JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY最新文献

{"title":"Remembering Antônia Teixeira: A Story of Missions, Violence, and Institutional Hypocrisy by Mikeal C. Parsons and João B. Chaves (review)","authors":"Alison Collis Greene","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a932588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a932588","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Remembering Antônia Teixeira: A Story of Missions, Violence, and Institutional Hypocrisy</em> by Mikeal C. Parsons and João B. Chaves <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Alison Collis Greene </li> </ul> <em>Remembering Antônia Teixeira: A Story of Missions, Violence, and Institutional Hypocrisy</em>. By Mikeal C. Parsons and João B. Chaves. (Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2023. Pp. xvi, 224. $26.99, ISBN 978-0-8028-8309-4.) <p><em>Remembering Antônia Teixeira: A Story of Missions, Violence, and Institutional Hypocrisy</em> describes how nineteenth-century Southern Baptists, their Foreign Mission Board, and Baylor University cultivated “narratives of institutional goodness” by reframing and erasing the stories of two generations of Brazilian Baptists: Antônio Teixeira, Brazil’s first native-born Baptist pastor, and his daughter Antônia Teixeira, who was raped while living in the university president’s household (p. 10).</p> <p>Mikeal C. Parsons, a New Testament scholar at Baylor, and João B. Chaves, a historian of religion in the Americas, focus first on Antônio Teixeira and his encounters with Southern Baptist missionaries. Born to a wealthy white Brazilian Catholic family and educated in the best schools, Teixeira became a priest who courted political and personal controversy. At thirty-five, he either kidnapped or ran away with a seventeen-year-old girl, whom he married upon his conversion to Protestantism in 1878. In 1882, at age forty-two and having already become a Southern Baptist, Teixeira met two Baptist missionaries and joined their cause. Teixeira, not the bumbling Baptists, held the upper hand: “he was a highly educated, multilingual, well-connected, and nationally known leader who had learned to navigate his way around controversy” (p. 38). Though graduates of the best institutions that nineteenth-century Southern Baptists had to offer, the missionaries “were young, inexperienced, unsophisticated, monolingual, and undereducated” (p. 38). Teixeira was famous throughout his home country, first as a priest and then as an anti-Catholic firebrand. Yet when he died at forty-seven, the Baptist Church reframed his story to make him a local saint, a spiritual prodigy who took on the Catholics without upstaging the American Protestants who claimed his story.</p> <p>The second half of the book tells the story of Teixeira’s oldest child, his daughter Antônia, who traveled to Waco, Texas, with a missionary’s family in <strong>[End Page 636]</strong> July 1892. Baylor president Rufus C. Burleson promised to house Antônia and send her to Baylor in exchange for domestic work in his household. Soon the domestic labor superseded her student status, further isolating her. In 1894, Teixeira reported a series of rapes by Stein Morris, a neighbor and relative of the Burleson family","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Just Enough to Put Him Away Decent: Death Care, Life Extension, and the Making of a Healthier South, 1900–1955 by Kristine M. McCusker (review)","authors":"Steven Noll","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a932592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a932592","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Just Enough to Put Him Away Decent: Death Care, Life Extension, and the Making of a Healthier South, 1900–1955</em> by Kristine M. McCusker <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Steven Noll </li> </ul> <em>Just Enough to Put Him Away Decent: Death Care, Life Extension, and the Making of a Healthier South, 1900–1955</em>. By Kristine M. McCusker. (Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 302. Paper, $28.00, ISBN 978-0-252-08721-9; cloth, $125.00, ISBN 978-0-252-04508-0.) <p>In the past thirty years, much historical work has been done on cemeteries and rituals of death and mourning in the South. These books and articles have tied these rites of passage and commemoration to larger regional concerns of race, class, gender, and disability. Kristine M. McCusker’s new book, <em>Just Enough to Put Him Away Decent: Death Care, Life Extension, and the Making</em> <strong>[End Page 641]</strong> <em>of a Healthier South, 1900–1955</em>, adds to this literature by examining how southerners, both Black and white, dealt with issues surrounding death in the first half of the twentieth century in light of changing patterns of medicine, two world wars, a major pandemic, and the increasing presence of the federal government. She concludes that these changes “fashioned a new citizenship, albeit an incipient one, based on good health” (p. 177).</p> <p>McCusker starts her book in 1900, describing a region where death was omnipresent and often early, and where southerners struggled “to loosen the strong ties between death and the southern landscape” (p. 29). She examines southerners’ relationship with caring for the dying in light of religion, focusing on the biblical notion of the life cycle being “three score and ten” (seventy years old) and the implications of that for the region (p. 3). By stressing the changes in death rates and what she calls “life extension,” McCusker shows how rituals of death and mourning became tied together (p. 1). It became a “commercial system of death . . . with its elaborate rituals and consumer goods [becoming] . . . a new economic and political concern, not just a social and cultural one” (p. 46).