Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome最新文献

{"title":"Spatial Transcriptomics of Adipose Tissue: Technologies, Applications, and Challenges.","authors":"A K Keesling, E A Rondini, James Granneman","doi":"10.7570/jomes25078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes25078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipose tissue is a complex metabolic and endocrine organ that plays a central role in systemic energy homeostasis. While single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing have revealed remarkable cellular heterogeneity within adipose tissue depots, these approaches lack spatial context, limiting the ability to understand how cellular organization and microenvironmental cues shape adipose tissue biology. Spatial transcriptomics (ST) has emerged as a powerful technology to overcome this barrier by allowing one to map gene expression directly within intact tissue sections. Recent advances in ST platforms now permit analysis at a high resolution, enabling interrogation of adipocyte subpopulations, stromal progenitors, immune cell infiltration, and tissue remodeling. In this review, we provide an overview of current ST technologies, computational strategies for analysis, and recent applications for understanding adipose tissue biology. We further highlight key opportunities for ST to address unanswered questions surrounding adipogenic niches, depot-specific remodeling, and immune cell interactions. Together, these advances position ST as a transformative tool for dissecting the architecture and function of adipose tissue in health and metabolic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145303953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal and Multidimensional Artificial Intelligence Technology in Obesity.","authors":"Hyeseung Lee, Jiyoung Hwang, Dong Keon Yon, Sang Youl Rhee","doi":"10.7570/jomes25035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes25035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, related treatment remains a complex challenge that requires multidimensional approaches. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of multimodal methods capable of integrating diverse types of data. These AI approaches utilize both multimodal data integration and multidimensional feature representations, enabling personalized, data-driven strategies for obesity management. AI can support obesity management through applications such as risk prediction, clinical decision support systems, large language models, and digital therapeutics. Several studies have shown that these AI-based weight loss programs can achieve significant weight reduction and behavioral changes. These AI systems can induce behavioral modifications through continuous personalized feedback and improve accessibility for people in underserved areas. However, these AI technologies must address issues such as data privacy and security, transparency and accountability, and consider the potential widening health disparities between individuals who have access to AI technology and those who do not, as well as strategies for sustained user engagement. Conducting long-term clinical trials and evaluations of cost-effectiveness across diverse, large-scale populations would facilitate the effective application of AI in obesity management, ultimately contributing to improvements in public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation by Rectal Enema Improves Short-Term Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Setthachai Piwchan, Natsuda Aumpan, Soonthorn Chonprasertsuk, Bubpha Pornthisarn, Sith Siramolpiwat, Patommatat Bhanthumkomol, Pongjarat Nunanan, Navapan Issariyakulkarn, Arti Wongcha-Um, Muhammad Miftahussurur, Varocha Mahachai, Yoshio Yamaoka, Ratha-Korn Vilaichone","doi":"10.7570/jomes25014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes25014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including metabolism. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) involves transferring fecal matter from a healthy donor to rebalance a patient's intestinal dysbiosis. The impact of FMT on metabolic syndrome (MetS) is subject to debate. This study assesses the effects of FMT on MetS when administered by rectal enema.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, subjects with MetS were assigned to receive either FMT (n=8) or a sham intervention (n=10) via rectal enema. Participants were followed at 6 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was changes in the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Secondary outcomes included fasting blood glucose (FBG), body mass index (BMI), inflammatory markers, and hepatic steatosis. The mean adjusted difference (MAD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between groups were reported as treatment effects using a linear marginal model for repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included patients with a mean age of 50.4±10.7 years. Baseline BMI and HOMA-IR were similar between groups. Over 6 weeks, FMT significantly improved HOMA-IR (MAD, -1.63; 95% CI, -2.63 to -0.64; <i>P</i>=0.001). The FMT group also showed improvements in serum FBG and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein compared with levels in the sham group (<i>P</i>=0.044 and <i>P</i>=0.025, respectively). However, no significant changes in MetS-associated variables or liver steatosis were evident at 12 weeks. Stool microbiota analysis revealed a reduced relative abundance of <i>Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides</i>, and <i>Parabacteroides</i> after FMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FMT by rectal enema produced favorable changes in IR in patients with MetS. FMT may be an effective treatment for patients with metabolism-related diseases. Further research into the long-term benefits of the procedure is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Score for Significant Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.","authors":"Aphichat Suphathamwit, Kamheang Vacharaksa, Chaowanan Khamtuikrua, Chanakan Jerdmathawut, Voraboot Taweerutchana, Chutharat Wetchakama, Nipaporn Sangarunakul","doi":"10.7570/jomes25019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes25019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Morbid obesity is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diastolic dysfunction, particularly in non-cardiac surgeries, has been associated with increased incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and to identify associated clinical risk factors using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study, 113 morbidly obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery between April 2019 and January 2023 were enrolled. Diastolic function was assessed after anesthesia induction using TEE and categorized as normal or grade I, II, or III dysfunction based on the E/e' ratio. The primary study outcome was the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction, while secondary outcomes included identification of risk factors, development of a predictive score and evaluation of perioperative complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diastolic dysfunction was identified in 45.1% of patients (grade I: 21.2%; grade II: 19.5%; and grade III: 4.4%). Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.08) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (OR, 4.22; 95% CI, 1.02 to 17.55) were significantly associated with high-grade dysfunction (grades II-III). A predictive score demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy with a cutoff of >120 points. The score was calculated as (age×2)+(coronary artery disease×51)+(chronic kidney disease×102)+(OSA without CPAP×2)+(OSA with CPAP×63). Postoperative outcomes did not differ significantly between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diastolic dysfunction is prevalent among morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. A predictive score exceeding 120 points may aid in identifying individuals at elevated risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Development in a Community-Based Population.","authors":"Yiting Xu, Tingting Hu, Xiaoya Li, Yun Shen, Yunfeng Xiao, Yufei Wang, Yuqian Bao, Xiaojing Ma","doi":"10.7570/jomes25009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes25009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study explores how relative skeletal muscle mass is associated with the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and the remission of baseline MASLD in a community-based population cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 1,544 participants with an average age of 58 years. All participants underwent baseline and follow-up assessments in 2015 or 2016. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured using an automatic bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and total skeletal muscle mass was calculated using the BIA equation. Relative skeletal muscle mass was evaluated in two ways: divided by weight and divided by visceral fat area (VFA). Liver fat content was assessed using ultrasonography, and the NAFLD fibrosis score was calculated to quantify the degree of liver fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 2.1 years, each one-standard deviation increase in relative total skeletal muscle mass was associated with a decreased risk of MASLD incidence among males (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43 to 0.74, adjusted for weight; and HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.42, adjusted for VFA) and females (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.83, adjusted for weight; and HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.70, adjusted for VFA). In both sexes, the increase in relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass was also associated with a reduced MASLD risk. We found statistically significant inverse associations between relative skeletal muscle mass and both liver fat content and liver fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low relative muscle mass is associated with an increased risk of MASLD incidence and persistence. Therefore, increasing skeletal muscle mass over time might aid in the prevention and management of MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Physical Activity on Medical Expenses among Individuals with Obesity in Korea: Insights from a Nationwide Study.","authors":"Ga Eun Nam, Youn Huh, Kyungdo Han, Kyu-Na Lee, Chung-Woo Lee, Wonsock Kim, Kye-Yeung Park, Hae-Jin Ko, Yoon Jeong Cho, Chong Hwa Kim, Seungjoon Oh","doi":"10.7570/jomes250520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes250520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on the relationship between physical activity and medical expenses among individuals with obesity has been sparse. This study investigates that association using nationwide data from Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the National Sample Cohort of the Korean National Health Insurance Service, including 112,531 adults with obesity who underwent at least two health screenings within a 2-year interval between 2009 and 2015. Participants were categorized into four groups based on changes in their regular physical activity during 2 years: non-exercisers, quitters, starters, and maintainers. A two-part model was used to assess the average and excess annual medical expenses per person, including outpatient and hospitalization expenses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower levels of physical activity correlated with an increase in both average and excess annual medical expenses per person (<i>P</i> for trend <0.001). Non-exercisers showed the highest average annual medical expenses per person, followed by quitters, starters, and maintainers. The most substantial increases in overall medical expenses were observed among quitters, followed by non-exercisers, starters, and maintainers. These associations were prominent in individuals aged ≥65 years and those with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this nationwide study of individuals with obesity, lower physical activity levels were associated with increased medical expenses. Consistently engaging in physical activity might significantly lower medical expenses, particularly among elderly people and individuals with comorbidities. These findings highlight the importance of promoting This is a PDF file of an article accepted, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. sustained physical activity as a strategy for managing healthcare costs among individuals with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Pharmacologic Treatment of Overweight and Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity.","authors":"Jae