Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components.","authors":"Hyun-Jin Kim, Juyeon Hwang, Jin-Ho Park","doi":"10.7570/jomes24036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes24036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambient air pollution is a serious public health issue worldwide. A growing number of studies has highlighted the negative effects of air pollution on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, including abdominal obesity, disorders of lipid metabolism, elevated blood pressure, and impaired fasting blood glucose. This review provides a brief overview of epidemiological and genetic interaction studies of the links between chronic exposure to ambient air pollution and MetS and its components, as well as plausible mechanisms underlying these relationships. The cumulative evidence suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution, especially particulate matter, increases the risk of MetS and its components. These associations can be partly modified by baseline characteristics, lifestyle, and health conditions. Gene-by-air-pollution interaction studies, limited to candidate genes in the past, have recently been conducted at an expanded genome-wide level. However, more such studies are needed to comprehensively understand the genetics involved in the association between air pollution and MetS. Mechanistic evidence suggests potential biological pathways, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Perspectives on Pediatric Obesity Prevention and Management in Korea: Insights into Barriers and Facilitators.","authors":"Jahye Jung, Yoon Lee, Minsoo Shin, Ah-Ram Sul, Yong Hee Hong","doi":"10.7570/jomes24050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes24050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parental awareness and involvement are crucial in managing obesity in children and adolescents. Although awareness of obesity-related health risks is increasing, public understanding of specific aspects remains limited. This study examines parental perceptions and practices regarding pediatric obesity in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was conducted from June 3 to 14, 2024, targeting 102 parents/guardians of children and adolescents who were overweight or obese according to the 2023 Student Health Examination results. The survey assessed experiences with medical consultations, awareness and management practices regarding obesity, awareness of related policies, and barriers and facilitators for obesity management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant gap exists between awareness and actual practice in managing pediatric obesity. Although 90.2% of the respondents recognized the importance of dietary and exercise management, the actual implementation rates were low (68.6% and 66.7%, respectively). Notably, 62.1% of respondents were unaware of any existing national policies or programs: 39.7% were aware of relevant policies, and only 35.3% were aware of related programs. Barriers to obesity management included a lack of awareness and motivation among children and adolescents, insufficient information for parents/guardians, and financial and time constraints. Facilitators of effective management include accurate diagnosis, coordination between schools and healthcare providers, and increased community support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combating pediatric obesity will require improved awareness and education, reduced financial burden, and the promotion of national policies. Strengthening coordination among schools, healthcare providers, and community resources will facilitate the successful management of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Mass Index and Medical Expenses Paid by the National Health Insurance Service in Korean Adults.","authors":"Youn Huh, Ga Eun Nam, Hye Soon Park","doi":"10.7570/jomes24019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes24019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the medical expenses paid by the Korea National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) according to body mass index (BMI) in Korean adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 1,170,464 adults (623,498 men and 546,966 women) aged ≥19 years from the KNHIS-National Sample Cohort database (2016 to 2019) after excluding individuals with cancer. Average yearly medical expenses per person and average yearly medical expenses (Korean won [KRW], 1 United States dollar=1,292 KRW) by BMI classification were assessed according to age and sex. The medical expenses comprised those for medication, outpatient department (OPD), and hospitalization. The means and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed using a two-factor t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average yearly medical expenses per person increased significantly as BMI increased in women but not in men. The average yearly medical expenses were highest in the highest quintile of BMI in all age groups and in women. Even though BMI showed a U-shape association with medical expenses for OPD and hospitalization in young and elderly individuals, medical expenses for medication in all age groups and those for OPD and hospitalization in middle-aged individuals increased sharply in the highest quintile of BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All types of medical expenses increased in higher BMI groups in all Korean adults, particularly in women, and those with the highest BMI had the highest direct medical expenses. Strategies for preventing and managing obesity are warranted to minimize the burden from medical expenses.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Obesity: A Narrative Review of Their Association and Potential Mechanisms.","authors":"Jee-Seon Shim","doi":"10.7570/jomes24045","DOIUrl":"10.7570/jomes24045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a major global health concern, with diet playing a crucial role in its development and treatment. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have become prevalent in diets due to changes in the food environment. These foods are energy-dense; high in fat, sugars, or salt; and low in fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals, raising concerns about their effects on health. In addition to traditional research focused on nutrients, food, and dietary quality, growing evidence has linked UPF consumption to obesity. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive review of the levels and trends of UPF consumption, current epidemiological evidence on the association between UPF consumption and obesity, and UPFs' potential role in the etiology of obesity and weight gain. Additionally, this study reviews strategies for reducing UPF consumption and outlines future studies of the link between UPF consumption and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Mendelian Randomization: Assumptions, Methods, and Application to Obesity-Related Diseases.","authors":"Seungjae Lee, Woojoo Lee","doi":"10.7570/jomes24031","DOIUrl":"10.7570/jomes24031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical method that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of exposure on an outcome in the presence of unmeasured confounding. In this review, we argue that it is crucial to acknowledge the instrumental variable assumptions in MR analysis. We describe widely used MR methods, using an example from obesity-related metabolic disorders. We describe situations in which instrumental variable assumptions are violated and explain how to evaluate these violations and employ robust methods for accommodating such violations.