</p> <p>The Progressive era, World War I, and the flu pandemic radically reshaped the southern death (and life) experience. Federal and private philanthropic interventions drastically reduced deaths from diseases such as diphtheria and hookworm in the first quarter of the twentieth century. McCusker is very good at stressing the importance of these outside involvements in changing not only patterns of death but also southern attitudes toward dying itself. Both Black and white southerners became less resigned to the fate of an early death and more positive about living a longer and more productive life. World War I and the flu pandemic produced differing response","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Foxfire Book of Appalachian Women: Stories of Landscape and Community in the Mountain South ed. by Kami Ahrens (review)","authors":"Penny Messinger","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a932603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a932603","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Foxfire Book of Appalachian Women: Stories of Landscape and Community in the Mountain South</em> ed. by Kami Ahrens <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Penny Messinger </li> </ul> <em>The Foxfire Book of Appalachian Women: Stories of Landscape and Community in the Mountain South</em>. Edited by Kami Ahrens. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 268. Paper, $25.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-7003-4; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-7002-7.) <p>Launched in 1966 in Rabun Gap, Georgia, <em>Foxfire</em> magazine was intended to foster intergenerational connections between high school students and older <strong>[End Page 656]</strong> community members, to preserve folkways, and to record traditional practices that were vanishing. Many people encountered Appalachia through <em>Foxfire</em> and continue to view the region through its lens. This book presents the stories of twenty-one women interviewed for the <em>Foxfire</em> project over the past five decades. The accounts are arranged chronologically, beginning with interviewees born around the turn of the twentieth century and continuing through the youngest, born in 1988. While the initial focus of <em>Foxfire</em> was on elderly people, its later profiles are of much younger women. Many of the women profiled in this volume were interviewed multiple times, and the contents of these interviews were combined and edited into shorter versions (ten to fifteen pages each) that highlight specific topics, issues, and time periods, while also using the women’s own words to convey their individual stories. The major themes of this volume include the transformation of land use and the changes in mountain communities over more than a century; economic hardship; the legacies of enslavement and racism; Cherokee and Catawba perspectives; growing national and global connections; women’s relationship to the land and their role in agriculture and food preparation; and growing economic disparities in the area. Individual accounts also focus on such topics as weaving, hunting, pottery-making, herbalism and healing, religion, segregation, trauma, and migration.</p> <p>The greatest strength of the book is its demonstration of the diversity of women’s identities and experiences, which challenges some of the most persistent stereotypes about Appalachian women. The profiles include a breadth of experiences and ethnicities. There are accounts by twelve white, four Black, two Cherokee, one Catawba, and two immigrant women, who together represent a wide variety of socioeconomic statuses and experiences. Highlighting the changing roles and occupations of women in the region is another through-line in the book. While earlier accounts foreground traditional expectations and restrictions related to marriage, child-rearing, and household management facing women, accoun","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Enslaved and Their Enslavers: Power, Resistance, and Culture in South Carolina, 1670–1825 by Edward Pearson (review)","authors":"Thomas J. Little","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a932562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a932562","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Enslaved and Their Enslavers: Power, Resistance, and Culture in South Carolina, 1670–1825</em> by Edward Pearson <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Thomas J. Little </li> </ul> <em>The Enslaved and Their Enslavers: Power, Resistance, and Culture in South Carolina, 1670–1825</em>. By Edward Pearson. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2024. Pp. x, 510. $65.00, ISBN 978-1-5128-2438-4.) <p>Drawing on the scholarship of Ira Berlin, Edward Pearson’s <em>The Enslaved and Their Enslavers: Power, Resistance, and Culture in South Carolina, 1670–1825</em> offers a panoramic history of slavery in South Carolina from 1670 through the Denmark Vesey conspiracy of 1822, with a special focus on how African Americans experienced slavery in different geographic settings over time. The wide variety of slaveholding practices and the revolutionary changes that occurred within slavery after the institution’s founding in South Carolina created a multitude of experiences of slavery across generations, from region to region, and between historical periods. <em>The Enslaved and Their Enslavers</em> places stress on the dynamic process of how enslaved people’s lives changed and evolved as African American slavery grew and expanded geographically over 150 years of South Carolina history. Pearson’s book emerges with an important interpretive message that makes geographic and temporal considerations central to understanding the full dimensions of slavery in South Carolina during the colonial, Revolutionary, and antebellum years. As the author puts it, “Only by disaggregating slavery in South Carolina—the mosaic of distinctive relationships between enslaved people and their enslavers across time and space—may we grasp the diverse ecologies, populations, economies, practices, and traditions that gave each moment of rebellion or mundane survival its unique dynamic” (p. 3).</p> <p>Pearson draws together the work of the principal historians who have written about South Carolina slavery while carefully linking his study to developments in Atlantic history. His book offers a systematic exploration of South <strong>[End Page 603]</strong> Carolina’s Caribbean roots, shows how the colony began its existence with a preference for the use of captive African labor, explains how rice cultivation transformed the province into a full-fledged slave society, surveys the experiences of enslaved people in towns and the countryside prior to the Stono Rebellion, describes the organization of eighteenth-century plantation management, and explores how slavery expanded into the backcountry during the late colonial period. Pearson writes that as commercial farming emerged along the colony’s frontier, “the household and the church became the foundations on which slavery rested; accordingly, the institution’s trajectory in the upcountry to","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Banking on Slavery: Financing Southern Expansion in the Antebellum United States by Sharon Ann Murphy (review)","authors":"Lindsay Schakenbach Regele","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a932570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a932570","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Banking on Slavery: Financing Southern Expansion in the Antebellum United States</em> by Sharon Ann Murphy <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Lindsay Schakenbach Regele </li> </ul> <em>Banking on Slavery: Financing Southern Expansion in the Antebellum United States</em>. By Sharon Ann Murphy. American Beginnings, 1500–1900. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2023. Pp. x, 419. Paper, $35.00, ISBN 978-0-226-82513-7; cloth, $105.00, ISBN 978-0-226-82459-8.) <p>Until now, we have not understood in precise detail how southern banks made possible the spread and growth of slavery in the United States. Sharon Ann Murphy, a master at explaining and analyzing the nitty-gritty of how <strong>[End Page 613]</strong> financial institutions and practices worked, has completed yet another act of scholarly service by hunting down the extant records of obscure banking transactions. The sources she has cobbled together from at least fifteen states allow us to see the grotesque relationship among “southern banks, the slaveholders who were their customers, and the enslaved people used as collateral” (p. 11). Previous scholars have attempted to understand how white southerners financed the “rapid settlement of the Southwest,” but while they have focused on, for example, mortgages and investors, Murphy is the first to look at commercial banks (p. 7). The book moves from the turn of the nineteenth century up to the Civil War and then closes with an epilogue grappling with the long aftermath of the Thirteenth Amendment and the complicated “question of who should absorb the pecuniary loss of enslaved individuals” (p. 318). That query is one of the jarring questions this book seeks to answer regarding the violent subjugation of an individual’s humanity by mortgage and court negotiations.</p> <p><em>Banking on Slavery: Financing Southern Expansion in the Antebellum United States</em> begins with a tour through New Orleans, whose slave auction “was the physical embodiment of the South’s full embrace and celebration of slavery as the engine behind its antebellum economic prosperity,” which sets the stage for Murphy to ask how banks managed to finance the movement of enslaved individuals from the auction to the frontier (p. 7). The book is divided into three parts, each of which offers stark details about how individual enslavers kept growing their wealth out of indebtedness. In response to the demands of white people moving into the frontier, the early conservative banking practice of providing short-term loans backed by business paper, banknotes, and a limited supply of silver and gold gave way to much riskier long-term loans secured directly by land and human property. Louisiana banks engaged in some of the riskiest practices; Alabama banks, the least. These riskier practices culminated in the Panics of 1837 and","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heartsick and Astonished: Divorce in Civil War–Era West Virginia ed. by Allison Dorothy Fredette (review)","authors":"Katharine Lane Antolini","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a932575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a932575","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Heartsick and Astonished: Divorce in Civil War–Era West Virginia</em> ed. by Allison Dorothy Fredette <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Katharine Lane Antolini </li> </ul> <em>Heartsick and Astonished: Divorce in Civil War–Era West Virginia</em>. Edited by Allison Dorothy Fredette. New Perspectives on the Civil War Era. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 288. Paper, $32.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-6428-8; cloth, $114.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-6427-8.) <p>In <em>Heartsick and Astonished: Divorce in Civil War–Era West Virginia</em>, Allison Dorothy Fredette offers twenty-seven divorce cases between 1850 and <strong>[End Page 619]</strong> 1873 from Ohio County, (West) Virginia. This region is significant, according to Fredette, due to the extent of economic, political, and social transition it experienced in the mid-nineteenth century. It was a region gripped by the Civil War and a statehood movement with the county seat, the city of Wheeling, providing the leadership for the formation of West Virginia in 1863. Rapid transformations forced the construction of a new regional identity in which changes in divorce law were one small reflection. Wheeling, as Fredette explains, “was a city of free Blacks, enslaved people, and immigrants, of industry and agriculture, southern by geography and northern by nature” (p. 11). These dynamics were embodied within the bills of divorce, testimonies, and evidentiary letters submitted on behalf of the men and women wishing to end a marriage.</p> <p>Fredette begins with a thorough introduction that provides the reader with the necessary historical context to begin the exploration of divorce cases included in the book. The selected records offer a snapshot of a community’s social change across a twenty-year period, according to Fredette, and she includes a discussion of the local and national socioeconomic changes captured for that period. I was especially drawn to her discussion of expanding and conflicting gender roles as exposed within the divorce suits. The changing divorce laws reflected the evolving debates about women’s legal and economic rights and the new cultural expectations of an emotionally fulfilling marriage and family life. Women were both the oratrix (plaintiff) and the defendant in these cases. As plaintiffs, women sought divorce on grounds of adultery, abandonment, and cruelty, unwilling to suffer any longer in silence. As defendants, women found the soiling of their reputation to be an acceptable sacrifice for freedom from a restrictive marriage and unhappy life. Many chose to ignore the summons to appear in court in their own defense.</p> <p>Placing the divorce cases within the context of the Civil War and its aftermath reveals another level of women’s wartime experiences. Fredette documents a 284 percent increase in the Ohio County divorce rate ","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rhetorical Road to Brown v. Board of Education: Elizabeth and Waties Waring's Campaign by Wanda Little Fenimore (review)","authors":"Brian Daugherity","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a932602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a932602","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Rhetorical Road to Brown v. Board of Education: Elizabeth and Waties Waring’s Campaign</em> by Wanda Little Fenimore <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Brian Daugherity </li> </ul> <em>The Rhetorical Road to <span>Brown v. Board of Education</span>: Elizabeth and Waties Waring’s Campaign</em>. By Wanda Little Fenimore. Race, Rhetoric, and Media Series. (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2023. Pp. x, 240. Paper, $30.00, ISBN 978-1-4968-4397-5; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4968-4396-8.) <p>Scholars and others interested in the Jim Crow era, southern race relations, South Carolina history, political disenfranchisement, school segregation, and <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em> (1954) will find Wanda Little Fenimore’s <em>The Rhetorical Road to</em> Brown v. Board of Education<em>: Elizabeth and Waties Waring’s Campaign</em> of interest. This book examines the judicial rulings of federal district court judge Waties Waring of South Carolina, along with Judge Waring’s advocacy and that of his second wife, Elizabeth Waring, in the years preceding the <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em> decision. <em>The Rhetorical Road</em> argues that scholars have thus far neglected to fully consider the impact of the Warings’ speeches, interviews, and correspondence in the legal campaign to overturn <em>Plessy v. Ferguson</em> (1896). Fenimore’s account focuses on the Warings’ “rhetorical campaign” to end racial segregation, which spanned from Judge Waring’s involvement in a notable civil rights case in 1949 to his retirement and the couple’s relocation to New York City in 1952 (p. 5). Using the lens of rhetorical studies and the scholarship of speech and communication, Fenimore argues that the Warings carefully orchestrated a campaign of more than thirty public addresses, interviews, and other actions to bring about the end of segregation and racial injustice. The book also analyzes the motivations of Elizabeth and Waties, their personal and historical context, and reactions to the Warings’ actions.