts and visual images to imagine exclusionary states into being, and also how Indigenous, Black, and Afro-Native people used their own print culture to contest the entire settler-colonial project and advocate for their own freedom and self-determination.</p> <p>After an introduction that lays out the themes of the book, four substantive chapters analyze debates about Black and Native freedom in Georgia (1830s), Florida (1820s–1840s), Kansas and Cuba (1850s), and Indian Territory (1890s–1900s). In keeping with the title <em>Reading Territory</em>, the book concentrates more on colonization than on enslavement, and it analyzes more extensively Native-produced texts than Black-authored ones. Chapters 1 and 2 draw from various short primary sources to illustrate the ideological role of print culture in both justifying and opposing state control, subjugation, and the removal of Indigenous people. By the 1850s, longer published texts provided fuller contemporary counternarratives to the dominant stories justifying state-hood, and <em>Reading Territory</em> is most intriguing when it delves deeply into those singular printed works. This is especially evident in chapter 3, which focuses mostly on how Kansas statehood was framed in the 1850s as a way of promoting Black people’s liberation and freedom, while Natives’ forced removal was erased. The chapter provides insightful, thought-provoking analysis of Martin R. Delany’s serialized novel <em>Blake</em> (1859–1862), John Brougham’s play <em>Columbus el Filibustero!</em> (1857), and published maps of Kansas Territory. Likewise, chapter 4 on Indian Territory—which describes Indigenous and Black residents’ unsuccessful effo","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Before Equiano: A Prehistory of the North American Slave Narrative by Zachary McLeod Hutchins (review)","authors":"Lacey Hunter","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925445","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Before Equiano: A Prehistory of the North American Slave Narrative</em> by Zachary McLeod Hutchins <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Lacey Hunter </li> </ul> <em>Before Equiano: A Prehistory of the North American Slave Narrative</em>. By Zachary McLeod Hutchins. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2022. Pp. xiv, 291. Paper, $32.95, ISBN 978-1-4696-7154-3; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-7153-6.) <p><em>Before Equiano: A Prehistory of the North American Slave Narrative</em> is a thoughtful and compelling reassessment of this early American literary genre. Commonly positioned within African American canonical traditions, this writing type has long been defined by scholars as one that emerged within the context of a racialized system of chattel slavery. Acknowledging the genre’s notable links to the narratives of Olaudah Equiano, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs, and others, Zachary McLeod Hutchins argues that this narrow purview of the category limits our understanding of slavery during the American colonial period. Consequently, he notes, <em>Before Equiano</em> is “a prehistory of the North American slave narrative, tracing the genre back to its origins in eighteenth-century newspapers and following its evolution into a literary form with well-established tropes” (p. 2). Hutchins provides a well-organized, thoroughly <strong>[End Page 404]</strong> researched book that examines thousands of print news advertisements and challenges its audience to think beyond the traditionally accepted definitions of the slave narrative.</p> <p>Focusing primarily on print newspapers from Boston, Massachusetts, Hutchins demonstrates that the city’s documentation of slave trading is critical to understanding its unfolding in the Americas. Linking the details of slave advertisements to the larger development of colonial North America, the book paints a vivid portrayal of slavery’s evolution from the eighteenth century through the nineteenth. Indeed, <em>Before Equiano</em> is a striking complement to Peter H. Wood’s <em>Strange New Land: Africans in Colonial America</em> (New York, 1996), in which Wood documents the political and cultural shifts across the Americas that marked the decline of an early fluid system of enslavement and the rise of a rigid one.</p> <p>The main thrust of <em>Before Equiano</em> is its argument for an expanded consideration of slave narratives to include print news advertisements. Specifically, Hutchins asserts that eighteenth-century newspaper ads should be understood as the foundation of the slave narrative genre. Paying careful attention to the language and frequency of slave ads through the colonial period of the United States, Hutchins makes a convincing argument that the earliest narratives about slavery are not the full-length accounts written by African Americans. Inste","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}