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":"14-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Roles and Challenges in Managing Pediatric Obesity: Insights from Focus Group Interviews in Korea.","authors":"Jieun Ju, Jahye Jung, Yong Hee Hong, Minsoo Shin, Yoon Lee, Ah-Ram Sul","doi":"10.7570/jomes24052","DOIUrl":"10.7570/jomes24052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric obesity is a global public health concern. South Korea is witnessing a notable increase in obesity rates among children and adolescents, despite various governmental interventions. Parents play a crucial role in preventing and managing pediatric obesity, as they are typically the primary observers of their child's weight and daily habits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 10 parents of overweight or obese children and adolescents in South Korea, identified from a 2023 Student Health Examination. Focus group interviews were conducted to explore participants' experiences, followed by a rigorous qualitative content analysis of the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed one main theme, parental roles and challenges in managing pediatric obesity, that encompassed five categories: parental awareness and perception of pediatric obesity; causes of pediatric obesity; parental strategies for managing obesity; barriers to management; and support systems and resources. Parental recognition of their child's obesity was predominantly initiated through student health examinations at school, and the cause of obesity was multifactorial. Parents use various strategies, such as dietary changes and exercise promotion, but face barriers, including stigma and resource constraints. Parents demand comprehensive support from schools, healthcare providers, and community programs to effectively manage obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions to address parents' specific obstacles in managing pediatric obesity. Enhancing parental awareness, providing clear information, and strengthening support systems are essential for preventing and managing pediatric obesity in South Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separating the Effects of Early-Life and Adult Body Size on Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Xunliang Li, Wenman Zhao, Haifeng Pan, Deguang Wang","doi":"10.7570/jomes24018","DOIUrl":"10.7570/jomes24018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. This study sought to explore how body size in childhood and adulthood independently affects CKD risk in later life using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Univariate and multivariate MR was used to estimate total and independent effects of body size exposures. Genetic associations with early-life and adult body size were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 453,169 participants in the U.K. Biobank, and genetic associations with CKD were obtained from the CKDGen and FinnGen consortia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A larger genetically predicted early-life body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.41; <i>P</i>=1.70E-05) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (β=0.010; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.021; <i>P</i>=0.001). However, the association between the impact of early-life body size on CKD (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.31; <i>P</i>=0.173) and BUN level (β=0.001; 95% CI, -0.010 to 0.012; <i>P</i>=0.853) did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for adult body size. Larger genetically predicted adult body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.54; <i>P</i>=4.60E-07), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (β=-0.011; 95% CI, -0.017 to -0.006; <i>P</i>=5.79E-05), and increased BUN level (β=0.010; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.019; <i>P</i>=0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research indicates that the significant correlation between early-life body size and CKD risk is likely due to maintaining a large body size into adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity Phenotypes, Lifestyle Medicine, and Population Health: Precision Needed Everywhere!","authors":"Jean-Pierre Després, Dominic J Chartrand, Adrien Murphy-Després, Isabelle Lemieux, Natalie Alméras","doi":"10.7570/jomes24043","DOIUrl":"10.7570/jomes24043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The worldwide prevalence of obesity is a key factor involved in the epidemic proportions reached by chronic societal diseases. A revolution in the study of obesity has been the development of imaging techniques for the measurement of its regional distribution. These imaging studies have consistently reported that individuals with an excess of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were those characterized by the highest cardiometabolic risk. Excess VAT has also been found to be accompanied by ectopic fat deposition. It is proposed that subcutaneous versus visceral obesity can be considered as two extremes of a continuum of adiposity phenotypes with cardiometabolic risk ranging from low to high. The heterogeneity of obesity phenotypes represents a clinical challenge to the evaluation of cardiometabolic risk associated with a given body mass index (BMI). Simple tools can be used to better appreciate its heterogeneity. Measuring waist circumference is a relevant step to characterize fat distribution. Another important modulator of cardiometabolic risk is cardiorespiratory fitness. Individuals with a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness are characterized by a lower accumulation of VAT compared to those with poor fitness. Diet quality and level of physical activity are also key behaviors that substantially modulate cardiometabolic risk. It is proposed that it is no longer acceptable to assess the health risk of obesity using the BMI alone. In the context of personalized medicine, precision lifestyle medicine should be applied to the field of obesity, which should rather be referred to as 'obesities.'</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":"4-13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ratio of Skeletal Muscle Mass to Visceral Fat Area Is a Useful Marker for Assessing Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction among Koreans with Preserved Ejection Fraction: An Analysis of the Random Forest Model.","authors":"Jin Kyung Oh, Yuri Seo, Wonmook Hwang, Sami Lee, Yong-Hoon Yoon, Kyupil Kim, Hyun Woong Park, Jae-Hyung Roh, Jae-Hwan Lee, Minsu Kim","doi":"10.7570/jomes24027","DOIUrl":"10.7570/jomes24027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the presence of both obesity and reduced muscle mass presents a dual metabolic burden and additively has a negative effect on a variety of cardiometabolic parameters, data regarding the associations between their combined effects and left ventricular diastolic function are limited. This study investigated the association between the ratio of skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area (SVR) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in patients with preserved ejection fraction using random forest machine learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 1,070 participants with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction who underwent comprehensive health examinations, including transthoracic echocardiography and bioimpedance body composition analysis, were enrolled. SVR was calculated as an index of sarcopenic obesity by dividing the appendicular skeletal muscle mass by the visceral fat area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the random forest model, age and SVR were the most powerful predictors of LVDD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that older age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.15) and lower SVR (adjusted OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.57) were independent risk factors for LVDD. SVR showed a significant improvement in predictive performance and fair predictability for LVDD, with the highest area under the curve noted in both men and women, with statistical significance. In non-obese and metabolically healthy individuals, the lowest SVR tertile was associated with a greater risk of LVDD compared to the highest SVR tertile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Decreased muscle mass and increased visceral fat were significantly associated with LVDD compared to obesity, body fat composition, and body muscle composition indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":"54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Obesity Treatments on Bone Health: Insights from Recent Research.","authors":"Ji Hye Heo","doi":"10.7570/jomes25001","DOIUrl":"10.7570/jomes25001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}