</p> <p><em>The Rhetorical Road</em> is an easily digestible and a well-researched account of the Warings’ activism and their historical context. The book is composed of eight chapters, along with an introduction and a conclusion, and is arranged chronologically. There is some overlap between chapters and some repetition, especially when the author seeks to reiterate the book’s principal arguments and impact. The story begins with the beating of Sergeant Isaac Woodard Jr. by police chief Lynwood Shull in Batesburg, South Carolina, in 1946, and the subsequent trial of Shull overseen by Judge Waring. Fenimore argues that Shull’s acquittal, and the trial generally, served as Elizabeth Waring’s “‘baptism in racial prejudice’” and as a motivating factor in the determination of both Warings to publicly combat racial ine","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowing Him by Heart: African Americans on Abraham Lincoln ed. by Fred Lee Hord and Matthew D. Norman (review)","authors":"Maurice Adkins","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a932576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a932576","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Knowing Him by Heart: African Americans on Abraham Lincoln</em> ed. by Fred Lee Hord and Matthew D. Norman <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Maurice Adkins </li> </ul> <em>Knowing Him by Heart: African Americans on Abraham Lincoln</em>. Edited by Fred Lee Hord and Matthew D. Norman. Knox College Lincoln Studies Center Series. (Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2023. Pp. xx, 537. $39.95, ISBN 978-0-252-04468-7.) <p>The anthology <em>Knowing Him by Heart: African Americans on Abraham Lincoln</em>, edited by Fred Lee Hord and Matthew D. Norman, provides a captivating exploration of the varied perspectives held by African Americans on Abraham Lincoln’s presidency and legacy. With more than two hundred letters and speeches delivered by local and national figures, the book offers a diverse range of views from African Americans who praised and criticized the president’s speeches, policies, and politics. Aiming to demonstrate how African Americans maintained and critiqued the memory of Abraham Lincoln within national discourse, the editors convincingly argue that views on the sixteenth president were not monolithic, as some spoke with adulation while others offered critiques and criticism of his candidacy, his presidency, and, after his death on April 15, 1865, his legacy.</p> <p>The editors are not the first to pursue this examination; scholars have engaged in these critiques because Lincoln’s legacy has coincided with the political and pedagogical debates on African American history. Though this text forgoes participating in this discussion, its content is a vital resource for historians and students who seek to understand the short- and long-term impact of Lincoln’s presidency on African Americans, particularly as posterity has maintained the moniker “the Great Emancipator,” which has come under scrutiny not only within academia but also among the broader public.</p> <p>The anthology, arranged chronologically, proves valuable, providing the reader with perspectives from Lincoln’s contemporaries, whose views have continued to guide the discourse on his legacy in the present day. Beginning with Frederick Douglass’s Emancipation Day address at Poughkeepsie, New York, on August 2, 1858, and closing with Barack Obama’s remarks at the Abraham Lincoln Association banquet in Springfield, Illinois, on February 12, 2009, speeches and opinions from national voices are combined with those of lesser-known individuals, which gives this book its uniqueness by featuring voices from all corners of African American society. It displays differing perspectives on Lincoln during his life and after his death, particularly views that were, and continue to be, shaped by the local, regional, and national narratives on the man who maintained the Union and ended slavery.</p> <p>As the reader navigates","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faith, Race, and the Lost Cause: Confessions of a Southern Church by Christopher Alan Graham (review)","authors":"Stephen R. Haynes","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a932580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a932580","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Faith, Race, and the Lost Cause: Confessions of a Southern Church</em> by Christopher Alan Graham <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Stephen R. Haynes </li> </ul> <em>Faith, Race, and the Lost Cause: Confessions of a Southern Church</em>. By Christopher Alan Graham. Foreword by Melanie Mullen. (Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 2023. Pp. xvi, 215. Paper, $29.00, ISBN 978-0-8139-4880-5; cloth, $95.00, ISBN 978-0-8139-4879-9.) <p><em>Faith, Race, and the Lost Cause: Confessions of a Southern Church</em> by Christopher Alan Graham traces the history of a single congregation: St. Paul’s Episcopal Church in Richmond, Virginia. But because the church has existed in the same urban neighborhood since the 1840s, the book is also the story of an evolving South, as well as of white Christians’ attempts to adapt to changing racial and social landscapes. Located downtown near the Virginia state capitol, St. Paul’s has always attracted Richmonders of wealth and influence. From its founding, the church was embedded in the culture of chattel <strong>[End Page 625]</strong> slavery (in 1845, most of St. Paul’s members and vestry members were enslavers); and during the Civil War St. Paul’s “bec[a]me a <em>de facto</em> state church for the slaveholding republic,” where Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis were regular visitors (p. 37).