{"title":"Novelty, Consistency, Transparency: The Trilemma of Psychological Sciences and its Consequences on Open Science Practices.","authors":"Paul Bertin, Kenzo Nera","doi":"10.5334/irsp.979","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past decade has emphasised the importance of transparency for robust psychological research. However, transparent research has a cost, and it is hardly compatible with both conceptual novelty and statistical consistency across multiple studies. We propose that these three criteria can be conceptualized as a trilemma: fulfilling two of them considerably reduces the probability of satisfying the third one. An article testing a novel idea and transparently reporting evidence is likely to include empirical failure that impede consistency. An article transparently reporting consistent findings probably will acknowledge a replication effort that does not seek theoretical advances. Finally, an article presenting consistent evidence through multiple studies for a novel idea is not likely to be transparent. At a practical level, we argue that the pressure of the trilemma poses a threat for transparency, which is less tangible and historically important in the evaluation of research articles than the two other criteria. While the open science movement grows in importance, the pressure of the trilemma may encourage an opportunistic use of open science practices as a form of virtue signalling compensating for low transparency. Stakeholders, from editors to reviewers, should be aware of the constraints posed by transparency to continue improving the robustness of psychological science and avoiding a deleterious use of open science practices. We review potential solutions to break the pressure of the trilemma.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"38 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying with a Classically Liberal Nation: A Social Justice Perspective on Majority Opposition to Multiculturalism.","authors":"Jessica Gale, Antoine Roblain, Christian Staerklé","doi":"10.5334/irsp.941","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opposition to multiculturalism is common among native majorities. Normatively, this group-based political theory and public policy has been described as being incompatible with the individual justice-based orientation of Western liberal societies. In this research, we account for national majority opposition to multiculturalism by arguing that national identities in classically liberal societies are primarily associated with individual justice beliefs, in opposition to group-based justice beliefs. A correlational (<i>N</i> = 91) and an experimental (<i>N</i> = 172) study in Switzerland first show that the relationship between national identification and opposition to multiculturalism is partially explained by a belief in individual responsibility, a key facet of individual justice. This result was replicated using representative Swiss data from the World Values Survey (<i>N</i> = 1241), as well as in Belgium (<i>N</i> = 362), another Western liberal society. Effects transcended an ethnic conception of national identity and provide a novel perspective on majority multicultural attitudes as rooted in group-based conceptions of social justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"38 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Stereotype Threat Influences Cognitive Performance: It All Depends on How You Feel!","authors":"Saša Drače, Verda Dolarević, Elma Šašić","doi":"10.5334/irsp.976","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies have shown that mood could be used as diagnostic information for the assessment of situational demands and that, as such, it can regulate resource mobilization. Accordingly, it was found that negative mood causes overestimation of situational demands, which then leads to effort exertion during performance on easy tasks but disengagement on difficult tasks. The present research investigated whether this mood-motivation relation could be extended to specific emotions to explain the effect of stereotype threat (ST). In order to answer this question, the participants in the standard (fear-based) ST and the no-ST conditions had to perform easy (Study 1) or difficult (Study 2) cognitive tasks. To further explore the hypothetical role of threat-related emotions in each study we introduced another condition in which participants under ST were induced to feel anger (i.e., an emotion theoretically characterized by the perception of low situational demands). Although both ST conditions consistently showed greater stereotype-related concerns compared with the control (no-ST) group, the expected increase in easy task performance (Study 1) and decrease in difficult task performance (Study 2) were observed only in the standard (fear-based) ST condition, but not when participants under ST experienced anger. Our findings suggest that specific emotions emerging under ST could govern motivational processes and account for the effect of ST. Accordingly, the way that individuals appraise ST may have an important impact on task performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"38 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentina Rizzoli, Anderson da Silveira, Mirella De Falco, Mauro Sarrica
{"title":"Two Sides of the Same Coin: How to Integrate Social Network Analysis and Topic Detection to Investigate Shared Contents and Communicative Interactions in Social Representations.","authors":"Valentina Rizzoli, Anderson da Silveira, Mirella De Falco, Mauro Sarrica","doi":"10.5334/irsp.973","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper advances the integration of Social Network Analysis (SNA) and topic detection into the study of Social Representations (SRs). We suggest that a combination of the two analyses helps to detect communities characterised by shared contents and/or social interactions, the two facets that make representations 'social'. Building on Moliner's (2023) proposal we present a step-by-step approach to combine the identification of shared meanings based on lexicometric analysis and identification of social interaction based on social network analysis techniques. To illustrate our proposal, we