Hyun Bae, Ji-Hee Haam, Eonju Jeon, Seo Young Kang, SuJin Song, Cheol-Young Park, Hyuktae Kwon","doi":"10.7570/jomes25042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes25042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity has published the 9th edition of its Clinical Practice Guidelines to provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the management of overweight and obesity. Developed through a structured process of systematic literature review and expert consensus, these guidelines incorporate recent clinical evidence for obesity management. Key clinical questions were formulated using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome framework and addressed through comprehensive evaluations of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and existing guidelines. Major updates include the inclusion of the concept of clinical obesity, defined as excessive adiposity with tissue and organ dysfunction. The revised guidelines expand recommendations for pharmacologic treatments and introduce a new section on functional health foods. Emphasis is placed on early assessment of treatment response and individualized therapeutic adjustments to improve long-term outcomes. The guidelines also highlight the importance of recognizing obesity-related health conditions and ensuring equitable access to care. They promote shared decision-making and ethical prescribing practices to support a person-centered approach. All recommendations are evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, which reflects the strength of evidence and the balance of expected benefits and harms. These updates are intended to assist healthcare providers in delivering personalized, evidence-informed care and underscore the evolving role of pharmacotherapy within risk-based obesity management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter: Separating the Effects of Early-Life and Adult Body Size on Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study (J Obes Metab Syndr 2025;34:65-74).","authors":"Young Hye Cho, Jung In Choi, Sang Yeoup Lee","doi":"10.7570/jomes25056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes25056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Obesity Fact Sheet in Korea: Prevalence of Obesity, Abdominal Obesity, Obesity Defined by Body Fat Percentage, and Underweight in Adults in Korea from 2013 to 2022.","authors":"Sinyoung Cho, Jin-Hyung Jung, Ga Eun Nam, In Young Cho, Kye-Yeung Park, Su-Min Jeong, Kyungdo Han","doi":"10.7570/jomes25039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes25039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 2024 Obesity Fact Sheet provides an updated overview of the prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, underweight, and obesity as defined by body fat percentage and low muscle mass.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included participants who underwent general health examinations provided by the National Health Insurance Service between 2013 and 2022 (17,220,905 in 2022) and 4,425 participants in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, prevalence rates of obesity and abdominal obesity were 38.4% (males 49.6%, females 27.7%) and 24.5% (males 31.3%, females 18.0%), respectively. Although the prevalence of obesity increased across all classes, class II and III obesity increased notably by 1.6-fold and 2.6-fold, respectively, compared with 2013. The prevalence of underweight was highest among adults aged 20 to 24 and those aged ≥85. Across all age groups, the prevalence of underweight was consistently higher among females than in males. The prevalence of obesity, defined as body fat percentage, was 41.5% (46.1% in males and 37.1% in females), whereas that of low muscle mass was 16.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents updated data on the prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, underweight, and obesity defined by body fat percentage and low muscle mass. These findings highlight the need for timely strategies for obesity prevention and management, as well as the importance of addressing underweight status among young adults and older individuals. Moreover, our findings emphasize the complexity of obesity assessment, addressing the need for more detailed evaluation of body composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Prevalence of Obesity and Related Cardiometabolic and Renal Complications in Korea: A Nationwide Study 2007 to 2022.","authors":"Eugene Han, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Jangho Lee, Yong-Ho Lee","doi":"10.7570/jomes24040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes24040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As obesity increases, the burden of obesity-related comorbidities also rises. However, the prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities among individuals in Korea has not been evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2007 to 2022 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database were analyzed (n=93,761). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, steatotic liver disease (SLD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was analyzed based on the presence of obesity and central obesity. The prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities was examined according to age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of obesity has steady increased from 31.5% in 2007-2009 to 37.4% in 2020-2022, with a more pronounced rise in men and those aged 19 to 39 years. Among individuals with obesity, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, CKD, and SLD has also increased. The proportion of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and MASLD with increased alcohol intake have risen. The increase in CKD prevalence was particularly prominent in the young (19 to 39 years) and middle-aged (40 to 59 years) groups. Similar trends were observed when analyzing data based on central obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With the increase in obesity, the prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities in the Korean population has risen. Young and middle-aged individuals with obesity are particularly vulnerable to these comorbidities, highlighting the need for early intervention and targeted healthcare strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}