</p> <p>By 1870, St. Paul’s had become popular among tourists as the place where President Davis was at worship when General Lee sent news of the breaking of Confederate lines near Petersburg. After Davis’s death in 1889, the vestry moved to inscribe the church’s Confederate connections in “‘two conspicuous windows’” that were “‘dedicated as memorials to perpetuate’” the names and legacies of Lee and Davis (p. 53). Revealed in 1892, the Lee and Davis windows translated these heroes of the Lost Cause into quasi-biblical figures who were compared to Moses and St. Paul, respectively. These and other ecclesiastical tributes to the Confederate past lead Graham to call St. Paul’s “the ‘religious shrine of the Confederacy’” that “stood second to no other religious institution in contributing to the larger Lost Cause ideology” (pp. 76, 61).</p> <p>In one fascinating chapter, Graham explores the church’s history in the early twentieth century, when Lost Cause–based racial paternalism struggled for St. Paul’s soul with the Social Gospel preached by W. Russell Bowie, who became rector in 1911. During this era, St. Paul’s became a leader in interracial cooperation while holding on to racial paternalism and “romanticized notions of faithful slaves and beloved ‘mammies’” (p. 77). In a chapter titled “St. Paul’s in Reaction,” Graham traces the church’s response to judicial and ecclesiastical attacks on segregation, which he describes as a genteel, paternalistic middle path between ","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Man of Bad Reputation: The Murder of John Stephens and the Contested Landscape of North Carolina Reconstruction by Drew A. Swanson (review)","authors":"Elijah Gaddis","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a932583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a932583","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>A Man of Bad Reputation: The Murder of John Stephens and the Contested Landscape of North Carolina Reconstruction</em> by Drew A. Swanson <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Elijah Gaddis </li> </ul> <em>A Man of Bad Reputation: The Murder of John Stephens and the Contested Landscape of North Carolina Reconstruction</em>. By Drew A. Swanson. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 206. Paper, $24.95, ISBN 978-1-4696-7471-1; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-7470-4.) <p>It is a shopworn cliché among scholars of the South that the events and people we study are intimately tied to the places of their origin. At least since Eudora Welty and U. B. Phillips, we have endeavored to consider the South not just through regionality but also through the landscapes of the social worlds we study. These are big-picture currents. I mention them because Drew A. Swanson’s slim new volume, <em>A Man of Bad Reputation: The Murder of John Stephens and the Contested Landscape of North Carolina Reconstruction</em>, <strong>[End Page 629]</strong> builds on this tradition and admirably complicates our understanding of the experience of Reconstruction and the landscape of the southern Piedmont.</p> <p>While not a complete reorientation toward the study of space and away from time, <em>A Man of Bad Reputation</em> gives weight to a broad temporal and spatial scope while nominally focusing on a single event. Swanson uses the 1870 assassination of North Carolina state senator John Stephens as a jumping- off point for a broad consideration of the experience of Reconstruction. Crucially, he does not confine that consideration to the years of Reconstruction alone, but shows instead how the idea of Reconstruction continued to be an animating force in Caswell County and throughout North Carolina long after its nominal conclusion. This book is concerned not just with memory, but also with the continual unfolding and narration of events over a longer duration. It is not the much-abused <em>longue durée</em> of the Annales school, but rather part of an important trend in recent southern historiography that recognizes the continual overlaps of historical production with what we often call memory.</p> <p>The story of John Stephens’s killing unfolds over six chapters and an epilogue. More accurately, the book’s subject is “the ghost of John Stephens” read backward and forward (p. 4). Swanson’s introduction sets out the scale under which he is considering Reconstruction: his focus is on “hinge[s]” and other moments of both turmoil and possibility on the ground (p. 3). Other chapters read the Civil War through the agricultural and environmental lens of the Piedmont (chapter 1, “Promise”) or the tenuous politics of mobility and labor in the immediate aftermath of the war (chapter 3, “Perdition”). Most often the titular c","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}