use a dataset of 396 Brazilian tweets about the Covid-19 pandemic that was collected to investigate the SR of science during the pandemic. The Reinert method was run on the corpus using the Iramuteq R interface and a bipartite network analysis was performed using Gephi software. We thus operationalised 615 users and six topics as nodes, while shared topics and interactions (883 mentions) as arcs. This allowed us to examine both the content of social representations and interactions among different individuals and communities. In our case, the results highlight shared content as the main determinant for community formation; however, some users appear to have linked different communities together: they are associated to a community not because of the topic they share, but because of their interactions with other users. We contend this methodology proves to be a fruitful theoretical-methodological link between SNA and SR theory, as it detects both facets of the relationship between SRs and groups: the shared contents and the communicative interactions between individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"37 ","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subramanya Prasad Chandrashekar, Stephanie Permut, Hallgeir Sjåstad, Chelsea Chi Wing Lo, Yong Jun Kueh, Emily Sihui Zhong, Kai Hin Wan, Kai Yi Kelly Choy, Man Chung Wong, Stanley Wei Jian Hugh, Khan Tahira, Bo Ley Cheng, Gilad Feldman
{"title":"Do People Believe They Are Less Predictable Than Others? Three Replications of Pronin and Kugler's (2010) Experiment 1.","authors":"Subramanya Prasad Chandrashekar, Stephanie Permut, Hallgeir Sjåstad, Chelsea Chi Wing Lo, Yong Jun Kueh, Emily Sihui Zhong, Kai Hin Wan, Kai Yi Kelly Choy, Man Chung Wong, Stanley Wei Jian Hugh, Khan Tahira, Bo Ley Cheng, Gilad Feldman","doi":"10.5334/irsp.946","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pronin and Kugler (2010) proposed that people believe they have more free will than others. In their Experiment 1 they showed that US students evaluated their own decisions and life events as less predictable than similar decisions and life events of close others, presumably suggesting higher free will attributions. We conducted three pre-registered replications of this study, one with a Hong Kong undergraduate sample (<i>N</i> = 47) and two online samples from the USA (MTurk using CloudResearch: <i>N</i> = 126, Prolific: <i>N</i> = 858) (overall <i>N</i> = 1031). In Studies 1a and 1b that mirrored the target article's mixed design (self-other between, past-future within), we found support for the original findings with weaker effects. In Study 2 we contrasted between-subject versus within-subject designs in a single data collection. We successfully replicated the effects with the between-subject design, whereas we failed to find support for the effect using the within-subjects design. This suggests support for the phenomenon in single evaluation mode assessing either the self or the other, but that people correct for the self-other asymmetry in perceived predictability when the judgment is made in joint evaluations mode. Materials, data, and code are available on: https://osf.io/ykmqp/. Open peer review: https://osf.io/d47kj.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"37 ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wrongness and Blame Judgments and Their Dynamics: Toward a Three-Input Processing Model of Moral Judgment.","authors":"Aurore Gaboriaud, Flora Gautheron, Jean-Charles Quinton, Annique Smeding","doi":"10.5334/irsp.868","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In moral psychology, several approaches to moral judgments coexist, with sometimes contradictory results for different types of judgments. In the current research, we combine two views of moral judgment into a novel three-input processing model. As a first empirical test of this model, the present research investigates the influence of these three classic inputs (i.e., intent, outcome, and causality) on wrongness and blame judgments as well as their underlying dynamics. This preregistered experiment (<i>N</i> = 145) re-uses an adapted mouse-tracking paradigm to analyze these influences over time. Results on final judgments replicate the effects of intent, outcome, and causality, as well as partial evidence for their interaction effects. Mouse trajectory analysis further refines these interaction effects, including evidence for differential dynamics for blame versus wrongness judgments. However, this study does not reveal clear differential weight for intent and outcome inputs in blame versus wrongness judgments. Discussion focuses on the evidence supporting but also contradicting the proposed three-input processing model and insists on the importance of distinguishing between final judgments and underlying dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"37 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Double-Edged Sword: Unraveling the Dual Outcomes of Workplace Humor on the Social Identity of Employees.","authors":"Sana Mumtaz","doi":"10.5334/irsp.935","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Building on the social identity theory, this conceptual article proposes a process model to understand the linkage between workplace humor and the social identity change experiences of employees. Further, it identifies the underlying mechanisms and conditions which impact the positive and negative identity changes during this process. Based on the proposed model, it is suggested that exposure to negative workplace humor is likely to lead to employee surface acting particularly when the need for social affiliation is high among individuals. On the one hand, identity synergy would facilitate positive emotions and psychological safety and is likely to support improved voice behavior in employees. On the other hand, perceptions of identity conflict would trigger negative emotions and lead to emotional exhaustion and expressed rudeness at the workplace; such individuals would engage in deviant workplace behaviors because of persistent negative experiences. Overall, the proposed conceptual model proposes a thorough relational process model unveiling socio-psychological outcomes of negative workplace humor and needs to be tested in multiple contexts to unveil the role of novel conditional factors impacting internalized change experiences of employees.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"37 ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hilmar Brohmer, Gabriela Hofer, Sebastian A Bauch, Julia Beitner, Jana B Berkessel, Katja Corcoran, David Garcia, Freya M Gruber, Fiorina Giuliani, Emanuel Jauk, Georg Krammer, Smirna Malkoc, Hannah Metzler, Hanna M Mües, Kathleen Otto, Rima-Maria Rahal, Mona Salwender, Sabine Sczesny, Dagmar Stahlberg, Wilken Wehrt, Ursula Athenstaedt
{"title":"Effects of the Generic Masculine and Its Alternatives in Germanophone Countries: A Multi-Lab Replication and Extension of Stahlberg, Sczesny, and Braun (2001).","authors":"Hilmar Brohmer, Gabriela Hofer, Sebastian A Bauch, Julia Beitner, Jana B Berkessel, Katja Corcoran, David Garcia, Freya M Gruber, Fiorina Giuliani, Emanuel Jauk, Georg Krammer, Smirna Malkoc, Hannah Metzler, Hanna M Mües, Kathleen Otto, Rima-Maria Rahal, Mona Salwender, Sabine Sczesny, Dagmar Stahlberg, Wilken Wehrt, Ursula Athenstaedt","doi":"10.5334/irsp.522","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In languages such as German, French, or Hindi, plural forms of job occupations and societal roles are often in a generic-masculine form instead of a gender-inclusive form. Although meant as 'generic,' this generic-masculine form excludes women from everyday language. Specifically, listeners and readers are less likely to think of women when this form is used. Due to the societal relevance of gender-inclusive language, we directly replicated and extended a classic study by Stahlberg, Sczesny, and Braun (2001, Experiment 2) in a multi-lab setting and as a registered confirmatory report. We prompted participants from German-speaking countries to name up to three celebrities each in six categories (e.g., 'Name three politicians' or '(…) singers'). We then counted how often participants mentioned women. Participants were either prompted with the generic-masculine form, a neutralized control form or one out of three gender-inclusive forms. Our data from twelve labs and <i>N</i> = 2,697 participants replicated the original effect: when prompted with gender-inclusive forms participants mentioned more women than when the generic masculine and the control form were used. Moreover, the effect remained present in multilevel models and when controlling for participants' sex and their perceived base rate in these celebrity categories (i.e., the expected proportion of women). Other variables, such as political orientation or preference for gender-inclusive language, did not show large effects, either. We discuss the differences between specific gender-inclusive forms (e.g., the internal-I vs. feminine-masculine forms), implications for regulations and guidelines, as well as implications for non-binary and gender-diverse people.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"37 ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inkuk Kim, Samantha K Stanley, Kirsti M Jylhä, Nic Badullovich
{"title":"Limited and Mixed Evidence for System-Sanctioned Change to Protect the Environment: A Replication Study.","authors":"Inkuk Kim, Samantha K Stanley, Kirsti M Jylhä, Nic Badullovich","doi":"10.5334/irsp.871","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feygina and colleagues (2010, Study 3) reported that people who prefer the status quo can be encouraged towards pro-environmental responses when environmental protection is framed as protecting the current way of life. We report a preregistered close replication and extension of this work (<i>N</i> = 567). When all participants are made to feel dependent on the country they live in, we did not find evidence that the association between system justification and environmental intentions depended on whether participants read a system-preservation or control message, but the likelihood of signing petitions did. Among participants assigned to a second control condition, who were not exposed to any message, there was a negative association between system justification and pro-environmental behaviour intentions, raising the possibility that both original study conditions attenuated this association. Our findings highlight both the importance of replication and the inclusion of a true control condition, and they raise the possibility that leveraging an audience's existing values may not always mobilise pro-environmental actions. In the case of ideological opposition to the status quo, a system dependence message could depress otherwise high pro-environmental responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"37 ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blake Quinney, Michael Wenzel, Michael Thai, Tyler Okimoto, Lydia Woodyatt
{"title":"Is it Genuine or Pseudo-Forgiveness? Offenders' Appraisals of Victims' Expressed Forgiveness as a Function of Engagement in Co-Reflection.","authors":"Blake Quinney, Michael Wenzel, Michael Thai, Tyler Okimoto, Lydia Woodyatt","doi":"10.5334/irsp.887","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After interpersonal wrongdoing, a victim may express forgiveness with or without having truly experienced a transformation to more positive sentiments toward the offender. As those forgiving sentiments are internal states, offenders do not know, and would need to make inferences, whether the forgiveness is genuine or pseudo-forgiveness. Two studies, an experiment using vignettes (<i>N</i> = 308) and a correlational study using a recalled wrongdoing (<i>N</i> = 179), provided evidence that, to the extent that the forgiveness was preceded by a reflective dialogue with the victim (i.e., co-reflection), offenders perceived the victim to believe in a shared value consensus and, mediated by it, appraised the forgiveness as more genuine. These findings highlight the dyadic nature of the moral repair process: the victim's forgiveness gains meaning through the offender's appraisal. If a victim wishes to communicate genuine forgiveness, then engaging with the offender in co-reflection may facilitate such meaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"37 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}